Abstract: There is provided a method for producing highly purified fused aromatic ring compounds with high yield by a simpler method. A method for producing a fused aromatic ring compound comprising irradiating the bicyclo compound containing at least one bicyclo ring represented by formula (1) in a molecule with light to detach a leaving group X from a residual part to form an aromatic ring: wherein R1 and R3 each denotes a group to form an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring which may be substituted, together with a group to which each thereof is bonded; R2 and R4 each denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group or a phenyl group; and X is a leaving group, which denotes a carbonyl group or —N?.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of storing and transporting a photomask. A photomask storage container has fluid-tight walls, an opening for moving the photomask into and out of the container, and a sealable inlet for a storage fluid. The method includes placing the photomask in the storage container through the opening, introducing a storage fluid into the container through the inlet, closing the container opening and sealing the storage fluid inlet, whereby the storage fluid is essentially inert with respect to the photomask. The method then includes opening the container opening and contacting a surface of the photomask with an alcohol-containing gas while removing the photomask from the storage container to remove the storage fluid from the photomask surface.

Abstract: A photothermographic material comprising a support, and an image-forming layer and a non-image-forming layer provided on the support, wherein the image-forming layer comprises a photosensitive silver halide, a non-photosensitive organic silver salt, a reducing agent, and a binder; the non-image-forming layer includes a slipping agent having a melting point of 80° C. to 120° C.; the coefficient (K1) of dynamic friction measured at a velocity of 0.1 cm/sec and the coefficient (K2) of dynamic friction measured at a velocity of 10 cm/sec have a relation represented by formula (1): Formula (1) 1.20>K1/K2>0.90. Also provided is an image-forming method using the photothermographic material.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of nanotechnology. Specifically the invention describes a method for cutting a multiplicity of nano-structures to uniform dimensions of length, length and width, or area, or to a specific distribution of lengths or area using various cutting techniques.

Abstract: A reticle assembly includes a reticle with a reticle plate. A radio frequency device is positioned on the reticle for providing information regarding the reticle to a reader by radio frequency.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of nanotechnology. Specifically the invention describes a method for cutting a multiplicity of nano-structures to uniform dimensions of length, length and width, or area, or to a specific distribution of lengths or area using various cutting techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel PHA comprising a unit containing thioether with high reactivity, and its production method. The present invention also provides polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) comprising units having defined chemical formulas (1) and (2), and at least one of four units having defined chemical formulas (3), (4), (5) and (6); its production method; a charge control agent containing the PHA; a toner binder containing the charge control agent; an electrostatic latent image developing toner; and an image forming method and an image forming apparatus using the electrostatic latent image developing toner.

Abstract: A hydrophobically capped oligomeric acrylamide or pyrrolidone is employed as a dispersant for hydrophobic materials in an aqueous medium containing a hydrophilic colloid, e.g. gelatin. The hydrophobic materials include photographic addenda such as color couplers or solid particle dyes.

Abstract: A photo alignment structure integral with a substrate enables the alignment apparatus to receive a reflected light signature of the surface topography of the alignment structure. As the circuit is constructed, the alignment target may be built in tandem with the process. The alignment structure is constructed so that its surface will retain sufficient topography to enable the alignment apparatus to properly align.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for improving the keeping of photographic elements comprising placing said elements in a container and placing a material comprising a blend of polymer and molecular sieve particles in said container with said element.

Abstract: A method for storing nanoparticulate suspensions of photographically useful compounds is disclosed that comprises the steps of:providing a suspension of nanoparticulate photographically useful chemical substance in the form of a solid particle dispersion;providing a hydrodynamically optimized container for storing nanoparticulate suspensions comprising a base portion and a body portion unitary with said base portion, said portions defining an interior storage chamber hydrodynamically optimized for the resuspension of sedimented nanoparticulate suspensions, said body portion further comprising a body wall with interior and exterior surfaces;placing said solid particle dispersion in said container;sealing said container and storage chamber against the ambient atmosphere to form a sealed container;storing said sealed container;opening said sealed container; andusing a portion of said solid particle dispersion stored in said container to form a coating composition for a light-sensitive element.

Abstract: This invention is a photographic film proposed to facilitate a cutting operation of the photographic film by accurately cutting a longitudinal central position of perforations and to facilitate an editing operation of cut stereo photographs, and has a constitution which has perforations provided along the vicinities of both upper and lower side edges of the photographic film, cutting marks described as latent images by preexposure at a longitudinal center of a periphery of each perforation. Further, frame numbers for a stereo photograph are described as latent images by preexposure at a lower edge of each photographic picture plane of the film.

