Abstract: Coated carrier particles are provided for use in developer compositions for electrophotographic imaging. The coated carrier particles include a carrier core and a resin coating that includes first and second polymer components. The coated carrier particles exhibit stable triboelectric charging during aging, decreased coating hardness, higher coating coverage, and an improved resilience to toner impaction.

Abstract: A method of preparing toner, the method including preparing a latex for a core by polymerizing a composition for a core including a macromonomer having a hydrophilic group, a hydrophobic group and at least one reactive functional group, at least one polymerizable monomer, and a wax; agglomerating the latex for a core by adding a pigment dispersion dispersed by the macromonomer and an inorganic salt to the prepared latex for a core; and coating the agglomerated latex for a core using a latex for a shell layer, wherein the latex for a shell layer is prepared by polymerizing a composition for a shell layer including at least one polymerizable monomer, a macroinitiator having polydimethyl siloxane units, and a macromonomer, and toner prepared according to the method.

Abstract: Electro-photographic images having high picture quality and low carrier adhesion can be obtained using a two-component developer containing a carrier containing (A) a carrier containing a core containing a magnetic material, the core being coated with at least one resin layer; and (B) a toner; wherein the carrier has a weight average particle diameter Dw of 22-32 ?m; wherein a content of carrier particles having a diameter smaller than 20 ?m is 0-7% by weight based on the weight of the carrier; wherein a content of carrier particles having a diameter smaller than 36 ?m is 90-100% by weight based on the weight of the carrier; wherein a weight average particle diameter Dw of the toner is 2-7 ?m; and wherein a ratio Dw/Dn of the weight average particle diameter of the toner to the number average particle diameter of the toner is 1.00-1.25.

Abstract: A carrier of the present invention is used in a developer including a toner which includes at least a binder resin and an organic colorant, and the carrier has a core and a coating formed on the surface of the core, the coating including (i) a charge control agent for controlling a charge whose polarity is the same as a polarity of a charge controlled by a charge control agent included in the toner, and (ii) a conductive particles. The use of the carrier of the present invention enables: prevention of decrease in the charging amount of the toner which includes at least a binder resin and an organic colorant; and formation of a stable, high-resolution, high-quality image which has very few image defects such as a photographic fog.

Abstract: A carrier excellent in durability and environmental stability and a two-component developing agent is provided. In the carrier, a core material is coated with a resin, and the coating resin is formed on the core material such that the coating resin comes to be in an amount of 5% by weight to 20% by weight on the basis of a weight of the core material, thereby enhancing durability. Further, the coating resin contains fine particles of titanium oxide, thereby enhancing environmental stability.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core and a polymer generated from a mixture of two latexes, and wherein the first latex enables a polymer with a high molecular weight, and the second latex enables a polymer with a low molecular weight, and wherein high represents a weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000,000 to about 8,000,000, and said low represents a weight average molecular weight of from about 500,000 to about 750,000.

Abstract: Coated carrier particles are provided for use in developer compositions for electrophotographic imaging. The coated carrier particles include a carrier core and a resin coating that includes first and second polymer components. The coated carrier particles exhibit stable triboelectric charging during aging, decreased coating hardness, higher coating coverage, and an improved resilience to toner impaction.

Abstract: Use of a wax in a toner, such as carnauba wax, to give an increase in charge control agent in a toner, such as a magenta toner, to give an increased glass transition temperature is disclosed. The toner may contain a resin comprising amorphous and crystalline polyesters to provide good low melt characteristics.

Abstract: A process of preparing spherical nano-sized core/shell silica particles, including providing a latex polymer dispersion comprising particles of a liquid dispersible starting polymer in a dispersion liquid, adding at least one functionalized monomer to the latex polymer dispersion and polymerizing the at least one functionalized monomer on the particles, and growing an outer silicate shell on the particles through addition and reaction of at least one silane monomer.

Abstract: Carrier particles comprise a core and a polymer coating that comprises a mixture of polymethyl methacrlyate (PMMA) and melamine. The coating compositions comprise from about 60 to about 80 percent by weight of PMMA and from about 20 to about 40 percent by weight of melamine. The carriers may be combined with a toner to provide a developer suitable for use in an electrostatographic process. Carriers comprising the PMMA/melamine coatings exhibit increased triboelectric charging, a more conductive carrier, and also contribute to reducing toner cohesion.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core, and thereover a polymer coating containing antimony tin oxide with an average diameter of from about 5 to about 90 nanometers.

