Abstract: A method of forming an image having multiple phases is disclosed herein. The method includes forming exposed and unexposed areas, the exposed areas comprising a first polymer network exhibiting first and second phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the first phase being continuous, and the second phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the first phase, and the unexposed areas comprising a second polymer network comprising third and fourth phases that are chemically connected and have different refractive indices, the third phase being continuous, and the fourth phase comprising a plurality of structures dispersed within the third phase. The first and second polymer networks are chemically connected, and morphology formed by the first and second phases is different than that formed by the third and fourth phases.

Abstract: Integrated circuits and methods of manufacture and design thereof are disclosed. For example, a method of manufacturing includes using a first mask to pattern a gate material forming a plurality of first and second features. The first features form gate electrodes of the semiconductor devices, whereas the second features are dummy electrodes. Based on the location of these dummy electrodes, selected dummy electrodes are removed using a second mask. The use of the method provides greater flexibility in tailoring individual devices for different objectives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin composition comprising: an alkali-soluble resin (A); an infrared absorbing agent (B); and a thiol compound (C), wherein a solubility thereof in an alkaline aqueous solution is changed by exposure with a infrared laser ray, and a positive or negative-type image recording layer containing the resin composition.

Abstract: Significant advances in semiconductor microelectronics technologies have resulted in greatly enhanced chip performance. Systems studies have continuously shown that on-board interconnects between chips are the bottleneck in achieving board level performance that is comparable with this chip performance. This invention provides a multiple-layer photonic-electronic circuit board family that solves this interconnect performance problem. Multiple layers of patterned optical channel waveguides and patterned electrical conductors co-exist in a single circuit board structure, with optical vias to transport light between different photonics layers and electrical vias to transport electrical signals and power between different electronics layers. An all-lithographic fabrication technology is used to build the entire board structure with mutually compatible planar processing steps.

Abstract: A development system is provided that extends the functionality of liquid developer to produce custom colors and combines it with a powder development engine to enable custom color printing. This invention provides a apparatus and method, control scheme, hardware, and software, necessary for enabling custom color printing using an electrophotograpic hybrid technology.

Abstract: A method of forming a photoresist mask on a light emitting device is disclosed. A portion of the light emitting device is coated with photoresist. A portion of the photoresist is exposed by light impinging on the interface of the light emitting device and the photoresist from inside the light emitting device. The photoresist is developed, removing either the exposed photoresist or the unexposed photoresist. In one embodiment, the photoresist mask may be used to form a phosphor coating. After the photoresist is developed to remove the exposed photoresist, a phosphor layer is deposited overlying the light emitting device. The unexposed portion of photoresist is stripped. In some embodiments, the light exposing the photoresist is produced by electrically biasing the light emitting device, or by shining light into the light emitting device through an aperture or by a focussed laser.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing and organic EL panel wherein an organic light emitting material is laminated between a pair of opposing electrodes, at least one of which is transparent or semitransparent, a photosensitive body having a charge generating layer 3 and charge transfer layer 4 is formed on the transparent substrate 2 side, and a latent image is formed by charging and exposing this photosensitive body. Using a powder developer, the exposed portion or unexposed portion thereof is developed, and a separation wall composed of the charged powder developer is formed. Next, a light emitting layer, electron transporting layer, and cathode are uniformly deposited by in vacuo vapor deposition, and after vapor deposition, by removing the developer used in the separation wall by transfer, the laminate of the light emitting layer, electron transporting layer, and cathode is selectively removed therewith, light emitting pattern formation and cathode separation are performed, and pixels are formed.

Abstract: There are provided a method for preparing a printed wiring board which can form electrostatic latent images at the desired positions of a substrate with good precision, and a uniform and good image can be formed for preparing a printed wiring board having circuits on the both surfaces of the substrate from a material to be developed having at least a metal conductive layer and a photoconductive layer on both surfaces of an insulating substrate in this order, and a preparation device.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: a charge transport layer; a top charge generating layer sensitive to a first light wavelength; a bottom charge generating layer sensitive to a second light wavelength; and a substrate, wherein the charge transport layer is positioned anywhere above the substrate, wherein the photoreceptor exhibits in response to exposure by the first light wavelength a first photodischarge curve having a first residual voltage and the photoreceptor exhibits in response to exposure by the second light wavelength a second photodischarge curve having a second residual voltage.

