Abstract: An organic light-emitting device and an amine compound, the organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one amine compound represented by Formula 1:

Abstract: A photochromic compound is provided, which may be a pyran, an oxazine, or a fulgide. The photochromic compound has at least one substituent Q attached thereto, each Q independently being —N3, —CN, —COOR?, —CCR?, —C(R?)C(R?)R?, —OCOR?, —OCOOR?, —SR?, —OSO2R??, and/or CON(R?)R?, wherein each R? is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted alkene or alkyne group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents are halo or hydroxyl and R?? is —CF3 or a perfluorinated alkyl group having from 2 to 18 carbon atoms The number, locations and nature of the constituents Q are dependent upon the structure of the photochromic compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electrically conductive base and a photosensitive layer disposed on the electrically conductive base. The photosensitive layer has a structure 1) in which a charge-generation layer including at least a charge-generating material and a charge-transport layer including at least a charge-transporting material and a binder resin are stacked in that order, or a structure 2) in which at least the charge-generating material, the charge-transporting material, and the binder resin are included in the same layer, and the binder resin is a terpolymer polycarbonate resin represented by general formula (I) below.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing (?), (?) and (?).

Abstract: A method of drying an organic pigment is provided which includes an under-depressurization microwave drying step of irradiating the organic pigment with microwaves under depressurization and drying the organic pigment. A method of processing a phthalocyanine pigment and a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member are also provided each of which utilizes the drying method.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge generation agent, a charge transport agent and a binder resin, and wherein the charge generation agent contains an asymmetric disazo pigment represented by General Formula (I), the charge transport agent contains a triphenylamine compound represented General Formula (IX), and the mass ratio of the charge transport agent to the binder resin is 0.3 to 2.0, where R1 and R2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group or heterocyclic group, provided that R1 and R2 are different, where R3 to R5 each represent hydrogen, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a complex azo pigment comprising an azo compound having the following formula (a): A(H)n??(a) wherein A represents a residue of an azo compound, bonded with n pieces of hydrogen atom through one or more heteroatom being N or O and forming a part of the residue A; H represents a hydrogen atom; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 9, and a pigment.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor system for use in an electrophotographic device and method of using the same. The electrophotoconductor system comprises an electroconductive support, a charge generation layer disposed on the electroconductive support, and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer includes a photosensitive material comprising titanyl phthalocyanine, and at least one oligomeric phenylene additive. The electrophotographic photoconductor system is capable of absorbing light having a wavelength of about 350 nm to about 850 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which protrusions from the surface of the photoreceptor are partly or completely covered by a resin. The effect of such resin covering is to reduce toner deposition, thereby reducing or eliminating spotting defects in images formed using the electrophotographic photoreceptor. The invention further relates to an image-forming apparatus incorporating such an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal resin having a specific repeating structural unit, an electrophotographic photosensitive member using the polyvinyl acetal resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, the photosensitive layer is a positive-charging laminate comprising at least a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer laminated in that order, with the charge generating layer containing at least a resin binder, a charge generating agent, a space filler and an electron transport agent, while the charge transport layer contains at least, as a resin binder, polystyrene and a hole transport agent, and mineral oil of the charge transport layer is in an amount of 1% by mass or less of an amount of polystyrene. Thus, a highly durable and economic positive-charging multilayer electrophotographic photoreceptor and a manufacturing method therefor may be achieved.

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer contains: 0.1 to 50 mol % of a monomer unit represented by the following formula (1); and a monomer unit represented by the following formula (2). In the polycarbonate copolymer, the content of biphenols having a structure represented by the following formula (3) is 90 mass ppm or less. In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom. In the formula: R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom; and X represents any one of bonding groups represented by —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —CO— and 9,9-fluorenylidene group. In the formula, R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom.

Abstract: A photoconductor containing an optional supporting substrate, a thiophosphate containing photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer which includes a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing material and an optional thiophosphate.

