Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive composition containing (A) a photoreactive material, (B) an epoxy compound having an average epoxy equivalent of 230 g/eq. or less and having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule thereof, and (C) a thiol group-containing compound, which is used for forming a recording layer which records information using holography. In the photosensitive composition, preferably, (B) the epoxy compound reacts with (C) the thiol group-containing compound to form a polymerized product. The present invention also provides an optical recording medium having a recording layer formed of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for storing holographic data comprising providing a holographic storage medium comprising an optically transparent substrate including a photochemically active dye having at least two nitrone groups; and irradiating the optically transparent substrate with a holographic interference pattern, wherein the pattern has a first wavelength and an intensity both sufficient to convert, within a volume element of the substrate, at least some of the photochemically active dye into a photo-product, and producing within the irradiated volume element concentration variations of the photo-product corresponding to the holographic interference pattern, thereby producing a first optically readable datum corresponding to the volume element.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical system to control and optimize molecular reorientation for information storage. A preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes light sources emitting at wavelengths centered on or around the absorption bands of the storage medium. The light can be selectively polarized to control orientation of molecular components of organic material to provide non-volatile storage of large amounts of information. This provides an alternative to magnetic, electric, magneto-optical, or electro-optical methods which are complex and expensive. The all-optical holographic method in accordance with the present invention provides a storage system with extremely high memory capacity. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a system for optically storing and retrieving data includes optically recording (writing) and retrieving (reading) with the same wavelength beam, for example, without additional conditions such as an electric or magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention relates to an edge-lit slab waveguide equipped with a slanted anisotropic holographic layer, which couples out linearly polarized light. The invention further relates a new slanted anisotropic holographic layer suitable for use on the waveguide according to the invention, to a method to prepare such layer, and devices comprising the waveguide according to the invention.

Abstract: The sensitivity, diffraction efficiency, etc. of hologram recording materials is improved. Disclosed is a resin composition for a hologram recording material, the resin composition comprising: a photosensitive component comprising (a) a monomer having a vinyloxy group, (b) a compound having a (meth)acryloxy group, and (c) a photopolymerization initiator; and a prepolymer component, wherein the component (a) is designed so as to be relatively higher or lower in refractive index than the prepolymer component.

Abstract: In the present invention, a photosensitive layer of an optical recording medium includes a photo-responsive high-molecular compound comprising a photo-responsive group (e.g., an azobenzene derivative) which is geometrically isomerized by light radiation, and a liquid crystal linear mesogen group (e.g., a biphenyl derivative), wherein the photo-responsive group and the linear mesogen group are respectively bonded as side chains. The invention provides an optical recording medium enabling large scale recording by making the photosensitive layer thick without impairing recording characteristics. The photo-responsive high-molecular compound preferably comprises an aromatic ring on a main chain. Further, the photo-responsive high-molecular compound preferably comprises a structural unit which is capable of forming a liquid-crystalline or crystalline polymer and a structural unit which is capable of forming an amorphous polymer.

Abstract: A holographic mask includes a plurality of pixels each imparting a calculated phase and/or amplitude change to the projection beam to provide an image that is parallel to the mask. The holographic mask is used displaced from the best object plane of the projection lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a holographic recording medium and methods of manufacturing the holographic recording medium. The example of the medium has a recording layer containing a three dimensionally cross-linked polymer matrix including an epoxy resin, a radically polymerizable monomer, and a photo radical polymerization initiator. The radically polymerizable monomer comprises both N-vinylcarbazole (VC) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) or N-vinylcarbazole alone. The weight ratio of N-vinylcarbazole (VC) to the sum of N-vinylcarbazole (VC) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), i.e., (VC/(VC+VP)), is not smaller than 0.75 and not larger than 1.0.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated member with an recorded information code, having a high reading accuracy, which do not detract from product design and which do not require a special reading apparatus. A laminated member 10 of the present invention comprises a transparent material layer 12 on which an information code is recorded, and a reflection-reduction layer 14 provided at the opposite side from a side where the information code is observed. The transparent layer 12 comprises low-reflectance portions 18 and high-reflectance portions 16 having a higher reflectance than the low-reflectance portions 18. The information code is recorded as a distributed pattern of the high-reflectance portions 16. The reflection-reduction layer 14 reduces reflected light advancing to the transparent material layer 12.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium is provided, which includes a recording layer. The recording layer comprises a radical polymeric monomer having an aromatic ring-containing group and a polymeric group, a polymer matrix having the aromatic ring-containing group, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a volume phase hologram recording material excellent in transparency, sensitivity, low curing shrinkage, and transparency, a volume phase hologram recording medium, and a volume phase hologram. A photosensitive resin composition for volume phase hologram recording contains a low-molecular-weight solvent-soluble aromatic copolymer (A) having a structural unit of a divinyl aromatic compound and a structural unit of a monovinyl aromatic compound, a photoradical polymerizable compound (B) which is copolymerizable with the soluble aromatic copolymer (A), and a photopolymerization initiator (C) as essential components. The photosensitive resin composition further contains, one kind or more of a polymer binder (D) and a plasticizer (E), and the soluble aromatic copolymer (A) is incorporated in an amount of 5 to 60% by weight.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium includes: a recording layer in which is recordable an interference pattern formed by interference of a plurality of laser beams; a pair of substrates between which is arranged the recording layer; and a spacer positioned between the substrates so as to cover an outer perimetrical surface of the recording layer. Each substrate and the spacer have mating faces at which the substrate and the spacer are interengageable and bonded together with an adhesive agent. A cross-sectionally recessed portion is formed in the mating face of one of the substrate and the spacer, whereas a corresponding cross-sectionally protruding portion is formed on the mating face of the other one of the spacer and the substrate, allowing one mating face to be fitted into another.

