Abstract: The invention provides an imaging element comprising a support having thereon, in order, at least one imaging layer, at least one interlayer containing a lubricant which provides scratch-resistance and at least one outermost layer containing a different lubricant which provides abrasion-resistance and a method of processing the element. The element has increased durability, especially with regard to scratch- and abrasion- (especially photoabrasion-) resistance, whilst retaining performance and ease of manufacture. Preferably the element is for use in the manufacture of printed circuit boards or the production of printing plates, wherein abrasion and scratches are particularly acute.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon one or more layers including at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising at least one coupler which undergoes a coupling reaction with an oxidized product of an aromatic primary amine developer to form a dye, wherein at least one of the layer(s) on said support comprises at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched unsubstituted alkenyl group having 3-14 carbon atoms, R2 represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a linear or branched unsubstituted alkenyl group having 3-14 carbon atoms, R3 represents a group capable of being substituted on the benzene ring, and m represents an integer from 0 to 4. This may be use as a light-sensitive material which can provide a stable color-image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photographic element comprising a base and hydrophillic colloid layers comprising at least one layer comprising photosensitive silver halide, wherein said hydrophilic colloid imaging layers further comprise a flexibilizer agent and said flexibilizer agent has a logP of greater than −1.2.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon one or more layers including at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising at least one coupler which undergoes a coupling reaction with an oxidized product of an aromatic primary amine developer to form a dye, wherein at a least one of the layer(s) on said support comprises at least one compound represented by the following formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a photographic element comprising a reflection support and an overcoat layer wherein said overcoat layer comprises hydrophilic binder and lubricant, said lubricant has a particle mean diameter of greater than 1 &mgr;m and the volume of particles of lubricant below 1 &mgr;m is less than 5% of said total volume of lubricant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photographic element comprising a base and hydrophillic colloid layers comprising at least one layer comprising photosensitive silver halide, wherein said hydrophilic colloid imaging layers further comprise a flexibilizer agent and said flexibilizer agent has a logP of greater than −1.2.

Abstract: A photographic film comprising a base layer and at least one emulsion layer, the emulsion layer having a melting temperature that is within 4 degrees centigrade of the incubation temperature used in an accelerated core-set test.

Abstract: A photographic film comprising a base layer and at least one emulsion layer, the emulsion layer having a melting temperature that is within 4 degrees centigrade of the incubation temperature used in an accelerated core-set test.

Abstract: A silver halide light sensitive photographic element is disclosed comprising a support bearing at least one cyan image forming hydrophilic colloid layer comprising cyan image dye forming coupler of Formula I and benzoic acid ester or diester high boiling solvent of Formula II. wherein Ra is an alkyl group, Rb is a ballast group, and X is hydrogen or a coulping-off group. wherein: each m is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3; each R1 is an individually selected alkyl group with up to four carbon atoms; n is 1 to 7; each R2, R3, R4 and R5 may be the same or different and is individually selected from hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to four carbon atoms; p is 0 to 3; q is 1 to 7; r is 0 or 1; and the log P of the solvent is at least 4.0. The photographic elements of the invention provide high cyan coupler reactivity and form deep cyan dye hues upon photographic processing without degrading cyan dye dark stability.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion and at least a nonlight-sensitive layer, wherein said silver halide photographic light-sensitive material contains a compound represented by the following formula (1) and said silver halide photographic light-sensitive material further contains a vinylsulfone group containing hardener. HOCH2(CHOH)mCH2OH  Formula (1) wherein m represents an integer of 0 to 6.

Abstract: A method for producing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed, which comprises a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer and optionally another hydrophilic colloid layer. The method comprises the steps of (1) coating a coating solution of the silver halide emulsion layer or that of the hydrophilic colloid layer on the support, and (2) drying the coated layer, and the coating solution of the silver halide emulsion layer or that of the hydrophilic colloid layer comprises gelatin and a sugaralcohol.

