Abstract: The toner binder of the present invention contains a crystalline resin (A) and a resin (B) that is a polyester resin or its modified resin, the polyester resin being obtained by reaction of an alcohol component (X) and a carboxylic acid component (Y) as raw materials, wherein a temperature (Tp) of the top of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is in the range of 40° C. to 100° C., and endothermic peak areas S1 and S2 during heating satisfy the following equation. (S2/S1)×100?35??(1) S1 is an area of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) in the first heating process, and S2 is an area of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) in the second heating process, when the toner binder is heated, cooled, and heated.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle containing a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous polyester resin, wherein, in a cross-sectional observation of the toner by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the number-average diameter (D1) of major axis lengths of the crystalline polyester resin dispersed up to a depth of 0.30 ?m from a toner surface is 40 nm to 110 nm, and the number-average diameter (D1) of major axis lengths of the crystalline polyester resin dispersed deeper than 0.30 ?m from the toner surface is 1.25 to 4.00 times the number-average diameter (D1) of the major axis lengths of the crystalline polyester resin dispersed up to a depth of 0.30 ?m from the toner surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a toner for development of electrostatic images, including the following steps (1) to (3): Step (1): aggregating resin particles (X) containing a composite resin that contains a segment constituted of a polyester resin (a) obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing 80 mol % or more of a propyleneoxide adduct of bisphenol A and a polycarboxylic acid component, and a vinyl-based resin segment containing a constitutional unit derived from a styrene-based compound, in an aqueous medium, to obtain aggregated particles (1); Step (2): aggregating the aggregated particles (1) obtained in the step (1) with resin particles (Y) containing a polyester resin (b) obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing 80 mol % or more of an ethyleneoxide adduct of bisphenol A and a polycarboxylic acid component to obtain aggregated particles (2); and Step (3): coalescing the aggregated particles (2) obtained in the step (2).

Abstract: A developer having low-temperature fixability and storage stability, and capable of prolonging the service life is provided. A toner includes a coloring agent, an amorphous polyester, a crystal line polyester, ester wax containing multiple ester compounds, each having a carbon number selected from 32 to 54, and hydrophobic silica having an average primary particle diameter of 8 to 35 nm. When the ion intensity ratio of each ester compound having a different carbon number is expressed as percentage, the content (a) of the ester compound having a carbon number of (Cn) showing the maximum intensity ratio is from 20 to 55% by weight of the entire ester wax, the sum (g) of the content (e) of the ester compound having a carbon number of (Cn+2) and the content (f) of the ester compound having a carbon number of (Cn+4) satisfies the following formula: 0.065?g/a?0.200.

Abstract: A toner includes toner particles and an external additive; the external additive includes an external additive A containing fine particles of a crystalline resin or fine particles of a wax; the crystalline resin and the wax each have an urethane bond or an urea bond; and the melting point of the crystalline resin and the melting point of the wax are each from 50° C. to 130° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner that exhibits high levels of the low-temperature fixability, storability, and charging performance all at the same time. The toner of the present invention is a toner that has a toner particle comprising a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, the toner being characterized in that the toner satisfies 0.00?(Wt2/Wt1)?0.50; the toner particle has a matrix-domain structure in which domains of the crystalline resin are present in a matrix of the amorphous resin; at least 90 number % of the crystalline resin domains are domains with a diameter from 0.05 ?m to 0.50 ?m; and SF1 for the crystalline resin domains is from 100 to 130.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, an amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester, wherein the binder resin contains a vinyl resin; the amorphous polyester has a monomer unit derived from a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbons, and a monomer unit derived from a dialcohol; the content of the monomer unit derived from a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbons is 10 to 50 mol % with reference to the total monomer units derived from a carboxylic acid in the amorphous polyester; and in a cross section of the toner particle, the vinyl resin constitutes a matrix and the amorphous polyester constitutes domains, and the crystalline polyester is present in the interior of the domains.

