Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor abuts against a charging member and/or a developer carrying member with an abutting member therebetween, has a first portion and a second portion abutting against the abutting member along the longitudinal direction of the photoreceptor, and includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a surface layer in this order. The first portion includes an undercoat layer containing a polymer of a composition containing an electron transport material and a crosslinking agent and being contiguous with the surface of the charge generating layer facing the support. The second portion includes (i) an intermediate layer being disposed between and being contiguous with the support and the charge generating layer and/or (ii) an intermediate layer being disposed between and being contiguous with the charge generating layer and the surface layer, wherein the intermediate layers each have a Martens hardness of 500 N/mm2 or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that abuts with a charging member and/or a developer carrying member with an abutting member interposed therebetween, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a first portion and a second portion abutting with the abutting member along the longitudinal direction thereof, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generating material and a polyacetal resin, and a surface layer in this order, the electrophotographic photosensitive member has, in the first portion, an undercoat layer containing a polymerized product of a composition including an electron transporting material and a cross-linking agent, the layer being adjacent to a surface of the charge generation layer, facing the support, and the electrophotographic photosensitive member has, in the second portion, an intermediate layer containing a metal oxide particle and a phenol resin, the layer being between and adjacent to the sup

Abstract: A liquid developer that comprises a colorant and a liquid for dispersing the colorant and serves to develop the latent image by causing the colorant to adhere to the latent image on the latent image carrier. The liquid comprises a first liquid comprising a photocurable liquid and a second liquid that is not mutually soluble with the photocurable liquid and comprises a liquid with a specific resistance higher than that of the photocurable liquid.

Abstract: A recording paper including a substrate which includes cellulose pulp and has a surface treated with a surface sizing solution, wherein the surface sizing solution contains a surface sizing agent and a nonionic surfactant having an HLB in a range of 6 to 13, a content of the nonionic surfactant is in a range of 1 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the surface sizing agent, and the surface sizing agent has a contact angle with water in a range of 40 to 75°.