Abstract: The invention disclosed is a photographic element comprising a support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion and at least one high-boiling solvent of structure I, below: ##STR1## wherein: m is 0, 1 or 2;each R.sub.1 is an individually selected alkyl group with up to four carbon atoms;n is 2 to 5;each R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be the same or different and is individually selected from hydrogen or an alkyl group with up to four carbon atoms;p is 0 to 3;each R.sub.4 is independently a methyl or ethyl group; andthe sum of the number of carbon atoms in each R.sub.1 plus each R.sub.2 plus each R.sub.3 plus each R.sub.4 taken together is three to seven.

Abstract: A support for an imaging element is described, which support comprises a polyester polymeric film having coated thereon a subbing layer comprising gelatin and a multi-hydric organic compound having at least three hydroxyl groups, which gelatin subbing layer coated support has been subjected to a heat treatment to reduce the core-set curling tendency of the polymeric film. Imaging elements for use in an image-forming process is also described, which elements comprise a gelatin subbing layer coated polyester polymeric film support as described above, and an image-forming layer coated on the subbed support. A method for forming a heat-tempered, gelatin-subbed support for an imaging element is also described, comprising coating a subbing layer comprising gelatin and a multi-hydric organic compound having at least three hydroxyl groups on a polyester polymeric film, and subjected the coated film to heat treatment to reduce the core-set curling tendency of the polymeric film.

Abstract: A method for producing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion is disclosed, comprising (a) a step of forming silver halide grain nuclei containing twin grain nuclei in a dispersion medium solution, (b) a step of ripening said grain nuclei to preferentially remain tabular grain nuclei, and (c) a step of growing said tabular grain nuclei into tabular grains to form a tabular silver halide grain, wherein in step (a), a silver halide nucleus having a chloride content of 10 mol % or more based on the amount of silver contained in the nucleus is formed, and the tabular silver halide grain obtained through steps (a), (b) and (c) has a Br content of 50 mol % or more based on the total silver amount.

Abstract: A thermographic or photothermographic element is disclosed having a surface coating containing a film-forming binder overlying at least one major surface of the element. An alkoxysilane containing at least one saturated hydrocarbon substituent having at least 8 carbon atoms is confined to the surface coating to act as a friction reducing compound.

Abstract: A method has been described for preparing a gelatinous emulsion having grains rich in silver choride, wherein at least 70%, and more preferred 90%, of the total projected area of all grains is provided by {111} tabular grains having an average aspect ratio of more than 2:1, an average equivalent circular diameter of at least 0.3 .mu.m and an average thickness of from 0.05 to 0.25 .mu.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a dispersion material which is obtained by emulsifying a mixture of a yellow coupler represented by the formula and a polymer compound that is insoluble in water and soluble in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A color photographic material with a support and at least one spectrally sensitised silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one color coupler, which layer contains a polymer with repeat units of the structure I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are identical or different and mean hydrogen, alkyl or halogen,L means a chemical bond or a linking member andX means a group which reacts with NH.sub.2 --, COOH-- or OH-- groups in an addition or condensation reaction,in dispersed form with an average particle size of <300 nm, is distinguished by improved "dark fading" stability.

Abstract: A light-sensitive material comprises a light-sensitive hardening layer provided on a support. The light-sensitive hardening layer contains silver halide, a reducing agent and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compound or an ethylenically unsaturated cross-linkable polymer. The light-sensitive hardening layer further contains a coupling agent in an amount of 0.01 to 15 wt. %.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a photographic support.The process consists of depositing on a support a succession of at least two layers, at least one of which consists of a photosensitive composition, the top layer, situated at the opposite side to the support, containing a given concentration of at least one surfactant, the process being characterized in that a surfactant present in the top layer is introduced into the layer adjacent to the top layer at a concentration equal to at least 25% of the concentration of the same surfactant in the said top layer.