Abstract: Disclosed is a holographic optical recording medium, comprising a recording layer containing a three dimensionally cross-linked polymer matrix, a radically polymerizable compound, and a photo radical polymerization initiator, the three dimensionally cross-linked polymer matrix comprising a cured material of a reaction product between a diglycidyl ether and an amine, the diglycidyl ether being selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether and diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.

Abstract: The main object is to provide a volume hologram transfer foil showing an excellent foil cutting property and capable of being transferred easily to a transferred body. This object is solved by providing a volume hologram transfer foil comprising a substrate, a volume hologram layer formed on the substrate and a heat sensitive adhesive layer formed on the volume hologram layer, wherein the volume hologram layer has a breaking strain at 25° C. in a range of 0.5% to 15% and a breaking strain at 120° C. in a range of 0.5% to 30%, and the heat sensitive adhesive layer has a breaking strain at 25° C. in a range of 0.5% to 15%.

Abstract: Photosensitizing dyes are often used in conjunction with a photoacid generator in holographic recording media. Conventional photosensitizing dyes typically are limited by having an appreciable absorption of light when used in a sufficient concentration, such that the intensity of light decreases significantly with penetration into a recording medium. The present invention discloses a number of new 5-alkynyl substituted napthacene photosensitizing dyes that have low extinction coefficients coupled with good sensitizing properties, such that the problems associated with the photosensitizing dyes absorbing light are significantly reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a holographic display whereby a holographic image may be viewed. Existing holographic optical element (HOE) arrays are typically recorded as a two dimensional array. Each element in the array modulates the intensity of light that is transmitted through or off it. Each HOE in a simple HOE array auto-stereogram performs only one optical function, namely to redirect light to a particular viewing location in space. The process of producing HOE arrays was limited in a number of respects. The invention overcomes these limitations by providing an intensity modulated holographic optical element array, comprising: an holographic optical element (12) adapted to modify the direction of light reflected from elements in the array; and a means (18) for modulating the intensity of the reflected light. A method of producing an intensity modulated holographic optical element array is also described. The invention may also be used in transmissive holograms.

Abstract: The hologram recording sheet according to the invention is made up of a base film and hologram sensitive materials sensitive to different wavelength regions formed therein in a desired pattern, or a film and at least two hologram recording sensitive materials sensitive to different wavelength regions laminated on the film with a transparent plastic spacer layer located therebetween, thereby enabling the required diffraction light wavelengths to be recorded on the required sites without producing unnecessary interference fringes. At least two hologram recording sensitive materials sensitive to different wavelength regions are formed on different sites on a film in dotted or striped configuration, the size of which is up to 200 mm or at least twice as large as the thickness of the sensitive material layers, thereby enabling regions diffracting light of different wavelengths to be formed in the form of independent sets of interference fringes.