Abstract: A developing member is provided which is capable of forming a high-quality image by simultaneously solving the problem of fogging in a high temperature and high humidity environment and the problem of ghosts in a low temperature and low humidity environment. The developing member includes a mandrel and a resin layer formed on the periphery of the mandrel, and has an outermost surface layer containing a non-reactive silicone compound. The non-reactive silicone compound satisfies the following requirements: (A) a copolymer of silicone and polyoxyethylene; (B) a specific gravity (25° C.) d of 0.99?d?1.03; and (C) a solubility in water (25° C.) of less than 0.1% by mass.

Abstract: This invention provides metal oxide particles surface-treated with a hydrophobicity-imparting agent, methods of making such, and toner compositions comprising the same.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming method is disclosed. The method includes steps of conveying a developer comprising a toner to a developing zone by a developing roller, and developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrying member by the developer, and the developing roller has an electroconductive shaft and a resin layer provided around the shaft, the resin layer comprises a surface layer containing silicone copolymer resin as the principal component and a layer containing resin-silica hybrid composite as a principal component provided directly under the surface layer.

Abstract: An objective is to provide a highly durable carrier for a developer which is capable of forming a high-definition image stably with no deterioration of a developing property since the carrier resistance and the charging ability remain stable even though the developer is used for a long duration; a method of manufacturing the carrier; and an image forming method employing the same. Disclosed is an electrophotographic carrier comprising a carrier core material and provided thereon, a resin-coated layer comprising charge control particles and low-resistive particles, wherein an initial carrier resistance is 5×108-3×1010 ?cm; a concentration of the low-resistive particles grows higher toward a surface of the layer from an inner part of the layer; and a concentration of the charge control particles grows lower toward a surface of the layer from an inner part of the layer.

Abstract: A method to form an image using a trickle developing system, wherein (a) the toner comprises colorant particles with a volume median diameter of 3 to 8 ?m having first inorganic particles on surfaces of the colorant particles to form toner particles; (b) the carrier comprises magnetic particles with a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 20 to 40 ?m having second inorganic particles on surfaces of the magnetic particles to form carrier particles; and (c) an area ratio of element (A) based on a total area of surfaces of the carrier particles is 0.5 to 3.0 area % determined by using an X-ray analysis, provided that element (A) represents one or more elements commonly contained in the first inorganic particles and in the second inorganic particles.

Abstract: A carrier contained in a two component developer used for an image formation method of forming a color image by sequentially transferring multiple color toner images, wherein the carrier resistance R1 of a carrier in a developer, with which a toner image is transferred first, is adjusted to be less than the carrier resistances R2 to Rn (“n” represents a total color number of toners which form images, n?2) of the carrier in two component developers for each color, which are transferred thereafter. The carrier resistances R1 to Rn of each carrier are adjusted as follows: R1<R2< . . . <Rn according to the order of toner images to be transferred.

Abstract: A carrier for electrostatic development contains a core particle and a coating layer covering the core particle, and the core particle is a ferrite particle containing at least one of Zr in an amount of 0.005% by mass to 5% by mass and Bi in an amount of 0.001% by mass to 1% by mass. The carrier shows a sufficient resistance, is stably charged over a long period of time, can avoid roughness and irregular density in halftone images, prevents deposition of the carrier particles on a photoconductor, can satisfactorily reproduce character images and can produce high-quality images over a long period of time. The carrier is usable for constituting a developer, a container housing the developer, an image forming apparatus and process, and process cartridge using the developer.

Abstract: Carrier comprised of a core, a polymer coating, and wherein said coating contains a conductive polypyrrole contained in a carbon black matrix; or a polyaniline contained in a carbon black matrix.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming method including: a charging step; an electrostatic latent image forming step; a developing step; a transfer step; a fixing step; and a cleaning step, wherein an electrostatic latent image developing agent comprises a toner and a carrier, wherein particles which have a volume resistivity of at least 1×1014 ?cm and an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm or less has a higher covering ratio than other particles on the toner particle surfaces, a shape factor SF1 of the toner is in the range of from 100 to 140, the carrier is a resin coated carrier, and at least a coating resin layer comprises a positively charging resin and a quaternary ammonium salt compound.