Abstract: A partition of a plasma display device is fabricated by forming a dielectric layer on the surface of a rear substrate having an address electrode; forming a conductive layer and a photoconductive layer in order on the surface of said dielectric layer; charging the surface of said photoconductive layer; exposing aid photoconductive layer covered with a mask of a predetermined pattern to ultraviolet rays so that an electrostatic latent image can be formed on said photoconductive layer; developing the electrostatic latent image by allowing said photoconductive layer, on which the electrostatic latent image is formed, to be in contact with a charged liquid toner layer so that liquid toner can stick to the electrostatic latent image; drying the toner stuck to the electrostatic latent image and absorbing the toner remaining an area other than the electrostatic latent image; repeating three times the steps from said step of charging the surface of said photoconductive layer through to said step of drying and absorbi

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing ceramic electronic parts, with a reduced manufacturing time and a reduced manufacturing cost so as to be suitable for manufacturing many kinds or types of electronic parts but requiring only a small number of production steps. The method of producing ceramic electronic parts comprises a first process of printing an amount of electrified powder for forming a ceramic layer on a carrier member which is a film consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET), so as to form a desired ceramic layer; a second process of printing an amount of electrified powder for forming internal electrodes on the ceramic layer, so as to form desired electrode patterns which will later be formed into desired internal electrodes; a third process of printing an amount of electrified powder for forming another ceramic layer on the above ceramic layer and the above electrode patterns, so as to form another desired ceramic layer.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic printing process as well as an electrophotographic printer for printing a substrate, a photo-sensitive layered system is brought to a homogeneous initial state by impressing an electrical field having a first direction. The photoconductive layer is exposed with predetermined image structures according to the image. The entire photoconductive layer is exposed uniformly through the cover layer and/or the electrode layer. Charged toner particles are applied to the cover layer in a development step. The toner image is then transferred to the substrate. If more than one copy is required, the development step and the transfer step are carried out a number of times, the electrical charge image present inside the layered system being retained. The substrate is conveyed at a very high speed by a conveyor device in this operational state.

Abstract: A method and device for printing a reproduction of an image by using toner particles, in which digital image data of at least two density separations of the image is obtained for forming at least two sub-images. The image data of a first sub-image of the sub-images is provided to a printing station containing toner particles with a particular chromaticity and a particular optical density. Then, the first toner particles are applied in an image-wise manner on an image receiving member for forming a first toner image in correspondence with the image data. Thereafter, on the same printing station and using second toner particles having a chromaticity substantially equal to the particular chromaticity and an optical density substantially equal to the particular optical density, the image data is again provided and the toner particles are again applied for bringing at least one second toner image, corresponding to a second sub-image, on the image receiving member in register with the first toner image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, charging means, exposure means, developing means, and an image holding member, where the exposure means is adapted, in exposing the photosensitive member according to an image signal, to expose a pixel not exposed in accordance with the image signal with a faint light.

Abstract: In a method for forming a duplicate image by reading an original image from an original sheet and forming a duplicate image according to the original image, to allow the designation of a number of regions for forming duplicate regional images, from an overall image, with desired color separation or other various attributes to be carried out accurately, promptly and simply by mounting the original sheet only once on a digitizer or the like without regard to the number of processes of forming a duplicate image, a plurality of regions designated on a single original sheet are stored in a storage device such as computer memory, either the designated region stored in the storage device or the region other than the designated region is defined as an effective region, a duplicate image of only the effective region is formed for a first process of forming a duplicate image, only the region other than the effective region for the first process of forming a duplicate image is defined as a new effective region, and a du

Abstract: A composite toner image made up of first and second toners is formed on an image member. A first electrostatic image of a first polarity is formed on the image member. That electrostatic image is toned with a first toner of the first polarity. The image member is imagewise exposed to create a second electrostatic image also of the first polarity. Exposure is overlapped into the portion of the image member under the first toner image to prevent any charge on the photoconductor of the first polarity underneath the first toner image from repelling toner into the portions of the second electrostatic image that are discharged. Preferably, the second exposure is accomplished through the base of the image member in order to thoroughly expose portions of the electrostatic image underneath the first toner image.