Abstract: A photographic film that is especially useful as a motion picture print film is comprised of a support having, in order, on one side thereof an antihalation undercoat and at least one silver halide emulsion layer and having, in order, on the opposite side thereof an antistatic layer and a protective topcoat; wherein the protective topcoat is comprised of a polyurethane binder and a lubricant and the polyurethane binder has a tensile elongation to break of at least 50% and a Young's modulus measured at 2% elongation of at least 50000 lb/in.sup.2. The polyurethane binder provides a tough but flexible protective topcoat that is capable of resisting abrasion and scratching when the film is conveyed through a projector and capable of standing up to the repeated use to which motion picture print films are typically subjected.

Abstract: Low melting point epoxy scavenger compounds are disclosed which contain a pH dependent ionizable group to facilitate migration of the scavenger from an adjacent scavenger layer (that does not contain any coupler) to an imaging layer (containing coupler and emulsion) of a photographic element at the pH of development. One aspect of the invention comprises a process of forming an aqueous dispersion of an epoxy compound of the structural formula SI: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; L.sub.1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; L.sub.2 is --O--, --CO--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --PO.sub.2 --, --CO.sub.2 --, --NHCO-- or --NHSO.sub.2 --, wherein L.sub.2 may be orientated in either direction; L.sub.3 is an alkyl group; m is 0 or 1; p is 0 or 1; and X is ##STR2## wherein R' is H or an alkyl or aryl group, with the proviso that where L.sub.2 comprises an ionizable group, X may also be an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the compound has a melting point of less than about 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A photographic element comprises a polyester support bearing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic emulsion layer, the support having adjacent thereto a polymer-containing subbing layer, the subbing layer having adjacent thereto a layer comprising a hydrophilic binder containing dispersed droplets of a high boiling organic liquid, the liquid being selected form the group consisting of oleyl alcohol and esters of organic or inorganic acids which have a value for the logarithm of their octanol/water partition coefficient (Log P) of from 2.6 to 6.7.

Abstract: This invention provides composition and method to overcome the very high viscosity of prior small-particle dispersions when admixed with gelatin in aqueous solution for coating a photographic film element.The invention is generally accomplished by the utilization of a second surfactant in the melt formulated by the admixture of the small-particle dispersion and the gelatin solution. The surfactants of this invention, that is, utilized to control the rheology of such said melts, have the following general structure: ##STR1## wherein n=5 to 20 andx=1 to 4.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having on one side thereof hydrophilic colloid layers including a silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one of the hydrophilic colloid layers contains a dye represented by the following formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an acylamino group, a ureido group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group or a sulfonamide group; B is a five- or six-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, or a six-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide photographic emulsion layer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer has been spectral-sensitized with a spectral-sensitizer to have a sensitized peak in a wavelength range longer than 730 nm; and light absorption due to the silver halide emulsion containing the spectral sensitizer satisfies the following equation (1):Abs (peak wavelength)/Abs (peak wavelength-100 nm)>5 (1);and a method for processing the above silver halide photographic material.The material has high sensitivity only to semiconductor laser rays and has low sensitivity to any other rays.

Abstract: A silver halide light-sensitive material is disclosed. The light-sensitive material comprises a support and two or more layers. Silver halide, a reducing agent, an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable compound or a cross-linkable polymer and a base precursor are independently contained in at least one of the layers. A layer containing the base precursor further contains a specific polyvinyl alcohol. The first embodiment of the specific polyvinyl alcohol (I) has such a chemical structure that a terminal alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms is attached to a polyvinyl alcohol. The second embodiment of the specific polyvinyl alcohol (II) is a block copolymer consisting of a vinyl alcohol unit and a hydrophobic unit, which is more hydrophobic than the vinyl alcohol unit. The third embodiment is a mixture of two polyvinyl alcohols (III) and (IV). The polyvinyl alcohol (III) has a saponification degree of not less than 95%.

Abstract: Thermal and photochemical yellowing of a color photographic element, such as a color print, is inhibited by incorporating into the photographic element an ionizable epoxy compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl;L.sub.1 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl;L.sub.2 is O, CO, S, SO.sub.2, PO.sub.2, C(O)O, NHCO or NHSO.sub.2 ;L.sub.3 is alkyl or substituted alkyl;m is 0 or 1;p is 0 or 1;X is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## wherein: R' is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl,or, if L.sub.2 comprises an ionizable group, X is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl.