Abstract: A method of defining patterns in a small pitch is described. A substrate having a target layer thereon is provided, and two laterally separate reflective structures with two opposite sidewalls are formed over the target layer. A photoresist layer is formed over the target layer between the two opposite sidewalls. An exposure step is performed allowing light to be reflected by the two opposite sidewalls in the lateral direction, wherein the two opposite sidewalls are spaced by a distance to cause the reflected light to produce a periodical intensity distribution in the photoresist layer in the lateral direction.

Abstract: A method of forming a security device comprises: a) providing an undeveloped photoresist layer on an electrically conductive layer; b) forming a first diffractive pattern in the undeveloped photoresist layer using optical-interferometry; c) forming a second diffractive pattern in the undeveloped photoresist layer using electron beam lithography; and d) thereafter developing the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A major object of the present invention is to provide a volume hologram transfer foil that gives a volume hologram laminate higher in antiforgery function, The present invention achieves the object by providing a volume hologram transfer foil comprising: a substrate, a volume hologram layer carrying a recorded volume hologram that is formed on the substrate, and an image forming layer carrying a formed image and a heat seal layer containing a thermoplastic resin that are formed on the volume hologram layer, and comprising no reflective layer having a function to reflect light.

Abstract: Noise caused by scattering of an information beam and a recording and reproducing reference beam within an optical information recording medium is reduced and reliability of recording and reproduction is enhanced A substrate 11, a hologram recording layer 15 that records an interference pattern formed by a first wavelength beam 2, a wavelength selecting reflection layer 14 provided between the substrate and the hologram recording layer that reflects the first wavelength beam 2 and transmits a second wavelength beam 3, a beam absorbing layer 13 provided between the substrate and the wavelength selecting reflection layer that absorbs the first wavelength beam, and an information layer 12 provided between the substrate and the light absorbing layer in which information is recorded and reproduced by the second wavelength beam are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a holographic screen having high durability and high diffraction efficiency due to a modulated refractive index structure having a large refractive index change ?n. The holographic screen includes a diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer (22). The DLC layer has a modulated refractive index structure including a plurality of regions with a relatively high refractive index (n1) and a plurality of regions with a relatively low refractive index (n2) such that light projected from a projector onto the screen is deflected in the direction toward a observer and light coming from an object behind the screen is allowed to pass through the screen to travel toward the observer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyurethane compositions which cure by radiation and thermal action with crosslinking, and use thereof for the production of holographic media. The polyurethane compositions of the invention comprise A) one or more iminooxadiazinedione-group-containing polyisocyanates, B) one or more polyfunctional, isocyanate-reactive compounds, C) one or more compounds having groups which on exposure to actinic radiation with ethylenically unsaturated compounds with polymerization (radiation-curing groups), D) optionally one or more free radical stabilizers and E) one or more photoinitiators.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyurethane systems which cure by radiation and thermal action with crosslinking, and use thereof for the production of holographic media. The polyurethane compositions of the invention comprise A) polyisocyanates, B) polyols, comprising at least one poly(?-caprolactone)polyester polyol, C) compounds having groups which react on exposure to actinic radiation with ethylenically unsaturated compounds with polymerization (radiation-curing groups), D) optionally free radical stabilizers and E) photoinitiators.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording composition comprising a radical polymerizable monomer having a wavelength ?1 nm within an absorption spectrum ranging from 200 to 1,000 nm, the radical polymerizable monomer exhibiting a molar absorbance coefficient of equal to or greater than 5,000 mole·1·cm?1 at the wavelength ?1 nm, a titanocene radical polymerization initiator, a polyfunctional isocyanate, and a polyfunctional alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which can modulate its refractive index effectively with visible light laser and is excellent also in transparency after this modulation.

Abstract: A hologram recording medium includes a support substrate, a hologram recording material layer, a transparent gel layer, and a protective substrate. The transparent gel layer is formed of a resin material gelated by cross-linking, or more specifically, such as gelated silicone cross-linked by hydrosilylation or gelated polyurethane cross-linked by polyaddition of isocyanic ester to alcohol. The transparent gel layer serves as a filler to compensate for variations in thickness of the hologram recording material layer. The transparent gel layer fills those gaps occurring between the recording material layer of the hologram recording medium and the adjacent substrate, without having adverse effects on the recording characteristics, in a manner that allows for controlling the refractive index.