Abstract: Core-shell toner particles with antimicrobial properties are described, the toner particles contain a metal ion nanoparticle in the shell.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles each including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, wherein, when the toner particles are subjected to a measurement to determine an area ratio of the crystalline resin on a cross section of the toner particle before and after being heated at a temperature of 50° C. and a humidity of 50% RH for three days, a relationship between an area ratio a (%) of the crystalline resin on a cross section with respect to the toner particles before being heated, and an area ratio b (%) of the crystalline resin on the cross section with respect to the toner particles after being heated satisfies Expression (1): 0.9?a/b?1.0.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles including an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, wherein, when the toner particles are subjected to a measurement to determine an area ratio of the crystalline resin present on a surface of the toner particle before and after being heated at a temperature of 50° C. and a humidity of 50% RH for a week, a relationship between an area ratio a (%) of the crystalline resin present on a surface of the toner particles before being heated and an area ratio b (%) of the crystalline resin present on a surface of the toner particles after being heated satisfies Expression (1): 0.05?(b?a)/b?0.50.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a guide unit that guides at least one of an image holding member and an intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position provided by a primary transfer unit such that a portion of the surface of the image holding member and a portion of the surface of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein a toner contains a toner particle which contains a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin, a coloring agent and a releasing agent, and an external additive, and satisfies Expression: 2?tan ?P1?2.5, wherein tan ?P1 represents a maximum value of a mechanical loss tangent existing in a range where a complex elastic modulus is from 1×106 Pa to 1×108 Pa, which is measured at an angular frequency of 6.28 rad/sec and a strain amount of 0.3%.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a polyester that contains plural pendant adjacent carboxylic acid or acid salt side groups for use in making a toner for use in imaging devices.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, a colorant, a crystalline polyester, and a release agent, wherein a cross-sectional image of the toner is observed using a scanning transmission electron microscope, domains of the crystalline polyester are present in the cross-sectional image of the toner, the domains have a number-average major diameter of at least 50 nm and not more than 300 nm, the number of the domains is at least 8 and not more than 500, and the domains are present at least 60 number % and not more than 100 number % from an outline of the cross-sectional image to 25% of the distance between the outline and the centroid of the cross-sectional image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an overcoat layer and a cleaning unit that includes a cleaning blade and a tip of the cleaning blade contacts with the photoreceptor toward the direction opposite to the rotation direction, wherein the toner particle contains a crystalline polyester resin, an average circularity of the toner particles is from 0.955 to 0.971, a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 4.5 ?m or more and less than 7.5 ?m and a circularity of 0.980 or more is from 16% by number to 40% by number, and a content ratio of the toner particles having a particle diameter of 7.5 ?m or more and less than 15 ?m and a circularity of 0.900 or more and less than 0.940 is 3% by number or less.

Abstract: A toner includes a crystalline polyester resin in an amount equal to or greater than 25% by mass. The toner satisfies the following formula when the toner is tested using a capillary rheometry measurement during which a pellet of the toner is pressed by a member while being heated: 0.3?(first temperature?second temperature)/(second temperature?third temperature)?1, where the first temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 4 mm, the second temperature is a temperature at which the member falls 2 mm, and the third temperature is a temperature at which the member starts to fall.

Abstract: A phase inversion emulsification process for controlling latex particle size including a) combining a resin, an organic solvent, an optional neutralizing agent, and a first portion of water in a reactor; wherein said reactor is equipped with a jacket, a vacuum, a condenser connected to the reactor by a distillate conduit, and a receiver connected to the condenser by a condensate conduit, to form a water-in-oil dispersion mixture; b) adding a second portion of water to the reactor to convert the water-in-oil dispersion mixture into an oil-in-water dispersion comprising a latex emulsion of latex particles; c) forming a distillate and controlling the distillate temperature by at least one of: adjusting the jacket temperature, adjusting the vacuum level, or a combination thereof; wherein controlling the distillate temperature controls a particle size distribution change of the latex particles during solvent removal; wherein the distillate temperature is from about 30 to about 80° C.

