Abstract: A method of producing an epoxy compound, which comprises reacting hydrogen peroxide with a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond, in the presence of at least one of a tungsten compound and a molybdenum compound; and an onium salt comprising 20 or more carbon atoms and one or more of substituents convertible to a functional group containing an active hydrogen or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface modification of materials. In particular the invention relates to a process for surface modification of polymeric materials to make the surface non-stick in order to reduce the ability of materials to stick on it and thus provide an easy flow. The process comprises embossing the surface of an object with a pattern comprising micropillars having different shapes (circle, square, rectangular, polygonal prismatic) with an equivalent circular diameter, height and pitch in the range 10-200 microns; applying a layer of adhesive to get a coverage of 0.1 to 5 mg/cm on the embossed surface either by spray coating or dip coating; depositing 0.2 to 1.2 mg/cm of hydrophobic particles wherein the hydrophobic particles have a particle size in the range 0.1 to 10 microns.

Abstract: A material for an electronic device includes a substance arranged to emit light in a predetermined range of wavelength upon receiving an excitation energy, wherein the substance includes a plurality of carbon nitride particles and a siloxane material. A method of producing the material and a light emitting device including the material are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a toner for developing electrostatic images that has an excellent balance between low-temperature fixability and heat-resistant shelf stability as well as good conveyance amount stability and printing durability, and causes less occurrence of fog in a high temperature and high humidity environment. The toner for developing electrostatic images of the present invention includes colored resin particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and an external additive, wherein silica fine particles A having a sodium to silicon ratio of 0.1 to 1.8% by mass, are contained as the external additive.

Abstract: An external additive for a toner includes: a particulate of a polymerization product of at least one silicon compound selected from a silane compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: Si(OR1)4 (wherein R1 is a C1 to C6 monovalent hydrocarbon group) and a hydrolysis-condensation product thereof. The particulate has the following properties: a number average particle diameter of about 50 nm to about 250 nm, a first specific surface area (?) measured by a gas adsorption method of about 13 m2/g to about 80 m2/g, and true density measured by a nominal volume expansion method of about 1.9 g/cm3 to about 2.1 g/cm3.

Abstract: A positively chargeable toner includes a plurality of toner particles each including a toner mother particle and external additives adhering to a surface of the toner mother particle. The toner particles of the positively chargeable toner each include a silica particle as one of the external additives and a titania particle as another one of the external additives. The silica particle has on a surface thereof an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 8 and no greater than 16 and an amino group. The titania particle has an amino group on a surface thereof. The titania particle has a volume resistivity of at least 1.0×109 ?·cm and no greater than 1.0×1011 ?·cm. The silica particles have an average primary particle diameter larger than that of the titania particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles each including a toner core and a shell layer. The shell layer includes first and second domains. The first domain includes a first copolymer of a first main monomer having a mole fraction of at least 20 mol % and one or more first additional monomers each having a mole fraction of less than 20 mol %. The second domain includes a second copolymer of a second main monomer having a mole fraction of at least 20 mol % and one or more second additional monomers each having a mole fraction of less than 20 mol %. A difference in polymer SP value between the first and second main monomers is at least 0.5 and no greater than 5.0. The first and second additional monomers each include one or more common monomers having a homopolymerization glass transition point of no greater than ?20° C.

Abstract: A part material for printing three-dimensional parts with an electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system, the part material including a composition having a semi-crystalline thermoplastic material and a charge control agent. The part material is provided in a powder form having a controlled particle size, and is configured for use in the electrophotography-based additive manufacturing system having a layer transfusion assembly for printing the three-dimensional parts in a layer-by-layer manner.