Abstract: A volume-phase reflection hologram optical element is fabricated by exposing a hologram photosensitive material to two coherent light beams. One exposure light beam has an axis-asymmetric wavefront, and the other exposure light beam has focus points different in the optical axis direction (Z-direction) between on a plane (ZX-plane) including one of two directions (X- and Y-directions) mutually perpendicular on a sectional plane perpendicular to that light beam and on a plane (YZ-plane) including the other of those two directions. Thus, an image display apparatus is realized in which at the time of reproduction, the component of a predetermined wavelength of the image light diffraction-reflected by the hologram optical element is focused at positions different in the optical axis direction between on the ZX-plane and on the YZ-plane, offering different image viewing characteristics between in the X- and Y-directions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lengthy volume hologram layer transfer foil capable of transferring a volume hologram layer continuously to a specified position of a transfer-receiving member. The above problem can be solved by a lengthy volume hologram layer transfer foil according to the present invention, the transfer foil is formed lengthwise and comprises: a substrate, a volume hologram layer which is formed on the substrate and in which a volume hologram is recorded, and a heat seal layer which is formed on the volume hologram layer and which contains a thermoplastic resin, the transfer foil being characterized in that it is provided with a cut portion formed so as to penetrate through the heat seal layer and to cut at least a part of the volume hologram layer, on at least a part of the full width in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A rotary apertured interferometric lithography (RAIL) system that includes interferometric lithography tools, a mask with a slit preferably with an arc shape, and a rotating stage is disclosed. The RAIL system could create a servo pattern of a recording-head trajectory of a hard disk drive in a master for magnetic-contact printing. The master can could be used to form arrays of sub-micron sized magnetic elements on a magnetic disk media for high-density magnetic recording applications.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium with a plurality of layers including a recording layer, on which are recorded interference patterns generated by interference of information light and reference light. The recording layer is attached to at least one adjacent layer with adhesive.

Abstract: Photochromic monomers and methods for preparing these photochromic monomers, photochromic polymers based on these photochromic monomers and methods for preparing these photochromic polymers, as well as the use of these photochromic polymers in a polymer binder as a two-photon recording medium for an optical 3D memory and photoswitches of optical signals are disclosed. The materials exhibit thermally irreversible photochromic transformations and other properties enabling the use of the photochromic polymers in an optical two-photon read/write memory.

Abstract: Producing a digital hologram-in a storage medium includes: (i) focusing a write beam onto the storage medium; (ii) moving the write beam two-dimensionally relative to the storage medium; (iii) focusing a scanning beam onto a beam-guiding mask having a plurality of tracks; (iv) moving the scanning beam two-dimensionally relative to the mask, the movement of the scanning beam being coupled with the movement of the write beam; (v) generating a position control signal when the position of the scanning beam deviates from the scanned track by a predefined value; (vi) controlling the position of the write beam on the storage medium with the aid of the position control signal; and (vii) writing the hologram by introducing radiation energy point by point, the intensity of the write beam being controlled as a function of the position of the write beam on the storage medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and attains high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, durability, low shrinkage and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser; a process for producing the same; and a hologram recording medium having the hologram recording material. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide containing at least Si and Zr as metals, wherein an aromatic carboxylic acid compound is coordinated to Zr; and a photopolymerizable compound. The aromatic carboxylic acid compound is, for example, toluic acid. A hologram recording medium (11) comprising the hologram recording material layer (21).

Abstract: The invention relates to an autostereoscopic projection arrangement, comprising at least one projector (4) and at least one filter array (F1, F2), which has a multitude of filter elements arranged in columns and rows, in which arrangement bits of partial information from views of a scene or object are projected by the projector/the projectors (4) onto a projection screen (3), where these bits of partial information are rendered on image rendering elements and, having passed one or several of the filter arrays (F1, F2), are made visible to at least one observer (5), and in which, as regards the propagation direction of the bits of partial information, the image rendering elements correspond with correlated filter elements in such a way that an observer (5) will see predominantly bits of partial information from a first selection of views with one eye and predominantly bits of partial information from a second selection of views with the other eye, and thus will have a spatial impression.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical recording composition and a holographic recording medium comprising a recording layer formed with the optical recording composition. The optical recording composition comprises a bicyclic cyclopropane derivative denoted by General Formula (1). In General Formula (I), R1 denotes an alkylene group or arylene group, R2 denotes an alkyl group, aryl group, or heterocyclic group, X denotes a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of —COO—, —CONH—, —OCO—, —NH—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO2—, —SO3—, and —SO2NH—, n and m each independently denote an integer ranging from 0 to 8, with n+m being an integer ranging from 0 to 8, Y denotes a divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of —CR3R4—, —O—, and —S—, R3 and R4 each independently denote a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, or aryloxycarbonyl group, r denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 4.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved holographic recording media and to related methods and apparatus for fabricating and reading holograms. A holographic recording medium comprising: a carrier; and a photosensitive recording layer carried by said carrier, and wherein said recording medium further comprises: an optical filter, said filter comprising a bandpass filter defining at least one optical transmission window for recording a hologram in said photosensitive recording layer.