Abstract: A water-soluble or water-dispersible, non-ionic surface active compound has the formulaZNHQNHZ (I)whereineach Z independently is a polysaccharide group linked to the remainder of the molecule through one of its ketone groups; and,Q together with the two NH groups to which it is attached represents the atoms necessary to complete a polyalkyleneamine unit wherein at least one of the amine nitrogen atoms has a hydrophobic, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group linked thereto. Such surfactants can be used in hydrophilic colloid compositions in the manufacture of photographic materials.

Abstract: It has been discovered that when polyalkylene oxide compounds or block polymeric or block oligomeric surface active compounds comprising at least a polyoxypropylene (POP) block and a polyoxyethylene (POE) block are added to conventional dispersions of yellow couplers (that is dispersions in which the dispersed particles have a particle size of 0.1 to 0.6 .mu.m), such dispersions in a coated silver halide photographic element produce substantially higher dye yield compared to the conventional dispersion without any additive. Further, the yellow dye formed from such dispersions containing the addenda of this invention are substantially more light stable compared to dispersions that does not contain such addenda.The invention is carried out just by adding required amounts of the said polyoxyethylene (POE)--polyoxypropylene (POP) compound to a preformed milled coupler dispersion prior to coating the photographic element.

Abstract: Silver halide emulsions with tabular grains showing increased aspect ratio are produced by adding to the precipitiation vessel a compound of the formula I: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 means H or optionally substituted alkyl, aralkyl or cycloalkylR.sub.2 means H or optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or aralkyl or a polymer chainR.sub.3 means H, OH, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, NHR.sub.4, O--CO--R.sub.4, O--CO--NHR.sub.4 or an optionally substituted oxazoline ringR.sub.4 means optionally substituted or alkyl, aralkyl or arylm means 2 or 3,n means 2 to 10,000,or a compound of the formula II ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.3, n and m have the meaning stated above and may be identical or different andR.sub.5 means optionally substituted alkene, arylene, aralkene or a polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation chain.

Abstract: A water-soluble or water-dispersible, non-ionic surface active compound is provided having the formula ##STR1## wherein each Y independently is a hydrophilic polyhydroxyalkyl group;each X independently is ##STR2## each R independently is a hydrophobic substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a hydrophobic substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;each n independently is an integer from 2 to 6; and,each m is an integer from 2 to 4.Such surfactants can be used in hydrophilic colloid compositions in the manufacture of photographic materials.

Abstract: The tendency of a photographically useful compound (PUC) to crystallize when dispersed in an aqueous medium is inhibited by codispersing with the PUC a non-color forming, oil-soluble, monomeric or oligomeric organic compound having a glass transition temperature between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. Preferred organic compounds are oil-soluble sucrose esters, such as sucrose octaacetate, and rosin and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A fluorinated polymer comprising at least three different groups within the polymer chain derived from reactive monomers, the monomers comprising:(a) a fluorinated, ethylenically unsaturated monomer;(b) a hydroxyl-containing, ethylenically unsaturated monomer; and(c) a polar, ethylenically unsaturated monomer.The fluorinated polymers provide a surfactant that is particularly useful in the coating of polymeric layers. The surfactants can reduce surface anomalies, such as mottle when used to coat photothermographic and thermographic elements from certain solvent systems. The present invention also provides photothermographic and thermographic elements comprising the foregoing fluorinated polymers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material comprising at least one sparingly water-soluble epoxy compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) and a silver halide emulsion layer which comprises high-silver-chloride grains containing metal ions and/or having silver bromide localized phases on the surface thereof, and/or that have been sensitized by a gold compound: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a divalent aliphatic group, which may be substituted or unsubstituted; M.sup.1 represents an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom; A represents a polyvalent linking group; a, b, and c each are an integer of 0 to 4; x and y each are an actual number of 0 to 20; l is 1 or 2; and m represents an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkyl compounds and co-stabilizing agents are used to impart stabilizing or antifogging properties to photographic recording materials.