Abstract: A photographic film which makes it easy to recognize the positions for cutting the photographic film into frames and which can be used for both stereoscopic cameras and general cameras. The photographic film 1 is perforated as designated at 2 along near both the upper and lower side edges thereof maintaining a pitch which is one-half the pitch P of the pair of right and left exposure surfaces of a stereoscopic camera. The perforated holes 2 are located in a gap among the frames irrespective of whether pictures are taken by using a stereoscopic camera having a film-feeding mechanism that corresponds to the perforated holes 2 of the photographic film 1 or by using a one-frame shooting camera. The photographic film 1 can be cut maintaining a correct frame size when it is cut relying upon the upper and lower holes 2 as marks.

Abstract: In a first processing step, whether a first photosensitive material is a particular photosensitive material is detected. If it is detected at least that the first photosensitive material is the particular photosensitive material, processing conditions in the first processing step are recorded in a predetermined position on the first photosensitive material. Exposure conditions in the exposure step are set in accordance with one of the result of the detection and the processing conditions recorded on the first photosensitive material. The second photosensitive material is exposed under the set exposure conditions. If the first photosensitive material is detected to be a particular photosensitive material, the setting of the exposure conditions is changed in the exposure step, and the exposure conditions are set in such a manner as to compensate the difference in the characteristic occurring in the image of the particular first photosensitive material depending on standard processing and particular processing.

Abstract: Photographic processing devices such as stainless steel racks and tanks are cleaned to remove contaminants such as silver by contacting the devices with a cleaning solution comprising water, a mineral acid such as nitric acid, a soluble cerium (IV) salt such as ceric ammonium nitrate, and acetic acid. The cleaning solutions have a pH no greater than 1. The acetic acid inhibits the formation of a brown stain on in the stainless steel.

Abstract: A photographic film comprises an elongated light-sensitive strip having a longitudinal series of similar size rectangular exposure areas whose proportion of the width to the height is less than 2:1. Each exposure area is pre-exposed along a top-most portion and/or a bottom-most portion to limit the useable size of each exposure area during picture-taking to one whose proportion of the width to the height is at least 2:1. Thus, the useable size of each exposure area provides a panorama-like image format.

Abstract: A process and a system for the complete stripping of the photoresist layer from semiconductor wafers after each processing step (lithography step) in a multi-step production process. At the end of each such step the photoresist must be removed, preparing the wafer for the next step, and such removal is also required after the final processing step. Up to 15 or more steps are needed in such wafer production process. According to the invention a high intensity pulsed laser beam sweeps the wafer surface as a narrow, preferably rectangular and strip the photoresist by sweeping the entire surface of the wafer. Pulse duration is generally shorter than 500 nano-sec (nsec) and preferably about 10 to 100 nsec, with much larger time intervals between pulses. The interaction of the beam with the photoresist ablates the photoresist. The ablation proceeds stepwise, each pulse ablating a certain area of the photoresist to a certian depth, and this without any damage to the processed wafer.

Abstract: A medium for image formation which comprises a monomolecular film or monomolecular built-up film of a metal chelate compound and a process for image formation which comprises (1) manipulating the adsorption of a gas on a metal chelate compound and the desorption of the gas therefrom or (2) reducing metal ions in molecules of a metal chelate compound.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material composed of a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein the material contains the combination of (i) at least one compound represented by formula (I) and (ii) and at least one compound represented by formulae (II) and/or (III): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; X represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, --COR.sub.2, ##STR2## or --SO.sub.3 M; R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, --OM, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group or ##STR3## R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, --COR.sub.7 or --SO.sub.2 R.sub.7 ; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 each represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group; R.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides water soluble surface active compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, provided that not both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen,and each of x and y independently is an integer from 3 to 6.In a preferred embodiment where discrete compounds are required, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical and x and y are identical.Particularly preferred compounds are those wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is an alkyl group having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 6 to 7 carbon atoms, and each of x and y is an integer from 3 to 6.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide light-sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer with an automatic developing machine which comprises developing an imagewise exposed silver halide light-sensitive material, wherein an amount of organic substances remaining in at least one of the emulsion layer or other hydrophilic colloid layers comprising a surface protective layer after said processing with said automatic developing machine, is not more than about 90 wt % of the weight of said organic substances prior to said processing.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for enabling amateurs and non-professionals to restore faded or discolored color photographs and snapshots to their original condition by treating the faded or discolored color photographs and snapshots to clean areas with a remover of anhydrous acetone-free diacetone and coating or coloring the cleaned areas with a color corrective restorer comprising a powdered dye embedded or dispersed in anhydrous diacetone preferably in the relative proportions of 40 grains dye: 30 ml anhydrous diacetone or by using wax cube compositions of alcoholic paraffin or other suitable wax with acetone-free diacetone in the relative proportions of 100 grams wax in alcohol: 1-3 grams powdered dye therein in the optional presence of liquid glycerin and/or lecithin. Procedure and equipment as described for carrying out the invention which is characterized by the slower evaporation rate of diacetone as compared to denatured alcohol to provide adequate time to carry out the process steps.