Abstract: In an image recording method, toner images of the same color are electrographically formed in superposition onto a recording medium. The recording medium is paper, film, or the like. Each toner image is formed of toner particles. Particles having different sizes or optical densities may be used in different toner images. No wet system processing is involved. The image recording apparatus employing the method may have one or more drums on which latent images are formed. The latent images may be identical or may be varied based on the image density.

Abstract: Apparatus and method in which a multi-color image, such as a standard four color image, is assembled on a medium, such as paper or film. Liquid ink contains conventional "solid" colored toner particles and also contains transparent counter ions. The conventional "solid" colored toner particles in plate to the surface of the photoreceptor while the transparent counter ions plate in the opposite direction, i.e., the transparent counter ions plate to the surface of photoreceptor in areas which are not discharged. Conventional "solid" colored toner particles plate to electrode in areas where the photoreceptor has not been discharged while transparent counter ions plate to electrode in areas discharged.

Abstract: A method is provided for increasing the release temperature from the fuser in copying and printing processes comprising the steps of forming a toner layer on a receiver with an imagewise overlay toner on top and fixing the layers of toner by contact with a fuser.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided which combines the perfect registration capabilities of xerocolography to form perfectly registered red, green and blue images in a single pass in one mode of operation. In another mode of operation, the color gamut possible with RGB toners is extended using black toner to develop an image that is formed using a second imager or exposure device. The result is an extended gamut color imaging process using four colors side by side in a single pass with a minimum amount of color desaturation and with a minimum number of image registrations. Yet another mode of operation provides for creating K+2 colors in a single pass. The three or two colors may be used to form highlight colors and/or logo colors.

Abstract: A multicolor image forming method in which a plurality of latent images are sequentially formed and developed on an image carrier on top of each other on the image carrier. The second and any successive color toners are developed in a non-contact manner. A developed image on a photoconductive element is prevented from being contaminated by subsequent developing stages and toner on the photoconductive element is prevented from contaminating the developer in the subsequent developing stages by reducing the amount of toner which improperly flies between the photoconductive element and the developing stages. Such a prevention of the flight of toner can be accomplished by keeping the potential of the toner on the photoconductive element within a predetermined threshold of the voltage of the toner in the subsequent developing stages. Also, properties of the various toners can reduce the improper flight of the toner such as by controlling the relative amounts of hydrophobic SiO.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer including charge transporting molecules dispersed in a polymer binder, and an overcoat layer including an alkaline polymer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising (a) a photoreceptor comprising an endless transparent support having thereon a transparent conductive layer, a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transport layer; (b) a charger for charging uniformly the outermost surface of the photoreceptor; (c) an exposing means for having the photoreceptor exposed to light from the side of the support to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor; (d) a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; (e) a transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material; and (f) a fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred, wherein a transmittance of the charge carrier generation layer is 20% or less with respect to exposing light emitted from the exposing means, and a carrier drift mobility in the charge carrier transport layer is 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /V.sec or more under an electric field intensity of 2.times.10.sup.5 V/cm.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; a charging member for charging the photosensitive member; an exposure device for exposing an image formation area of the photosensitive member charged by the charging member to light in accordance with an image signal to for an electrostatic image, and for exposing non-image-formation area around the image formation area to spots of light; and a developing device, having a developer carrying member for carrying a layer of developer having a thickness smaller than the gap with which the developer carrying member is opposed to the photosensitive member, for effecting reverse development of the electrostatic image.