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner core, silica particles located on a surface of the toner core, and a shell layer disposed over the surface of the toner core on which the silica particles are located. For at least 80% by number of the toner particles, along at least 80% of a circumferential length of a cross-section of the toner particle when the cross-section is analyzed by EELS, the shell layer has a thickness of at least 5 nm and satisfies a condition that a ratio of an intensity INc relative to an intensity INs is at least 0.0 and no greater than 0.2. The intensity INs indicates intensity of an N—K shell absorption-edge originating from nitrogen atoms in the shell layer. The intensity INc indicates intensity of an N—K shell absorption-edge originating from nitrogen atoms in the toner core.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing crosslinked resin particles having a glass transition temperature of 55° C. or higher in a surface layer of the toner particle, and silica particles having a volume average particle diameter of 30 nm to 300 nm and a coverage with respect to the toner particle from 50% to 100%.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles that each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a toner core, a shell layer disposed over a surface of the toner core, and inorganic particles. The inorganic particles are located at an interface between the toner core and the shell layer, or within the shell layer. The shell layer contains a thermosetting component. The toner mother particle has a BET specific surface area of at least 0.95 m2/g.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles. Each toner particle includes a toner core containing a binder resin, a shell layer coating a surface of the toner core, and needle-like inorganic particulates. Each shell layer contains a thermosetting resin, and the inorganic particulates are present within the shell layer. The inorganic particulates have: an aspect ratio of 1.25 or more and 2.5 or less; and an average major diameter and an average minor diameter of 300 nm or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner particles each including a toner core containing a binder resin and a shell layer on a surface of the toner core. The shell layer includes a unit derived from a monomer of a thermosetting resin. The thermosetting resin is one or more resins selected from the group of amino resins consisting of a melamine resin, a urea resin, and a glyoxal resin. The inorganic particles intervene in an interface between the toner core and the shell layer. The inorganic particles have a number average particle diameter of 60 nm or more and 250 nm or less. Protrusions having a shape that follows a shape of the inorganic particles are on surfaces of the toner particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each having a toner core, a shell layer, and needle-like particles. The needle-like particles adhere to a surface of the toner core. The shell layer contains a thermosetting resin and covers the needle-like particles and the toner core. The needle-like particles contain titanium oxide. The needle-like particles have a volume resistivity value of at least 1.0×101 ?·cm and no greater than 1.0×108 ?·cm. The needle-like particles have a number average major-axis diameter of at least 0.2 ?m and no greater than 2.0 ?m. The needle-like particles have a number average minor-axis diameter of at least 0.01 ?m and no greater than 0.10 ?m.

Abstract: Composite particles comprising core particles completely or partially coated with a precipitated polymer, where the d50 median diameter of the core particles is from 1 to 70 ?m and wherein the core particle is an inorganic material which does not include titanium dioxide are provided. A method to prepare the particles includes dissolution of a polymer in a solvent and precipitation of the polymer in the presence of a suspension of the core particles. Further provided is a layer by layer moulding process employing the composite particles and mouldings obtained therefrom.

Abstract: Silica composite particles in which a silica particle surface is sequentially surface-treated with a titanium compound in which an organic group is bonded to a titanium atom through an oxygen atom, and a hydrophobizing agent are provided, in which a titanium content in the silica composite particles measured using fluorescence X-ray is from 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight; a titanium content of a surface layer of the silica composite particles satisfies the following Formula (1); an average particle diameter of the silica composite particles is from 30 nm to 500 nm; and a particle size distribution index of the silica composite particles is from 1.1 to 1.5: 0.6<Y/X<1.8??(1) wherein X represents a titanium content in silica composite particles measured using fluorescence X-ray, and Y represents a titanium content of the silica composite particle surface obtained by XPS measurement.

Abstract: A toner particle has a core and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell contains a polymerized charge enhanced spacer particle, which is a copolymer of a charge control agent and a monomer. A method of making toner particles includes forming a slurry by mixing together a first emulsion containing a resin, optionally a wax, optionally a colorant, optionally a surfactant, optionally a coagulant, and one or more additional optional additive, heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry, forming a second emulsion containing a monomer and a charge control agent, polymerizing the second emulsion to form a copolymer of the monomer and the charge control agent, and incorporating the copolymer into the toner particles, wherein the aggregated particles form a core of the toner particles.

Abstract: Treated metal oxide particles include metal oxide particles treated with at least a charge modifying agent. The charge modifying agent is represented by the following formula: An-Zc—Yb—Ar(EW)a wherein Ar represents an aromatic group, EW represents an electron withdrawing group, Y represents a spacer group, Z represents an alkylene group, An represents an anchor group, a is an integer from 1 to 5, b is 0 or 1, and c is 0 or 1. The treated metal oxide particles may also be treated with a second charge modifying agent or with a hydrophobicity-imparting agent. A toner composition including toner particles and treated metal oxide particles is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having superior color development property and a method of producing a toner having favorable particle size distribution and color development property, in which the toner containing a binder resin and a colorant that contains a phthalocyanine pigment represented by general formula (1), and the method for producing the toner.