Abstract: A carrier for electrostatic development contains a core particle and a coating layer covering the core particle, and the core particle is a ferrite particle containing at least one of Zr in an amount of 0.005% by mass to 5% by mass and Bi in an amount of 0.001% by mass to 1% by mass. The carrier shows a sufficient resistance, is stably charged over a long period of time, can avoid roughness and irregular density in halftone images, prevents deposition of the carrier particles on a photoconductor, can satisfactorily reproduce character images and can produce high-quality images over a long period of time. The carrier is usable for constituting a developer, a container housing the developer, an image forming apparatus and process, and process cartridge using the developer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member having a surface on which an electrostatic latent image is to be formed; a black developing device, containing a black developer including toner and carrier, for developing the electrostatic latent image; at least one color developing device containing a color developer having a color other than black; a supplying device, provided for each of the black developing device and the color developing device, for supplying a supply material containing toner and carrier; a discharging device for discharging the developer. A resistivity of the carrier contained in the black developer is higher than resistivity of the carrier contained in the color developer, and a weight percentage of the carrier contained in the supply material for the black developing device is higher than a weight percentage of the carrier contained in the supply material for the color developing device.

Abstract: The invention provides a toner comprising a binder resin, a colorant, and a charge control agent comprising a charge control substance supported by an inorganic porous material, and having been subjected to thermal fairing treatment. Also disclosed are a toner obtained by a process comprising the steps of: kneading a composition containing a binder resin, a colorant and a charge control agent comprising an ionic or neutral substance supported by an inorganic porous material; pulverizing the kneaded product; adding the pulverized product to a solvent immiscible with water; dispersing the mixture in an aqueous medium; and removing the solvent by at least one of heating and pressure reduction, and a toner comprising associated particles formed from: primary particles obtained from an emulsion of a binder resin; a colorant; and a charge control agent comprising a water soluble charge control substance incorporated in inorganic fine particles.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image on an image-bearing member is developed with a two-component developer comprising a toner and a carrier stored in a developer vessel while supplying as required a replenishing developer to the developer vessel. The replenishing developer comprises 1 wt. part of a carrier and 2-50 wt. parts of a toner, wherein the carrier is a magnetic fine particle-dispersed resin carrier comprising at least inorganic compound particles and a carrier binder resin, and the toner has a weight-average particle size of 3 to 10 ?m and contains 1 to 40 wt. % of solid wax.

Abstract: In a full-color image-forming method having at least a charging step, a latent-image-forming step, a developing step of developing an electrostatic latent image by the use of a developer; a transfer step, and a fixing step, the developer comprises a plurality of color developers and a black developer. The color developers are each a two-component developer for full-color image formation which has i) a color toner having color toner particles containing at least a binder resin, a colorant and a wax and ii) a carrier for the color developer. The black developer is a two-component developer for full-color image formation which has i) a black toner having black toner particles containing at least a binder resin, carbon black and a wax and ii) a carrier for the black developer. The carrier for the black developer has a larger absolute value of charge quantity when the same toner is used, than the respective carriers for the color developers.

Abstract: In a developing assembly including a two-component developer container and a developer-carrying member, the developer-carrying member has at least a substrate and a resin coat layer formed on the substrate surface, and the resin-coat layer contains at least a binder resin and solid particles for making the resin-coat-layer surface uneven. The solid particles have an average circularity of 0.64 or more, which is the average value of the values calculated according to the equation Circularity=(4×A)/{(ML)2×?}, (wherein ML represents the Pythagorean-method maximum length of a particle projected image, and A represents the projected area of a particle image), and the resin-coat layer has a surface roughness fulfilling specific conditions attributable to the solid particles. Also disclosed are an image-forming apparatus and a process cartridge which employ the developing assembly.

Abstract: A carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising carrier particles, each carrier particle having at least one surface-coating layer by resin material, wherein the surface-coating layer containing an acrylic resin and a silicone resin, the acrylic resin is in an amount ranging 10 to 90 wt. % based on the total amount of resin coating ingredients. The carrier shows no accumulation of toner-spents, therefore can obtain a stable electric charge, and has no layer scraping in binder resin layer, therefore can obtain a stable electric resistance, hence occurs no deterioration of images reproduced, by using acrylic resin having high anti-abrasive and high surface energy, whereas it has strong adhesiveness and high fragility, in combination use of silicone resin having poor anti-abrasive and small adhesiveness but has low fragility, thus is hard to cause a toner spent and hard to integrate the spent constituents due to its low surface energy.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for non-interactive, dry powder development of electrostatic images includes an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image; two component developer comprising toner and permanently magnetized thickly coated carrier beads, the coated carrier beads having magnetizable core radius r, average radius a, and magnetization Mb, with the ratio r/a being given as K; a developer transporting member having a thickness t for transporting a developer layer of the two component developer, wherein the layer is spaced close to and out of contact with the image bearing member, a multipole magnet member disposed in close proximity to the transporting member and moving relative to it so as to sweep poles across its surface, the magnet member having a periodic magnetization of spatial frequency k and a peak magnetization M0 wherein Mb, t, k, and M0, are chosen such that Mb is sufficiently large to prevent the escape of developer, a quantity C in the equation C = 2.