Abstract: This invention provides composition and method to overcome the very high viscosity of prior small-particle dispersions when admixed with gelatin in aqueous solution for coating a photographic film element.The invention is generally accomplished by the utilization of a second surfactant in the melt formulated by the admixture of the small-particle dispersion and the gelatin solution. The surfactants of this invention, that is, utilized to control the theology of such said melts, have the following general structure: ##STR1## wherein n=5 to 20 andx=1 to 4.

Abstract: A silver halide light-sensitive photographic element comprising a support and provided thereon a plurality of light-sensitive layers including a green-sensitive layer comprising a dispersion of particles in a hydrophilic colloid, the particles comprising a pyrazolazole dye forming coupler dissolved in a coupler solvent comprising a long chain unsaturated alcohol.

Abstract: There is disclosed a silver halide color photographic material which comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of sparingly water-soluble epoxy compounds represented by formula (I), (II), or (III) given below and a dye-forming coupler in a layer on a base. ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 each represent an alkyl group or a halogen atom, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent a divalent aliphatic organic group, M represents an oxygen or nitrogen atom, A represents a polyvalent linking group, a, b, and c each are an integer of 0 to 4, x and y each are a real number of 0 to 20, l is 1 or 2, and m is an integer of 2 to 4.

Abstract: A novel dye fixing element is provided comprising a dye fixing layer on which a diffusive dye produced or released by developing a light-sensitive element containing at least a light-sensitive silver halide, a hydrophilic binder and a dye providing compound which produces or releases a diffusive dye in correspondence to or counter correspondence to the exposure in the presence of a base and/or base precursor after or simultaneously with imagewise exposure is transferred and fixed, wherein the outermost layer on the dye fixing layer side or on the opposite side, i.e., back layer side contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I) and exhibits a contact angle of 80.degree. or more to a drop of methane iodide(RfCH.sub.2 O).sub.n --PO(OM).sub.m (I)wherein n and m satisfy the equation: n+m=3; Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group; and M represents an alkali metal ion, NH.sup.4+ or secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium ion.

Abstract: An image receiving element for use in a peel-apart type silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising:(a) a support having a front side and a back side;(b) at least one layer which is a cellulose ester layer or a regenerated cellulose layer coated on the front side of the support;(c) an aliphatic acid ester of glycerol contained in at least one of the cellulose ester layer or the regenerated cellulose layer; and(d) a gelatin-containing layer coated on the back side of the support.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silver halide emulsion is disclosed, which comprises dissolving one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives in a solution of an organic solvent containing a surface active agent having a hydrophilic -SO.sub.3 or --OSO.sub.3 group wherein said organic solvent is an alcohol, and then adding the resulting solution to a silver halide emulsion. A small amount of a base, or small amounts of a base and an acid may optionally be present in the mixed solution of the organic solvent and the surface active agent prior to adding the one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives.

Abstract: The invention is generally accomplished by utilization of a surfactant for very small particle photographic dispersions. Three types of such surfactants that have been identified are as follows:Type A--Surfactant comprising 6 to 22 carbon atom hydrophobic tail with one or more attached hydrophilic chains comprising at least 8 oxyethylene and/or glycedyl ether groups that may or may not be terminated with a negative charge such as a sulfate group.Type B--Block oligomeric surfactants comprising hydrophobic polyoxypropylene blocks (A) and hydrophilic polyoxyethylene blocks (B) joined in the manner of A--B--A, B--A--B, A--B, (A--B).sub.n .tbd.G.tbd.(B--A), or (B--A).sub.n .tbd.G.tbd.(A--B).sub.n, where G is a connective organic moiety and n is between 1 and 3.Type C--Sugar surfactants, comprising between one to three 6 to 22 carbon atom hydrophobic tail with one or more attached hydrophilic mono or oligosaccharidic chains that may or may not be terminated by a negatively charged group such as a sulfate group.