Abstract: A toner comprises toner particles, each of which contains a binder resin, a colorant, a wax and a crystalline polyester. The melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is at least 65.0° C. and not more than 80.0° C., and regarding a storage elastic modulus G? obtained in dynamic viscoelasticity measurement of the toner, where G? at 50° C. is denoted by G?(50), G? at 80° C. is denoted by G?(80), G? at 120° C. is denoted by G?(120), and G? at the melting point P(t) of the crystalline polyester is denoted by G?(t), the following formulas are satisfied: 4.2×108 Pa?G?(50), 3.0×102?G?(50)/G?(80), and G?(t)/G?(120)?7.0×102.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic latent image includes: toner base particles containing a hybrid crystalline polyester resin having a crystalline polyester polymerized segment and an amorphous polymerized segment chemically bonded to each other and an amorphous resin; and an external additive including fatty acid metal salt particles, wherein a volume median diameter of the fatty acid metal salt particles is from 3.0 to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: The toner binder of the present invention contains a crystalline resin (A) and a resin (B) that is a polyester resin or its modified resin, the polyester resin being obtained by reaction of an alcohol component (X) and a carboxylic acid component (Y) as raw materials, wherein a temperature (Tp) of the top of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) is in the range of 40° C. to 100° C., and endothermic peak areas S1 and S2 during heating satisfy the following equation. (S2/S1)×100?35??(1) S1 is an area of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) in the first heating process, and S2 is an area of the endothermic peak derived from the crystalline resin (A) in the second heating process, when the toner binder is heated, cooled, and heated.

Abstract: A toner including: a pigment; polyester resin A that is insoluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF); and polyester resin B that is soluble in THF, wherein the toner satisfies requirements (1) to (3) below: (1) the polyester resin A includes one or more aliphatic diols including from 3 through 10 carbon atoms, as a component constituting the polyester resin A; (2) the polyester resin B includes at least an alkylene glycol in an amount of 40 mol % or more, as a component constituting the polyester resin B; and (3) a glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of the toner at first heating in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the toner is from 20° C. through 50° C.

Abstract: A novel vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound and a method for producing the same, a polymerizable monomer and cross-linking agent including this compound, a leaving-group-containing fluorene compound, a monovinyl-group-containing fluorene compound, and methods for producing the same. This vinyl-group-containing fluorene compound is represented by formula (1). In the formula, W1 and W2 represent a group represented by formula (2), a group represented by formula (4), a hydroxyl group, or a (meth)acryloyloxy group, R3a and R3b represent a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon, and n1 and n2 are integers of 0-4. In formulas (2) and (4), a ring (Z) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, X is a single bond or a group represented by —S—, R1 is a single bond or a C1-4 alkylene group, R2 is a specific substituent group such as a monovalent hydrocarbon, and m is an integer of 0 or greater.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner of the present invention includes toner base particles and particles containing a fatty acid metal salt. The toner base particles contain a crystalline resin containing a segment of a first resin and a segment of a second resin chemically bonded to each other and an amorphous resin containing at least the second resin. The crystalline resin is a hybrid crystalline polyester resin. The first resin is a crystalline polyester resin. The second resin is an amorphous resin. The volume-based median diameter (Da) of the toner base particles and the volume-based median diameter (Db) of the particles containing the fatty acid metal salt satisfy the relations represented by Expressions (1) and (2) below: 0.5 ?m?Db?2.0 ?m??Expression (1) 0.1 Db/Da?0.5.

Abstract: Provided is a toner that achieves low-temperature fixability, storability and charging performance all at a high level, in which a toner containing a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin, wherein a standard deviation of hydrogen nuclear relaxation times (HT1?-C) of the toner as measured by solid-state 13C-NMR is from 0.0 to 5.0, and a hydrogen nuclear relaxation time (HT1?-C1) of a 13C peak with the longest relaxation time out of the hydrogen nuclear relaxation times (HT1?-C) and a hydrogen nuclear relaxation time (HT1?-A1) of a 13C peak with the shortest relaxation time out of the hydrogen nuclear relaxation times (HT1?-A) satisfy 3.0?{(HT1?-C1)/(HT1?-A1)}?6.0.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image holding member, a developing unit that contains a developer containing toner particles and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of the image holding member with the developer to form a toner image, a primary transfer unit that transfers the toner image formed on the image holding member to an intermediate transfer member, a second transfer unit that transfers the toner image transferred on the intermediate transfer member to a recording medium, and a guide unit that guides at least one of the image holding member and the intermediate transfer member to a primary transfer position such that a portion of the image holding member and a portion of the intermediate transfer member are disposed along with each other, wherein the specific toner defined in the specification is used.