Abstract: The process control method for a DAD-CAD image forming method includes forming a DAD electrostatic image of a first polarity and applying toner of the first polarity to form a first toner image and then forming a CAD electrostatic image. To provide ample voltage for formation of the CAD image and to reduce scavenging, the development completion of the first electrostatic image is preferably kept below 0.4, preferably by reducing pole transitions provided by a rotatable magnetic core in toning the first image. The process is further controlled by adjusting an initial charge on the image member which also can be trimmed after formation of the first image by a uniform light exposure and by adjustment of AC biases in both toning steps.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printer produces a multi-color image on a moving photoconductor (OPC) and includes a laser/scanner arrangement for producing first and second beams to expose the OPC at spaced-apart exposure stations. The OPC is charged to a reference state prior to exposure. First and second developer stations are positioned between the first and second beam exposure stations and third and fourth developer stations are positioned after the second beam exposure station in the direction of movement of the OPC. A controller modulates the laser, during each scan, in accordance with subpixel color data from a pair of color planes to achieve a tri-level charge state (including the reference state) on the OPC. The first and second developer stations apply charged toners, selectively, in accord with the tri-level charge state produced by the scan of the first beam.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising (a) a photoreceptor comprising an endless transparent support having thereon a transparent conductive layer, a charge carrier generation layer and a charge carrier transport layer; (b) a charger for charging uniformly the outermost surface of the photoreceptor; (c) an exposing means for having the photoreceptor exposed to light from the side of the support to form an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor; (d) a developing means for developing the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image; (e) a transfer means for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material; and (f) a fixing means for fixing the toner image transferred, wherein a transmittance of the charge carrier generation layer is 20% or less with respect to exposing light emitted from the exposing means, and a carrier drift mobility in the charge carrier transport layer is 1.times.10.sup.-6 cm.sup.2 /V.sec or more under an electric field intensity of 2.times.10.sup.5 V/cm.

Abstract: A photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine photogenerator layer, a charge transport layer, a photogenerator layer comprised of a mixture of bisbenzimidazo(2,1-a-1',2'-b)anthra(2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f')diisoquinoline -6,11-dione and bisbenzimidazo(2,1-a:2',1'-a)anthra(2,1,9-def:6,5,10 -d'e'f')diisoquinoline-10, 21-dione, and as a top layer a charge transport layer.

Abstract: A two photoconductive stack photoreceptor has an electrically conductive substrate upon which are two photoconductive stacks with each photoconductive stack sensitive to or accessible to a different wavelength of light. After charging of the photoreceptor, areas of the photoreceptor are exposed to no light beams, a first light beam, a second light beam or both light beams which allows different toners to be deposited on the photoreceptor in response to the remaining areas of charges. This two photoconductive stack photoreceptor produces a color xerographic printing system. The photoreceptor can also have multiple photoconductive stacks.

Abstract: Spot on spot color images in a single pass using a light lens copier are enabled. Image exposure is accomplished using light/lens scanning of a multi-color original document together with simultaneous shunting. Using a special photoreceptor configuration and a sequence of image creation steps including the aforementioned simultaneously shunting and exposure step, balanced latent images are formed across the photoreceptor structure. By balanced is meant that latent images exist across both an overcoat layer of the photoreceptor and the rest of the photoreceptor. Such an arrangement precludes development of the image across the overcoat layer if the photoreceptor were to be moved past a development system. Thus, an electrostatic voltmeter used to read the surface potential in the image areas would read zero or near zero volts.

Abstract: A xerographic printing system is constructed using a field emission device 120 as a modulated light source. Alternatively, a lens 122 may be disposed between the field emission device 120 and the photoreceptor drum surface 106. The field emission device 120 may project a single pixel row, or may project multiple pixel rows which provide gray scale capability. The field emission device 120 may also provide color print capability.