Abstract: The invention provides a transparent toner for electrostatic latent image development, containing a polyester resin and a release agent, the difference between an endothermic peak Tm of the release agent in a temperature increasing process and an exothermic peak Tc of the release agent in a temperature decreasing process when measured by an ASTM method with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is from about 40° C. to about 50° C., and the degree of exposure of the release agent at the surface of the toner as determined quantitatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is about 10% or less.

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent is provided. The toner has a peak loss tangent (tan ?) value of 3 or more within a temperature range of 80 to 160° C. Here, the loss tangent (tan ?) is a ratio (G?/G?) of a loss elastic modulus (G?) to a storage elastic modulus (G?). The toner provides a good combination of low-temperature fixability, hot offset resistance, storage stability, coloring power and/or opacifying power, and gloss.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polyesters suitable for use in forming toners. In embodiments, a polyester may be subjected to phase inversion emulsification, in which charge control agents are added so that the polyester emulsion includes charge control agents therein. The resulting polyester emulsion with charge control agents may then be utilized to form toner particles.

Abstract: A toner having charge control agents which impart excellent triboelectric charging characteristics.

Abstract: To provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which is free from fogging even by means of a high speed and long operating life machine and which brings about no OPC filming or soiling of components. A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the toner has silica particles satisfying at least the following (1) to (3) and particles having an electrostatic property antipolar to the silica particles: (1) the average primary particle diameter is at least 60 nm and at most 300 nm, (2) the moisture content is at most 1.0 mass %, and (3) the absolute specific gravity is at least 2.0 and at most 2.4.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner contains a binder resin, a release agent, a black colorant, a methylglycine diacetate, and an aluminum element, the content of the methylglycine diacetate is in the range of from 5 ppm to 500 ppm, and the content of the aluminum element is in the range of from 0.07 atomic % to 0.18 atomic % in total element analysis using fluorescent X-rays.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyan toner for developing an electrostatic image containing a cyan colorant, and the cyan colorant comprises colorant compound X represented by Formula (1) and colorant compound Y represented by Formula (2). wherein M1 is a metal atom of Group 14, Q is independently a monovalent substituent, m and n are each 0 or 1, at least one of m and n is 1, and A is independently an atomic group forming an aromatic ring which may have a substituent, wherein, M2 is Zn or Al, and A is independently an atomic group forming an aromatic ring which may have a substituent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner includes a latex, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein G?(80) is in a range of about 2.0×105 Pa to about 3.0×106 Pa and G?(80)/G?(140) is in a range of about 2.0×102 to about 3.0×103, wherein in regard to a molecular weight distribution on a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) chromatogram, the molecular weight region of 1.0×104 g/mol or less of a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble component of the electrophotographic toner is about 5% or less, and the molecular weight region of 1.0×105 g/mol or more of the THF-soluble component of the electrophotographic toner is in a range of about 5% to about 20%, where G?(80) and G?(140) respectively denote storage moduli of the electrophotographic toner at temperatures of 80° C. and 140° C. when a dynamic viscoelasticity according to a sine-wave vibration is measured at an angular velocity of 6.28 rad/sec and at a temperature increase rate of 2.0° C./min.

Abstract: This invention provides metal oxide particles surface-treated with a cyclic silazane and a hydrophobicity-imparting agent, methods of making such, and toner compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: A toner for developing a latent electrostatic image produced by suspension polymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition in an aqueous dispersion medium, wherein the polymerizable monomer composition contains a polymerizable monomer, a colorant, and a layered inorganic mineral in which at least a part of an interlayer ion is replaced with an organic ion, and a process cartridge and an image forming method using the toner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toner composition for forming a masking pattern for use e.g. in connection with a method of building up a three-dimensional body from a large number of mutually connected layers of powder particles that are bonded to each other using radiant heat. The toner composition consists of powder particles that arc able to withstand a temperature of at least 200° C. without sticking together. It also relates to a developer that comprises the toner composition and carrier particles and a method in connection with the production of a volume body by using a toner composition or a developer according to the invention.