Abstract: A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

Abstract: A chemically prepared toner composition made up of a toner particle with a core having a first polymer binder, a monomer free radical polymerization formed core shell styrene acrylic latex having a liquid gel core, a pigment, a wax, and a shell formed around the core including a second polymer binder and method to make the same is disclosed. An optional borax coupling agent can be placed between the outer surface of the core and the shell to assist in the binding of the polymer found in the shell onto the surface of the toner core containing the first polymer.

Abstract: A hybrid toner includes a core having at least one amorphous polyester resin and at least one crystalline polyester resin, and at least one styrene/acrylate resin, a shell comprising at least one styrene/acrylate resin, at least one wax, and optionally a pigment dispersion, the first modulated differential calorimetry scan of the hybrid toner shows at least two melting point peaks below about 80° C., and the difference between the two melting point peaks is less than or equal to about 15° C.

Abstract: Provided is a toner, comprising a toner particle having a core-shell structure composed of a core particle and a shell phase on a surface of the core particle, the core particle containing a resin X and a colorant, the shell phase being derived from a resin fine particle containing a resin Y, in which a relationship among a SP value of the resin X, a SP value of the resin Y, and a SP value of an organic solvent falls within a specific range, and a relationship between a number-average particle diameter of the resin fine particle when the resin fine particle is dispersed in water and a number-average particle diameter of the resin fine particle when the resin fine particle is dispersed in the organic solvent falls within a specific range.

Abstract: The production process of the present invention includes: a first step of heating a dispersion containing an aqueous medium and a binder resin containing a crystalline resin to a temperature higher than or equal to the melting point of the crystalline resin in a step of aggregating and fusing a fine particle of the binder resin containing the crystalline resin to produce a toner base particle; a second step of cooling the dispersion having been heated in the first step and having a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature Rc of the crystalline resin to a temperature lower than Rc at a temperature-lowering rate of 1° C./min or higher; and a third step of maintaining the dispersion having been cooled in the second step at a temperature higher than or equal to Rc?25° C. and lower than or equal to Rc?5° C. for 30 minutes or longer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrostatic latent image developing toner made of a binding resin made of an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin, and toner particles containing a releasing agent and a coloring agent, the method includes: adding a monomer for forming the amorphous resin, in an aqueous medium, under presence of the fine particles containing the crystalline resin, and performing polymerization to obtain coated resin fine particles that are fine particles containing the crystalline resin, the fine particles being coated with the amorphous resin; and flocculating and fusing at least fine particles containing the amorphous resin, the coated resin fine particles, and fine particles containing the coloring agent, in an aqueous medium, under presence of a flocculating agent, to obtain the toner particles, wherein a surfactant having concentration of one to five times critical micellar concentration is added to the aqueous medium in the polymerization.

Abstract: Provided is a toner that uses a crystalline resin, and demonstrates favorable dispersibility of the crystalline resin in the toner, demonstrates superior low-temperature fixability, and is able to inhibit fogging. The toner has a toner particle comprising a resin A, which has a long-chain alkyl group having an average number of carbon atoms of 27 to 50, and a crystalline resin, wherein the SP value (cal/cm3)1/2 of the crystalline resin is 9.00 to 12.00, and in a GC/MS analysis of components that volatize when the toner is heated for 10 minutes at 200° C., the amount of volatile components of saturated hydrocarbons having 30 to 37 carbon atoms is 90 ppm to 260 ppm of toluene equivalent, based on mass.