Abstract: A method for making an optical layer including, a first pattern projected onto a radiation sensitive surface having a first charge. Radiant energy is used to locally change the surface charge, thereby producing local areas having a second charge. The surface is exposed to an optical media having a charge that attracts the optical media to the surface. A substrate (123) with an associated charge is passed in proximity to the surface having the optical media attached. The optical media detaches from the surface and is deposited onto the substrate. The substrate (124) is heated, thereby fusing the optical media to make an optical layer (202).

Abstract: An image forming machine such as a copier or a printer for forming a multi-color toner image on a photoreceptor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming orthographic color images is disclosed. A relatively high resolution ROS is utilized to simultaneously form a plurality full contrast images thereby yielding the registration precision available in tri-level imaging while providing full contrast images of conventional xerography as discussed above.

Abstract: An edge image extraction light modulator forms an edge portion image corresponding to a boundary between two optically equalized portions of a liquid crystal layer. Each portion has a different bistable state and an edge portion optically distinct from the two optically equalized portions. An optical image is written onto the light valve while applying a voltage between two transparent electrode layers of the light valve to effect switching between a first stable optical axis and a second stable optical axis. The light valve is illuminated and the edge portion of the written image is read. A first and a second polarizer are in crossed-Nicols position so that the two optically equalized portions comprise a portion having the written image except for the edge portion thereof and a non-written portion. The edge portion is not optically equal to the two optically equal portions and can thus be detected.

Abstract: An electrostatic image on an image member already containing a loose dry first toner image is toned with a second toner, for example, a toner of a second and different color from the first toner image. The toning is accomplished by a developer having a high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier and toner which is moved through a development zone by a rapidly rotating core inside a sleeve on which the developer moves. Pole transitions caused by the rapidly moving core make the high coercivity permanently magnetized carrier move vigorously in a wave motion having alternating crests and troughs. Scavenging of the first toner image is prevented by separating the sleeve from the image member sufficiently that the crests of the developer do not touch the image member during the toning process. An alternating electrical field is applied between the sleeve and the image member to enhance development.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forming an image on an imaging surface of a photoreceptor having a light decay characteristic so that the potential of the imaging surface is slowly decayed in an initial period of exposure and the potential of the imaging surface is sharply decayed in a middle period of exposure. The imaging surface is charged to an electric potential, exposed with a light beam, wherein the light beam has the maximum light amount I.sub.0 in the light amount distribution thereof on the imaging surface so as to satisfy following condition:1.2.times.P.sub.178 .ltoreq.I.sub.0 .ltoreq.2.5.times.P.sub.1/2,in which P.sub.1/2 is a half decay exposure light amount for decaying the potential of the imaging surface from an initial potential value before the exposure to the half of the initial potential value.

Abstract: Two-color images are created in a single pass by forming an electrostatic image having three levels of electrostatic potential, low, intermediate and high. Toner of a first color is applied to the image in the presence of an electric field urging the toner toward one of the levels of potential. A second toner is applied to the electrostatic image having a second color, but of the same polarity as the first toner, in the presence of a second electric field urging the second toner both toward the areas that have been toned by the first toner and toward one of the other levels of potential. If the first toner is of a dark color and is used for text and the second color is the light color used for highlighting, a quality two-color image can be made in a single pass using toners of the same polarity.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate of high resolving power and high printing endurance which comprises imagewise exposing a photoreceptor having a conductive layer and a printing sheet comprising a conductive support having thereon a dielectric non-photosensitive layer which are placed opposite to each other while applying a direct voltage between said conductive layer and said conductive support by a direct current source to form a positive electrostatic latent image on said non-photosensitive layer of the printing sheet and then subjecting the image to development and fixation.

Abstract: Black toner for electrophotography used for visualizing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image-holding body is provided which includes a resin binder and carbon black dispersed in the resin binder. The carbon black has a volatile component content of 4% or more, a structure index of 100 or more, and a mean grain size in the range of 20 to 35 nm.