Abstract: A toner set is composed of toners of a plurality of colors that are used in a tandem-type color image forming apparatus. Each of the toners of a plurality of colors includes toner base particles and an external additive. The external additive includes small-diameter silica particles and large-diameter silica particles larger than the small-diameter silica particles. When, of the toners of a plurality of colors, three color toners to be used consecutively for forming the toner image are defined as a first toner, second toner and third toner respectively in order of usage thereof, the average particle diameter of the large-diameter silica particles contained in the second toner is smaller than the average particle diameter of the large-diameter silica particles contained in the first toner and is larger than the average particle diameter of the large-diameter silica particles contained in the third toner.

Abstract: Disclosed are a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image and a method of preparing the toner. The toner may include a latex, a colorant and a releasing agent, and may further include sulfur (S), iron (Fe) and silicon (Si). The [S]/[Fe] ratio may be within the range between about 5.0×10?4 and about 5.0×10?2. The [Si]/[Fe] ratio may be within the range of between about 5.0×10?4 and about 5.0×10?2. [S], [Fe] and [Si] are the amounts of S, Fe and Si measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrographic toner and methods for preparing an electrographic toner. In particular, the present disclosure provides an electrophotographic toner comprising a latex, a colorant and a releasing agent. The electrophotographic toner may further comprise zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and silicon (Si). The [Zn]/[Fe] ratio may be in the range of about 5.0×10?2 to about 2.0. The [Si]/[Fe] ratio may be in the range of about 5.0×10?4 to about 5.0×10?2. [Zn], [Fe] and [Si] denote the intensities of Zn, Fe and Si, respectively, as measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymerized toner prepared by suspension polymerization. In particular, the polymerized toner comprises a plurality of toner particles that each comprising a binder resin, a pigment, a pigment stabilizer, a charge control agent, and a wax. The polymerized toner maintains a ratio of toner particles containing at least two wax domains per particle within a defined range. Thereby, the polymerized toner achieves high glossiness and good transfer efficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner composition comprising resin particles, a colorant, and a toner additive, wherein the toner additive comprises carbon-silica dual phase particles, wherein the carbon-silica dual phase particles comprise aggregates of carbon black comprising at least one silicon-containing region, and wherein the carbon-silica dual phase particles are distributed on the surface of the resin particles. The invention also provides a method of preparing the aforesaid toner composition.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a latent electrostatic image bearing member, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a fixing unit, wherein the toner contains at least a binder resin and a colorant, the binder resin contains a polyester resin obtained by polycondensation of an alcohol component with a carboxylic acid component containing a rosin compound, the amount of the rosin compound contained in the carboxylic acid component is 5% by mass or more based on the total mass of the alcohol component and carboxylic acid component, and the amount of an abietic acid contained in the toner is 1% by mass or less.

Abstract: Provided are toner for developing an electrostatic latent image and a method of preparing the same. The toner has G?(60) of about 4.0×107 Pa to about 4.0×108 Pa, G?(60)/G?(80) of about 100 to about 500, and G?(100, 140) of about 3.0×103 Pa to about 1.5×105 Pa. The G?(60) and G?(80) are storage moduli Pa at about 60° C. and about 80° C. under measurement conditions of an angular velocity of about 6.28 rad/s and a heating rate of about 2.0° C./minute, respectively. The G?(100, 140) is a storage modulus Pa at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 140° C. under measurement conditions of an angular velocity of about 6.28 rad/s and a heating rate of about 2.0° C./minute.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes plural developing units separately containing a toner A and a toner B that satisfy relationships (1) and (2) and have similar colors. The toner A and the toner B each contain a binder resin containing a polyester about 90 mass % or more of the binder resin, and about 90 mass % of the binder resin of the toner A and about 90 mass % of the binder resin of the toner B are the same resin. The polyester contains an amorphous polyester having an alkyl side chain and a crystalline polyester. The relationship (1) is Ta (toner A)>Tb (toner B) in terms of flow tester ½ effluent temperature. The relationship (2) is Aa (toner A)>Ab (toner B) in terms of an amount of an aluminum (with reference to net intensity) measured with fluorescent X-ray.