Abstract: A branched polyester suitable for use in solvent-free emulsification, the branched polyester having a first original weight average molecular weight before undergoing solvent-free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after undergoing solvent-free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure that limits degradation of the polyester during solvent-free emulsification to less than about 20 percent of the first original weight average molecular weight, wherein the branched polyester comprises a compound of the formula described.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin that comprises a crystalline resin, wherein the toner satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2) in DSC measurement of the toner, 50.0?Tt?80.0??formula (1) 0.00??HT?t-3/?H?0.20??formula (2) where Tt [° C.] is the peak temperature of the endothermic peak P1, ?H [J/g] is the endothermic quantity from a temperature lower than T?t by 20.0° C. to a temperature higher than T?t by 10.0° C. when T?t [° C.] is the peak temperature of the endothermic peak P 2, and ?H T?t-3 [J/g] is the endothermic quantity from a temperature lower than T?t by 20.0° C. to a temperature lower than T?t by 3.0° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner containing a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant and a crystalline substance, wherein the method includes the steps of: (I) setting a temperature of a dispersion, in which a coloring particle is dispersed with an aqueous medium, to TA(° C.), which is higher than the higher of a crystallization temperature Tc(° C.) of the crystalline substance and a glass transition temperature Tg(° C.) of the coloring particle, the coloring particle containing the binder resin, the colorant and the crystalline substance; (II) cooling the dispersion from the TA to a temperature equal to or lower than the Tg at a cooling rate of at least 5.0° C./min after the step (I); and (III) holding the dispersion in a temperature from Tg?10 to Tg+10 for at least 30 min after the step (II).

Abstract: A method of producing a toner includes preparing a resin solution containing a binder resin, a colorant and an organic solvent; forming a droplet, a surface of the droplet being covered with a resin fine particle L1; introducing a resin fine particle L2; pressuring by introducing carbon dioxide, and extracting the organic solvent in the droplet; and obtaining the toner particle by removing the carbon dioxide together with the extracted organic solvent, wherein the SP value of the resin R1 constituting the resin fine particle L1 and the SP value of the resin R2 constituting the resin fine particle L2 are each within a specific range.

Abstract: There is provided an electrostatic charge image developing toner containing: a toner particle containing an amorphous resin having a polyester resin segment and a styrene acrylic resin segment, and a crystalline polyester resin dispersed in the amorphous resin, wherein a loss modulus G? of the toner particles satisfies the following (1) and (2): (1) the loss modulus G? at 40° C. is from 1.0×107 Pa to 1.0×108 Pa; and (2) the loss modulus G? at the time when 60 minutes has passed from start of keeping the toner particles at 55° C. is from 1.0×108 Pa to 1.0×109 Pa.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a resin made with no more than 6 mol % of a rosin or a rosin derivative combined with a lower molecular weight crystalline polyester resin in a toner with low fixing temperature and higher blocking temperature.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner includes: a binder resin containing a crystalline polyester resin and an amorphous resin, wherein when, in differential scanning calorimetry of the toner according to ASTM D3418-8, a temperature of an endothermic peak derived from the crystalline polyester resin in a first heating process is defined as Tm1 (° C.), an endothermic quantity based on the endothermic peak in the first heating process is defined as ?H1 (J/g), an endothermic quantity based on the endothermic peak in a second heating process is defined as ?H2 (J/g), and a softening temperature is defined as Tf1/2 (° C.), Tm1 is 60 to 80° C., Tf1/2 is 95 to 125° C., and ?H1 and ?H2 satisfy the relationship represented by the following Formula (1) and (2): [Math. 1] 0.65??H2/?H1?0.95??(1) 205?(1.4×Tm1)<Tf1/2?220?(1.4×Tm1)??(2).

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner including: elemental iron, wherein a content of the elemental iron is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental silicon, wherein a content of the elemental silicon is in a range of 1.0×103 to 5.0×103 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; elemental sulfur, wherein a content of the elemental sulfur is in a range of 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on a total weight of the toner; optionally elemental fluorine, wherein a content of the elemental fluorine, if present, is in a range of 1.0×103 to 1.0×104 ppm; and a binder resin.