Abstract: A photoconductor comprising a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component, and where the photogenerating layer contains a triazole.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including at least an electroconductive substrate, and a charge blocking layer, a moiré preventing layer, and a photosensitive layer, which are located overlying the electroconductive substrate in this order, wherein the photosensitive layer includes an azo pigment having a fluorenone skeleton. The photosensitive layer is preferably prepared by coating a coating liquid including a dispersion which is prepared by dispersing the azo pigment in a solvent to an extent such that the average particle diameter of the azo pigment is not greater than 0.3 ?m and the standard deviation of the particle diameter is not greater than 0.2 ?m, followed by filtering with a filter having an effective pore diameter not greater than 5 ?m. An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge including the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus using an elecrophotographic process for obtaining a high quality image with tone value R2 of equal to or more than 0.98 is provided. The resolution for light-writing is equal to or more than 1200 dpi and/or light-writing is performed based on image data formed by applying halftone processing at a line frequency of equal to or more than 200 lpi. Light-writing means is accomplished with a laser light beam with a beam diameter equal to or less than 35 ?m. The photoconductor includes a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transfer layer containing a charge transfer material laminated on a conductive support. The ionization potential of the charge generating material Ip(CG) and ionization potential of the charge transfer material Ip(CT) satisfy the relationship of Ip(CG)?Ip(CT).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer located overlying the conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the undercoat layer. The photosensitive layer has a charge generation layer located overlying the undercoat layer and a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generation layer. In addition, when the charge generation layer is irradiated in the absence of the charge transport layer with light in a range of from 360 nm to 740 nm having the highest reflectivity for the charge generation layer, the charge generation layer has a reflectivity of from 15 to 21%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is disclosed using an electrophotographic photosensitive member which employs light with a short wavelength (380 nm to 500 nm) as image exposure light and is good in photoelectric conversion efficiency on the whole at that wavelength. The electrophotographic photosensitive member is composed of a reflecting layer, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer formed on a support. The total reflectance and specular reflectance of the reflecting layer are 30% or more (with respect to a standard white board) and less than 15%, respectively, at that short-wavelength light. The absorbance of the charge generation layer is 1.0 or less at that short-wavelength light.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, which contains a phthalocyanine pigment and a disazo pigment of formula (I): wherein A and B are coupler radicals having different structures.

Abstract: A multi-layered organic electrophotographic photoconductor exhibits superior stability in mass production and excellent adhesion ability with two layers contacting the charge generation layer and is free of contamination of the coating liquid for a charge transport layer during a dip-coating process due to dissolution of the charge generation layer. The multi-layered organic electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate and layers including an undercoat layer containing a thermosetting resin, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and an organic binder resin, and a charge transport layer laminated sequentially on the substrate, wherein polydispersity defined by a ratio of a weight average molecular weight to a number average molecular weight of the organic binder resin is at least 4.0, and the weight average molecular weight is at least 7.0×104 in a distribution of a polystyrene-converted molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, which contains a phthalocyanine pigment and a disazo pigment of formula (I): wherein A and B are coupler radicals having different structures.

Abstract: A multi-active electrophotographic charge generation element comprises a conductive support, a charge generation layer (CGL) disposed on the conductive support, and a charge transport layer (CTL) disposed on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer (CGL) includes a charge-generation material comprising an aggregated or crystalline form of a first dye or pigment and a first polymeric binder. The charge transport layer (CTL) comprises at least one charge-transport agent, a second dye or pigment having absorption in a selected spectral region that at least partially overlaps the absorption of a dissolved non-aggregated or non-crystalline form of the first dye or pigment, and a second polymeric binder. The second dye or pigment in the charge transport layer absorbs radiation in the selected spectral region that is incident on the charge transport layer, thereby shielding the charge generation layer from that radiation and mitigating visible radiation-induced photofatigue.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including an electroconductive support and a photoconductive layer formed thereon, which contains a phthalocyanine pigment and a disazo pigment of formula (I): 1