Abstract: Carrier comprised of a mixture of a first carrier and a second carrier, and wherein the first carrier is comprised of a steel core and the second carrier is comprised of a magnetite.

Abstract: A developer composition having improved noise signal ratio in an optical toner concentration sensing system, including a toner having a first diffuse reflectivity and a carrier having a second diffuse reflectivity wherein the difference between the first diffuse reflectivity and the second diffuse reflectivity is substantially high.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core and thereover a polymer coating, and which coating is generated by the emulsion polymerization of one or more monomers and a surfactant, and wherein said polymer coating is of a diameter of equal to or less than about 100 nanometers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for non-interactive, dry powder development of electrostatic images includes an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image; two component developer comprising toner and permanently magnetized thickly coated carrier beads, the coated carrier beads having magnetizable core radius r, average radius a, and magnetization Mb, with the ratio r/a being given as K; a developer transporting member having a thickness t for transporting a developer layer of the two component developer, wherein the layer is spaced close to and out of contact with the image bearing member, a multipole magnet member disposed in close proximity to the transporting member and moving relative to it so as to sweep poles across its surface, the magnet member having a periodic magnetization of spatial frequency k and a peak magnetization M0 wherein Mb, t, k, and M0, are chosen such that Mb is sufficiently large to prevent the escape of developer, a quantity C in the equation 1 C = 2.

Abstract: A development system having a magnetic developer material that features novel coated carrier particles. In embodiments of the invention, the coated carrier particles incorporate a coating of sufficiently resilient characteristic so as to maintain the encapsulation of the respective carrier core while withstanding the mechanical action of a development material stripping device which would otherwise cause fragmentation of the carrier particles. Preferably, the carrier coating is of a sufficiently thick and/or a resilient nature such that the desired encapsulation is maintained.

Abstract: An image formation method which remarkably extends developer life while providing size reduction and high speed coloring. Also, a replenishing toner and a method of producing the same, and a toner cartridge. In the image formation method, conducting image formation by an image formation apparatus having a plurality of xerography units, the developer apparatus of at least one xerography unit has a developer recovering mechanism appropriately replenishing a replenishing toner composed of a toner and a carrier into the developer apparatus and recovering an excess portion of a developer from the equipment. The above-mentioned replenishing toner has a carrier content in the range of 5 to 40% by weight, the above-mentioned carrier is a carrier coated with a resin having a specific composition, and/or the above-mentioned toner is in a specific shape. The replenishing toner may be produced using the above-mentioned recovered developer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a universal carrier for a two-component developer comprising a carrier base component and a carrier preaging component that comprises at least one toner resin and/or at least one surface additive, the carrier base component being present in the form of at least partially abraded particles and part of the carrier preaging component adhering to the outside surfaces of the particles of the carrier base component and part of the carrier preaging component being contained in surface depressions of the particles of the carrier base component. Compositions comprising the inventive universal carrier and usual toners yield a two-component developer that requires no toner-specific preaging but can be used directly in the printer.

Abstract: A resin-coated carrier to be mixed with a polymer toner obtained by suspension polymerization or emulsion polymerization to provide an electrophotographic developer, which exposes 2 to 20% of the surface area of the core thereof, the average exposed area ratio per exposed part of the core being 0.03% or less.

Abstract: A carrier for the development of an electrostatic latent image, comprising a core material and a resin coating the core material therewith, wherein the coating resin comprises a copolymer of at least four kinds of monomers including: (1) a monomer containing a carboxyl group; (2) an acrylic acid alkylester monomer or methacrylic acid alkylester monomer, containing a C1-C3 linear alkyl group; (3) an acrylic acid alkylester monomer or methacrylic acid alkylester monomer, containing a C4-C10 linear alkyl group or C3-C10 branched alkyl group; and (4) a monomer containing fluorine. Also disclosed is a two-component developer for the development of an electrostatic latent image, comprising a toner and the carrier.

Abstract: A carrier for a two-component developer for developing a latent electrostatic image is composed of carrier particles, each of the carrier particles having a core particle and a coating layer provided on the surface of the core particle, with the coating layer containing an amino-group-containing modified silicone resin. A two-component developer is composed of a toner and the above-mentioned carrier.

Abstract: A carrier comprised of a core and thereover a polymer coating, and which coating is generated by the emulsion polymerization of one or more monomers and a surfactant, and wherein said polymer coating is of a diameter of equal to or less than about 100 nanometers.