Abstract: A host matrix—normally a binder such as cellulose acetate propionate in a solvent such as acetone—contains a radiation-polymerizable photopolymer—normally a monomer like dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate in combination with a crosslinker like 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, an initiator like N-phenyl glycine, and/or a photosensitizer like camphor quinine—that is initially uniformly doped with a stable dye—typically Rhodamine B and/or Bodipy Red—that photoinitiates photopolymerization. Upon selective exposure of certain regions of the matrix by radiation, most normally laser light radiation, the dye will initially migrate and redistribute itself to radiatively-exposed regions until, dye migration being substantially complete, photopolymerization will occur, locking the migrated dye in place at a relatively higher concentration at the selectively exposed regions. The dye therein stably located can be optically detected by, preferably, light-radiation-stimulated fluorescence.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hologram recording material which is suitable for volume hologram record and can attain high refractive index change, flexibility, high sensitivity, low scattering, environment resistance, that is, storage stability, durability, low dimensional change (low shrinkage) and high multiplicity in holographic memory record using not only a green laser but also a blue laser. A hologram recording material comprising: a metal oxide matrix; and a photopolymerizable compound which has at least one (meth)acrylamide group as a photo-reactive group, and has a polyalkylene glycol unit represented by the following formula: —(RO)n— wherein R represents a lower alkylene group, and n represents the number of repeating units of alkylene oxide.

Abstract: The aim of said invention is to principally simplify a production process for producing high-resolution images on a material sensitive to a used radiation and to substantially increase a resolution while forming the obtainable image. The inventive method consists in producing images on the sensitive material in the form of a plurality of summarised areas overlapping flashing exposure spots, wherein the irradiation dose is equal to or greater than a threshold value, in displacing, during exposing, radiator matrixes and/or the sensitive material in a direction parallel to sensitive material surface at a distance which is equal to or less than the maximum size (d) of the exposure spots by discretely modifying the size of the overlapping area, wherein said discrete is defined by a displacement path ranging from 0.01 to d.

Abstract: Methods of making volume phase holograms and/or making computer-generated holograms using silver ion-exchanged silicate glass articles that include a photo-darkenable-refractive (PDR) glass plate and/or a photo-bleachable-refractive (PBR) glass plate. In one embodiment, a method of forming a volume phase hologram includes the steps of making a PBR glass plate that has at least one photosensitive glass layer of a silver ion-exchanged holographic recording (SIHR) glass, and of exposing the photosensitive glass layer to the bleaching-light radiation of laser write beams, causing the volume phase hologram to form in the photosensitive glass layer of the PBR glass plate. The base glass composition of the SIHR glass has been ion-exchanged in an aqueous ion-exchange solution containing silver ions. The SIHR glass is then uniformly darkened with darkening-light radiation.

Abstract: Silicate glasses for storing holographic data and for producing computer-generated holograms, including photo-darkenable-refractive (PDR) and photo-bleachable-refractive (PBR) glasses. In one embodiment, a PBR glass plate contains a photosensitive glass layer of a silver ion-exchanged holographic recording (SIHR) glass, with a base glass composition that has been ion-exchanged in an aqueous ion-exchange solution containing silver ions. The SIHR glass is uniformly darkened with darkening-light radiation, causing a refractive index change in the photosensitive glass layer upon exposure to bleaching-light radiation without any post-exposure steps. In another embodiment, an optical information recording medium includes a PDR glass plate containing SIHR glass optimized for multiplex recording and for reproducing information, which utilizes holography with darkening-light radiation as recording beams.

Abstract: The present invention provides a holographic recording composition and a holographic recording medium comprising a recording layer formed with the holographic recording composition. The holographic recording composition comprises a bifunctional or greater isocyanate, a polyfunctional alcohol comprising a bifunctional alcohol and a trifunctional or greater alcohol, a titanocene-based radical polymerization initiator, a bifunctional or greater acrylate monomer, and an amidine salt denoted by General Formula (1). In General Formula (1), R1, R2, and R3 each independently denote an alkyl group, aryl group, amino group, or acyl group, R1 and R2 may be bonded together to form a ring, R2 and R3 may be bonded together to form a ring, and A? denotes an anion.