Abstract: Photographically useful organic compounds containing secondary-branched alkyl radicals with at least 15 C atoms corresponding to formula I have a low melting point, good solubility in oil formers and a low tendency towards crystallization which makes them particularly suitable for photographic applications. ##STR1## In formula I: PNOV is the residue of a photographically useful organic compound, for example a coupler or oil former;L is a chemical bond or a link between PNOV and X;X represents --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --NH--, --NR-- (R.dbd.alkyl or acyl), --CO-- or alkylidene;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are unbranched alkyl radicals containing at least 6 C atoms, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together contain at least 14 C atoms and, where X represents --CO-- or --CH.sub.2, at least 17 C atoms.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed, which has high sensitivity, high contrast and improved standing stability in the manufacturing process. The light-sensitive material has a silver halide emulsion layer and silver halide grains contained in the emulsion layer are spectrally sensitized by a specific sensitizing dye dissolved in a chain hydrocarbon compound having two or more more hydroxy groups or a mixture of the hydrocarbon compound and a water-miscible solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support and a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer provided on the support, wherein a surface layer provided on the photographic light-sensitive material contains an aliphatic carboxylic ester having the formula (I) or the formula (II):R.sup.11 COOR.sup.12 (I)in which each of R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 independently is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 12-70 carbon atoms; at least one of R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 is branched; and the number of the total carbon atoms contained in R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 is in the range of 32 to 140,R.sup.21 OOCXCOOR.sup.22 (II)in which each of R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 independently is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 12-70 carbon atoms; X is a divalent linking group; at least one of R.sup.21, R.sup.22 and X is a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 12 or more carbon atoms; and the number of the total carbon atoms contained in R.sup.21 and R.sup.22 is in the range of 32 to 140.

Abstract: The invention is generally accomplished by utilization of a surfactant for very small particle photographic dispersions. Three types of such surfactants that have been identified are as follows:Type A--Surfactant comprising 6 to 22 carbon atom hydrophobic tail with one or more attached hydrophilic chains comprising at least 8 oxyethylene and/or glycedyl ether groups that may or may not be terminated with a negative charge such as a sulfate group.Type B--Block oligomeric surfactants comprising hydrophobic polyoxypropylene blocks (A) and hydrophilic polyoxyethylene blocks (B) joined in the manner of A-B-A, B-A-B, A-B, (A-B).sub.n .tbd.G.tbd.(B-A), or (B-A).sub.n .tbd.G.tbd.(A-B).sub.n, where G is a connective organic moiety and n is between 1 and 3.Type C--Sugar surfactants, comprising between one to three 6 to 22 carbon atom hydrophobic tail with one or more attached hydrophilic mono or oligosaccharidic chains that may or may not be terminated by a negatively charged group such as a sulfate group.

Abstract: A process for preparing a silver halide emulsion is disclosed, which comprises dissolving one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives in a solution of an organic solvent containing a surface active agent having a hydrophilic --SO.sub.3 or --OSO.sub.3 group wherein said organic solvent is an alcohol, and then adding the resulting solution to a silver halide emulsion. A small amount of a base, or small amounts of a base and an acid may optionally be present in the mixed solution of the organic solvent and the surface active agent prior to adding the one or more substantially water-insoluble photographic additives.

Abstract: A silver halide light-sensitive photographic material comprising on a support photographic component layers containing a compound of Formula [I] and/or Formula [II]:R.sub.1 OOC--R.sub.2 --COO--R.sub.3 --OOC--R.sub.2 --COO).sub.n R.sub.4 [I],R.sub.5 O--R.sub.6 --OOC--R.sub.7 --COO--R.sub.6).sub.n OR.sub.8 [II]wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group and a heterocyclic group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are divalent groups independently selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, a cycloalkylene group and a group of any combination of these groups; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each is either an acyl group or a phosphonyl group; and n is an integer of from 1 to 20; is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for hardening gelatin comprising combining the gelatin to be hardened with a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and X.sup..THETA. are as herein defined. The compounds of this formula effectively harden gelatin with little or no after-hardening. These compounds are useful in hardening gelatin in photographic elements.