Abstract: A carrier for use with a toner as a two-component type developer for developing an electrostatic image, comprising spherical magnetic core particles, and a resin layer covering each of said core particles and containing at least two resistance controlling materials having different specific resistances, wherein each of the resistance controlling materials is in the form of particles having a number average particle diameter of no more than {fraction (1/10)} of a number average particle diameter of the toner.

Abstract: A carrier for an image developer for electrophotography, including core particles, and a coating layer covering each of the core particles, wherein the core particles have a weight average particle diameter of Dv which is 25-45 &mgr;m and a number average particle diameter of Dp which meets with the following condition:

Abstract: A carrier for electrophotographic developer comprising carrier particles, each carrier particle having at least one surface-coating layer by resin material, wherein the surface-coating layer containing an acrylic resin and a silicone resin, the acrylic resin is in an amount ranging 10 to 90 wt. % based on the total amount of resin coating ingredients. The carrier shows no accumulation of toner-spents, therefore can obtain a stable electric charge, and has no layer scraping in binder resin layer, therefore can obtain a stable electric resistance, hence occurs no deterioration of images reproduced, by using acrylic resin having high anti-abrasive and high surface energy, whereas it has strong adhesiveness and high fragility, in combination use of silicone resin having poor anti-abrasive and small adhesiveness but has low fragility, thus is hard to cause a toner spent and hard to integrate the spent constituents due to its low surface energy.

Abstract: A developer for a trickle developing method is used in formation of a full color image and is made of a mixture of a toner and a carrier. The toner contains inorganic fine particles as an internal additive and an external additive, a volume average particle diameter D50v of the toner is between 5.0 and 9.0 &mgr;m, a true specific gravity of the carrier is between 3.00 and 4.60, a volume average particle diameter of the carrier is between 15 and 60 &mgr;m, and the ratio of the volume average particle diameter of the carrier to the volume average particle diameter of the toner is between 3.00 and 7.00, and an image forming method using the developer.

Abstract: A carrier is composed of carrier particles, each carrier particle having a core particle containing at least a magnetic material and a surface coating layer provided on the core particle containing at least a resin, the surface coating layer being constituted of a plurality of regions, the regions being separately formed and joined together to form a complex configuration, and having different phase lags when the surface coating layer is subjected to scanning by phase imaging measurement using a scanning probe microscope in a tapping mode, wherein a region having a phase lag over the average phase lag obtained from Eavg=&Sgr;(E(i)·S(i))/&Sgr;S(i) has an area SO, and SO and &Sgr;S(i) are in a relationship of 10%≦SO/&Sgr;S(i)×100≦90% when each region comprises a component A(i) having an area S(i) and a phase lag E(i), in which i represents the number of regions with different phase lags. A two-component developer employs the above-mentioned carrier.

Abstract: A process which comprises mixing a carrier core with a polymer core and polymer shell and wherein the polymer shell is present as a coating on said core and said polymer core, wherein said polymer core is generated by emulsification of and heating of monomer forming a seed latex; adding a portion of said seed latex to said emulsification mixture, followed by heating and adding another second portion of said seed latex; and wherein said shell is generated by emulsion polymerization of a monomer, followed by heating.

Abstract: Carrier comprised of a core, a number of the pores thereof containing a polymer, and thereover a coating.

Abstract: An electrographic, two-component dry developer composition comprising charged toner particles and oppositely charged carrier particles which (a) includes: a soft magnetic material exhibiting a coercivity of less than 300 gauss when magnetically saturated and (b) exhibit an induced magnetic moment of less than 20 EMU/gm of carrier when in an applied field of 1000 gauss; and a hard magnetic material exhibiting a coercivity of at least 300 gauss when magnetically saturated and (b) exhibit an induced magnetic moment of at least 20 EMU/gm of carrier when in an applied field of 1000 gauss.

Abstract: A toner is comprised of toner particles composed of at least a binder resin and a clorant, wherein the toner particles each have a coating layer formed on their surfaces in a state of particulate matters being stuck to one another. The particulate matters contains at least a silicon compound.

Abstract: A method for coating carrier particles wherein the carrier particles are stirred mechanically and wherein the volume of the coating solution is in the same order of magnitude as the volume of the carrier particles to be coated.

Abstract: A two-component developer comprises a toner which contains at least a resin and a colorant and to which an external additive is added, and a carrier. The toner has a number average molecular weight (Mn) not greater than 3,000 and contains particles having a molecular weight not greater than 1,000 in an amount not less than 40 number %. The carrier satisfies the relation 3,000,000≦&sgr;1000×Dc3≦20,000,00  (1) where &sgr;1000 represents a magnetization (emu/g) of the carrier at 1,000 oersted, and Dc represents a volume average particle diameter (&mgr;m) of the carrier.