Abstract: A block copolymer includes a crystalline polyester block and an amorphous polyalkylsiloxane block, the block copolymer exhibiting baroplastic behavior. The block copolymer is used in a cold pressure fix toner. A method of making a block copolymer including a crystalline polyester block and an amorphous polyalkylsiloxane block includes heating a mixture of a diacid, a diol, and a carbinol-terminated poly(alkylsiloxane).

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the toner has a component soluble in a 50% by mass aqueous methanol solution in an amount of 0.10% by mass to 0.60% by mass, and wherein the toner has a flowing-out beginning temperature (Tfb) of 55.0° C. to 100.0° C. as determined by a flowtester method.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes toner base particles including a binder resin and a nucleating agent, wherein the binder resin includes a hybrid crystalline resin having a structure in which a crystalline polyester resin unit and an amorphous resin unit are chemically bonded to each other, and the nucleating agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, 1-tetracosanol, 1-hexacosanol, octacosanol, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid.

Abstract: A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles contain a binder resin and a magnetic powder. The binder resin includes a crystalline polyester resin. The magnetic powder has a coating of a melamine resin. Preferably, the crystalline polyester resin has a solubility parameter (SPC) of no less than 9.5, and the solubility parameter (SPC) of the crystalline polyester resin and a solubility parameter (SPM) of the melamine resin satisfy formula (1) shown below. SPC?SPM>1.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles each containing a binder resin. The toner particles each contain as the binder resin, a crystalline polyester resin and a non-crystalline polyester resin. An FT-IR spectrum of the electrostatic latent image developing toner obtained through FT-IR analysis based on an ATR method has an absorbency peak of at least 0.0100 and no greater than 0.0250 in a wave number range of 701 cm?1±1 cm?1.

Abstract: There is provided with toner including one or more kinds of brilliant pigments, and one or more kinds of coloring matters. There are also provided with a toner cartridge including the toner, a developing unit including a storing portion that stores the toner, and an image forming apparatus including a storing portion that stores the toner.

Abstract: A resin composed of a particular polymer, the particular polymer including a repeating unit containing a structure derived from a dehydroabietic acid, a specific structural unit, and a specific aromatic ring-containing structural unit in the main chain.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing a branched polyester resin. Particularly, the method includes an alkoxylation reaction that includes reacting a monomer bisphenol A with a cyclic alkylene carbonate.

Abstract: A method of producing a toner containing a toner particle having a core-shell structure that has a core containing a resin and has a shell phase on a surface of the core, the shell phase being derived from a resin fine particle containing a resin A, and the resin A being a resin containing a segment derived from a crystalline polymer D, the method including steps (i), (ii) and (iii).

Abstract: Provided is toner comprising toner particle containing binder resin and colorant and silica fine particle, wherein: the silica fine particle contains silica fine particle A and silica fine particle B; silica fine particle A has a number average particle diameter of primary particle of 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less; silica fine particle B has a number average particle diameter of primary particle of 80 nm or more and 200 nm or less; and silica fine particle B has a half width of a peak of primary particle of 25 nm or less, in a weight-based particle size distribution, and wherein when the toner is measured by adhesive force-measuring method by using polycarbonate thin film, an adhesion of the silica fine particle A is 0.5% by area or less relative to 100% by area of the total area of the polycarbonate thin film.

Abstract: A toner includes a polyester resin including a polyester resin component A (A) insoluble in tetrahydrofuran; and a polyester resin component B (B) soluble in tetrahydrofuran. The toner has a first glass transition temperature (Tg1st) of from 20° C. to 50° C., measured at a first temperature rising in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and satisfies the following formulae (1) and (2): T=1/{a/(TgA+273)+b/(TgB+273)}?273??(1) T?TgAB>30×a??(2) wherein a and b represent weight ratios of (A) and (B) to a total weight of (A) and (B), and satisfy the equation a+b=1; and TgA, TgB and TgAB represent second glass transition temperatures (Tg2nd), measured at a second temperature rising in differential scanning calorimetry, of (A), (B), and a mixture of (A) and (B), respectively.