Abstract: A transferring method for transferring a hologram with stable quality including on-demand information by using a thermal transfer sheet where the hologram is laminated. The transferring method transfers a thermal transfer sheet in which a hologram or a diffraction grating is laminated on a base material film, wherein a direction of heating sequentially by a heat source of a minute area unit and a direction of recorded information for enhancing optical effects of the hologram or the diffraction grating coincide with each other.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition and A photosensitive medium for volume hologram recording comprises a photopolymerization reactive compound (a monomer) and any one of the following binder: (a) an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer obtainable by copolymerizing an organometallic compound of the formula 1 “R1mM1(OR2)n” and an ethylenic monomer and/or its hydrolyzed polycondensate; (b) an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer obtainable by copolymerizing an organometallic compound of the formula 3 “R4mSi(OR5)n” and an ethylenic monomer and/or its hydrolyzed polycondensate; and (c) a binder resin bonded to a metal or a combination use of a binder resin containing a hydroxyl group and/or carboxyl group and a metal chelate compound.

Abstract: A holographic sensor comprising a thin film polymer matrix that undergoes a change in response to a substance to be sensed, the matrix containing within its volume a set of two or more holographic recordings, each recording providing a holographic image when the sensor is illuminated, wherein the presence or appearance of each image is visible to the eye as a function of the response of the sensor to the substance to be sensed. The images provide the dynamic range of the sensor. Such a sensor can be used to provide a visible image that changes or appears to the eye in response to an analyte.

Abstract: A holographic data storage medium and a fabrication method thereof are provided. First, a precursor solution including an ultraviolet curable adhesive composition including a monomer having at least one (meth)acryloyl group in the molecule and an oligomer having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule, a photopolymerizable organic compound and a photoinitiator including 2, 4, 6 trimethyl benzoldiphenyl phosphine oxide is provided. Next, a first substrate and a second substrate are attached to one another such that a gap is formed between the first and second glass substrates. Next, the precursor solution is filled into the gap. Next, the precursor solution between the first and second substrates is irradiated with a light in an atmosphere of an inert gas to induce photo-polymerization reaction to form the recording layer.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element such as a diffuser, diffraction grating, and/or hologram, can be manufactured by using a surface relief pattern on a surface of a surface relief tool. A layer of curable material is physically contacted with the surface relief pattern on the surface of the surface relief tool to thereby imprint the pattern on a surface of the layer. Diffractive features are formed in the layer by propagating energy through the surface relief tool and into the layer such that refractive index variations corresponding to the pattern are created in the layer. The resultant product is a diffractive optical element comprising a layer of material having diffractive features formed by a predetermined pattern of refractive index variations. The diffractive features originate at an undulating boundary and extend only from one side of the boundary into the material. The undulating boundary has an undulating pattern that corresponds to the predetermined pattern of refractive index variations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a self supporting or substrate-supported film or layer of a photosensitive material comprising a water insoluble complex having one of the following sum formulae (I) to (IV) n [R—P—R?]ms+ m [T]n?? (I) or m [T]n?+ n [R—P—R?]m?? (II) n[R1—Q—R1?]m?+ m [T]n?? (III) or an [T]n?+ n [R1—Q—R1?]m?? (IV) wherein [R—P—R?] and [R1—Q—R1?], respectively, are photosensitive tectonic units the photosensitive part of which may undergo a photoreaction, selected from photoisomerizations, photocycloadditions and photoinduced rearrangements, and wherein P is a group capable of photoisomerization, Q is a group capable of participating in a photocycloaddition or photoinduced rearrangement reaction, or in a photooxidation reaction, at least one of R and R? is selected from optionally substituted or functionalized aromatic, preferably aryl-containing groups, and at least one of R and R? is positively or negatively charged, with the proviso that if P is —N?N—, R and R? both are independently selected from opt

Abstract: High efficiency reflective volume Bragg gratings with chirped gratings recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass having an absolute diffraction efficiency exceeding 95% in transmitting and reflecting modes are used to stretch and/or compress ultrashort laser pulses with high efficiency. Robustness, compactness, thermal and laser stability along with placement of multiple elements in the same space provides femtosecond laser system with high efficiency of stretching and re-compression of femtosecond pulses.