Abstract: A xeroprinting master includes a fixed insulative toner image on an electrophotographic element of the type exhibiting charge injection at an interface between a charge injection electrode and a charge transport layer. In xeroprinting use the master is charged to a polarity opposite that which is injectable. The charge is neutralized by charges injected from the electrode which migrate to the charged surface. Charge retained on the fixed toner image can be toned. The master can be made by positively charging it to a polarity the same as that which is injectable, imagewise exposing it and toning and fixing.

Abstract: A non-electroscopic prolonged tack toner for transferring toned images to an image receptor at low temperatures with improved back transfer characteristics.

Abstract: Infra-Red Densitometer (IRD) readings are utilized to check the efficiency of two-pass cleaning of the black toner patch in a tri-level imaging apparatus. The IRD examines the background patch of the tri-level image and declares a machine fault if excessive toner is detected.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes two charge generator layers and a charge transport layer. The first charge generator layer is fabricated in the form of a dot or line pattern and is sensitive to a wavelength region to which the second continuous generator layer is both transparent and insensitive. This imaging member may be employed in an electrophotographic imaging process to produce textual or pictorial reproduction on demand.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a multi-color image in which colored toner powder is used to form color separation images in the secondary colors magenta, cyan and yellow and also in one of the primary colors red, green or blue, such that of the color separation images formed in the secondary colors, there is formed, with transparent toner powder, at least as many color separation images so that the two primary colors not formed as separate separation images, are represented therein, affording the possibility of forming multi-color images by means of combinations of transparent and non-transparent toner powders, the method being performed by combining on an intermediate support those separation images formed with toner powder not required to be transparent and then transferring them to an image receiving material and subsequently transferring in registration to the image receiving material those separation images which are required to be formed with transparent toner powder.

Abstract: A printing system forms a first electrostatic latent image on a dielectric member and tones the image with a first toner. The toned image is then consolidated on the dielectric member, and one or more additional toners are applied to form a multiply-toned image which is then fused and transferred to a sheet. At intermediate stages of forming the multiply-toned image, the previously applied toner is melted and cooled to consolidate it. A dielectric belt with a fast thermal response time allows the multicolor image to be efficiently formed on the belt and all colors transferred to a paper sheet which is fed once through the machine. The belt may receive latent images from a photosensitive imaging drum of conventional type, or may itself be a photosensitive belt which directly receives an optical image. Preferably, however, the electrostatic latent images are deposited on the belt by one or more electronically controlled printhead arrays.

Abstract: A weak electrostatic image on an imaging member is amplified by first toning it with a charge injection toner. The imaging member is recharged without fusing the toner image to a charge of the same polarity as the first charge but substantially higher potential. The excess charge over the first charge injects through the toner to create an amplified electrostatic image that can be toned.

Abstract: In a single pass, tri-level imaging apparatus, machine cycle down is initiated when the color developer housing is functioning improperly. The voltage level of the color image prior to its development is read using an electrostatic voltmeter (ESV). The voltage level thereof is also read after development. The difference between these two readings is compared to an arbitrary target value and a machine cycle down is initiated if the difference is greater than the target.

Abstract: A method of reproducing multiplex images wherein an electrostatic image is formed on an image retainer by using a common electrostatic image forming device, the electrostatic image formed on the image retainer is developed, the steps of the above are repeated to superpose a plurality of toner images on the image retainer, and the toner images is transferred on a recording paper by one step. The developings other than the first time developing are carried out in such a manner that the surface of a developer layer on a developer feeding carrier does not contact with the surface of the toner image on the image retainer.

Abstract: A method of reproducing multiplex images wherein an electrostatic image is formed on an image retainer by using a common electrostatic image forming device, the electrostatic image formed on the image retainer is developed, the steps of the above are repeated to superpose a plurality of toner images on the image retainer, and the toner images is transferred on a recording paper by one step. The developings other than the first time developing are carried out in such a manner that the surface of a developer layer on a developer feeding carrier does not contact with the surface of the toner image on the image retainer.