Abstract: A toner usable with electrophotography includes an iron (Fe) content in the toner is in a range of about 1.0×102 ppm to about 1.0×104 ppm and a circle equivalent diameter of a sectional area of an Fe agglomerating agent is in a range of about 1.0 nm to about 2.0×102 nm.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner which is capable of obtaining highly chromatic full-color images of bright color without causing perceived color contamination and exhibits superior lightfastness is disclosed, wherein the toner comprises a binding resin and a colorant, and the colorant is tetraazaporphyrin or phthalocyanine compounds such as a compound represented by the following formula:

Abstract: A toner having a core with a first latex having a specific glass transition temperature, and further having a shell surrounding the core with a second latex having a specific glass transition temperature and possessing functional groups, and processes for producing the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides blue toners and methods for their production. In embodiments, methods of the present disclosure include systems which may be utilized to predict the color properties of a blue toner, thereby permitting adjustment of the pigment loading and/or toner mass per unit area.

Abstract: Provide is a toner including toner particles each containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, and an inorganic fine powder, in which the inorganic fine powder has a ratio (A/B) of a total pore volume A measured in a pore diameter range of from 1.9 nm or more and to 8.0 nm or less to a total pore volume B measured in a pore diameter range of from 1.9 nm or more and to 300.0 nm or less of from 0.20 or more and to 1.00 or less, and the total pore volume A is from 1.00×10?2 cm3/g or more and to 1.00 cm3/g or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner containing a resin and a colorant is disclosed. The colorant is represented by the formula in the formula, M1 is a silicon atom (Si), a germanium atom (Ge) and a tin atom (Sn); Z is independently a chlorine atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an aryloxy group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms; and A1, A2, A3 and A4 are each independently an atomic group defined in the specification.

Abstract: A toner including toner particles including a binder resin, and a modified layered inorganic material in which at least part of interlayer ions is replaced with an organic ion, and a fatty acid metal compound located on a surface of the toner particles; and an external additive located on the fatty acid metal compound, wherein the external additive is a material different from the fatty acid metal compound. An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member; a developing device configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a developer including the toner; a transfer device; and a fixing device. A method for preparing the toner including dispersing or emulsifying a toner composition including a modified layered inorganic material to prepare toner particles; mixing a fatty acid metal compound with the toner particles; and second mixing the toner particles with an external additive.

Abstract: Provided is a two-component developer with which degradation of development is inhibited even in the case of prolonged use, and thereby a high quality image exhibiting high resolution and sufficient image density can be formed for a long duration. Also disclosed is a two-component developer possessing a carrier and a toner, wherein the carrier in which magnetic material powder is dispersed in a binder resin containing a phenol formaldehyde resin has a shape coefficient SF-1 of 1.0-1.2, a shape coefficient SF-2 of 1.1-2.5 and a volume-based median particle diameter of 10-100 ?m, and the toner possesses a colored particle and an external additive particle, wherein the external additive particle comprises a titanic acid compound and iron, and the iron content is 100-1,000 ppm, based on the titanic acid compound.

Abstract: A pigment particle coated with at least one of a resin and a charge control surface additive, wherein the pigment particle is a pearlescent or metallic pigment. The pigment adds pearlescent effects and is of a size and charge as to be used as a toner material in electrostatographic or xerographic image formation.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner includes a binding resin and a release agent, wherein an organic silicon compound including a siloxane bond is present in a domain of the release agent.

Abstract: A carrier for electrostatic image development includes: a carrier body including a core and a resin coating layer on the core; and first spherical silica particles having a volume-average particle diameter of from 50 nm to 300 nm that adhere to the surface of the carrier body at a ratio of from 0.001 parts by weight to 0.100 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the carrier body.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image includes a toner particle to which particles of an external additive A having a number average particle diameter of from 7 nm to 200 nm and particles of an external additive B having a number average particle diameter of from 30 nm to 4000 nm have been externally added. The ratio of the number average particle diameter of the particles of the external additive B to the number average particle diameter of the particles of the external additive A is in a range of from 2 to 20. The particles of one of the external additive A or the external additive B are particles having a core material covered with an organic material containing hydrogen and nitrogen. The particles of the other one of the external additive A or the external additive B are SiO2 particles.