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including at least an image irradiator configured to irradiate a photoreceptor with a coherent light beam while scanning to form pixel light spots thereon for forming an electrostatic latent image thereon, wherein the light spots overlap with adjacent light spots; and an image developer configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a developer, wherein the photoreceptor comprises an intermediate layer located overlying an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer located overlying the intermediate layer and a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generation layer, wherein the charge generation layer satisfies the following relationship: T1≦3.5% wherein T1 represents a relative mirror reflectance of the charge generation layer against the coherent light beam when the coherent light beam irradiates the charge generation layer at an incident angle of 5°.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a carixarene compound having specific structure. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A multi-layered organic electrophotographic photoconductor exhibits superior stability in mass production and excellent adhesion ability with two layers contacting the charge generation layer and is free of contamination of the coating liquid for a charge transport layer during a dip-coating process due to dissolution of the charge generation layer. The multi-layered organic electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate and layers including an undercoat layer containing a thermosetting resin, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and an organic binder resin, and a charge transport layer laminated sequentially on the substrate, wherein polydispersity defined by a ratio of a weight average molecular weight to a number average molecular weight of the organic binder resin is at least 4.0, and the weight average molecular weight is at least 7.0×104 in a distribution of a polystyrene-converted molecular weight obtained by gel permeation chromatography.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, and a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer provided on the support in this order. The charge generation layer contains a charge-generating material in an amount of more than 2 parts by weight and not more than 5 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of a binder resin, and the support has a surface roughness in which a maximum height RmaxD, a 10-point average roughness Rz, an arithmetic-mean roughness Ra and an unevenness average distance Sm fulfill the following conditions: 1.2 &mgr;m≦RmaxD≦5.0 &mgr;m, 1.2 &mgr;m≦Rz≦3.0 &mgr;m, 0.15 &mgr;m≦Ra≦0.5 &mgr;m, 30 &mgr;m<Sm≦80 &mgr;m. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus using an elecrophotographic process for obtaining a high quality image with tone value R2 of equal to or more than 0.98 is provided. The resolution for light-writing is equal to or more than 1200 dpi and/or light-writing is performed based on image data formed by applying halftone processing at a line frequency of equal to or more than 200 lpi. Light-writing means is accomplished with a laser light beam with a beam diameter equal to or more than 35 &mgr;m. The photoconductor includes a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material and a charge transfer layer containing a charge transfer material laminated on a conductive support. The ionization potential of the charge generating material Ip(CG) and ionization potential of the charge transfer material Ip(CT) satisfy the relationship of Ip(CG)≧Ip(CT).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a carixarene compound having specific structure. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A photoreceptor that can be repeatedly used to produce high-quality images steadily is described, as well as an electrophotographic apparatus that can be used to producing high-quality images even after repeated use. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a protective layer thereon, in which the grain size distribution of the fillers continuously or gradually increases from the photosensitive layer side to the surface side. Meanwhile, the electrophotographic photoreceptor is used in the electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including at least an image irradiator configured to irradiate a photoreceptor with a coherent light beam while scanning to form pixel light spots thereon for forming an electrostatic latent image thereon, wherein the light spots overlap with adjacent light spots; and an image developer configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a developer, wherein the photoreceptor comprises an intermediate layer located overlying an electroconductive substrate, a charge generation layer located overlying the intermediate layer and a charge transport layer located overlying the charge generation layer, wherein the charge generation layer satisfies the following relationship:

Abstract: A multi-active electrophotographic charge generation element comprises a conductive support, a charge generation layer (CGL) disposed on the conductive support, and a charge transport layer (CTL) disposed on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer (CGL) includes a charge-generation material comprising an aggregated or crystalline form of a first dye or pigment and a first polymeric binder. The charge transport layer (CTL) comprises at least one charge-transport agent, a second dye or pigment having absorption in a selected spectral region that at least partially overlaps the absorption of a dissolved non-aggregated or non-crystalline form of the first dye or pigment, and a second polymeric binder. The second dye or pigment in the charge transport layer absorbs radiation in the selected spectral region that is incident on the charge transport layer, thereby shielding the charge generation layer from that radiation and mitigating visible radiation-induced photofatigue.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor has an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon which contains at least one bisazo compound of formula (I): 1

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of forming images with less defects, such as ghost, while retaining a high photo-sensitivity, is provided.