Abstract: More effective camouflage patterns are generated by use of certain known tographic and photooptical contrasting procedures to obtain more desirable positive high contrast images representative of the natural background areas in which military equipment is intended to operate. Generating and using such camouflage patterns constitute a unique and novel use of such images which have predetermined color tones or values assigned to varying degrees of light, intermediate and dark contrast areas. The patterns may be applied onto the equipment in any of several conventionally known manners, thereby enabling otherwise artistically unskilled field soldiers to more effectively camouflage their equipment.

Abstract: A structure for shaping or masking energetic radiation is described. The structure comprises a shallow silicon body having at least one through opening, and a metal silicide layer covering the surface of the structure. The structure characterized by having a high mechanical, and thermal stability may be used particularly in electron and X-ray lithography. More specifically, the structure may be used as an aperture for electron beams, or as a mask for X-rays. The production of the structure includes the steps of making through openings in the silicon body, and the forming of the silicide layer by vapor depositing a metal on the surface of the silicon body and by subsequent annealing.

Abstract: A method for storing sheets of a photothermographic sheet material composed of a high molecular weight compound support and a sensitive emulsion comprising, as the indispendable constituents, an organic silver salt oxidizing agent, a reducing agent for silver ion, a photosensitive silver salt compound or its precursor, and a binder, characterized by inserting paper having smooth surfaces between every two sheets of said photothermographic sheet material. By this method, the photothermographic sheet material can be stored for a long period of time without deterioration of quality.

Abstract: In the process for preparing impregnated polymer latex compositions by impregnating a hydrophobic substance in dispersed polymer particles in an aqueous polymer latex, the improvement comprises impregnating said hydrophobic substance, wherein the impregnation is effected by mixing said hydrophobic substance which is solid state, a water-miscible organic solvent and aqueous polymer latex wherein a polymer of the polymer latex is prepared from ethene monomers and containing at least one hydrophilic group.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for producing a transmission barrier for inhibiting propagation of light into still unimaged transparent portions of microfiche recording system intermediate film strips by light-piping action are described. The barrier serves to optically isolate the subsequently-to-be-imaged still unexposed portion of the film strip in a dispensing film head from the illumination used to transfer the previously developed image on the exposed portion of the strip onto a permanent recording medium, such as a microfiche film card. In one exemplary form of the invention, the barrier regions are photographically produced dark bands or lines between the longitudinally spaced areas of the film strip to be imaged. These bands or lines are preferably created as latent images during the initial exposure of the intermediate film and subsequently developed at the same time as the record image.

Abstract: A photographic element for color diffusion transfer which includes a timing layer comprising a polymeric latex made up of (1) a conjugated diene monomer, (2) and ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer or salt, and (3) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which monomers are within certain percentage ranges.

Abstract: A light reflecting layer for a color diffusion transfer photographic system which comprises at least one compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a benzyl group which may be substituted at the .alpha.-position.

Abstract: A process of preparing magnetic recording elements containing substantially transparent magnetic recording layer which exhibit excellent magnetic and reproducing characteristics is as follows:(a.) forming a substantially homogeneous dispersion of acicular magnetizable particles in a medium comprising a solution of substantially transparent binder in solvent using particles having an average width of less than about 0.06 micron and an average length up to about 1 micron; the concentration of the binder being at least about 10 parts per 100 parts, by weight, of the particles; up to about 30 parts, by weight, for particles having an average length of at least about 0.06 micron and up to about 40 parts, by weight, for particles having an average length of less than about 0.06 micron,(b.) coating a support with the dispersion in an amount sufficient to provide a final dry layer thickness up to about 5 microns,(c.) removing substantially all solvent from the layer and(d.

Abstract: In a photographic element for the color diffusion transfer process including a neutralizing system for reducing the pH of an aqueous alkaline developing solution which comprises a neutralizing layer and a timing layer wherein the timing layer is positioned on or under the neutralizing layer in direct or indirect contact therewith such that the aqueous alkaline developing solution reaches the neutralizing layer through the timing layer, the improvement which comprises said timing layer comprising a mixture of at least one polymer latex the minimum film forming temperature of which is 35.degree. C. or less (Group I) and at least one polymer latex the minimum film forming temperature of which is more than 35.degree. C.

Abstract: In a photographic element for the color diffusion transfer process including a neutralizing system for reducing the pH of an aqueous alkaline developing solution which comprises a neutralizing layer and a timing layer, wherein the timing layer is positioned on or under the neutralizing layer in direct or indirect contact therewith such that the aqueous alkaline developing solution reaches the neutralizing layer through the timing layer, the improvement which comprises the timing layer comprising a polymer latex which is produced by emulsion polymerization of each of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of Group (A), at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of Group (B) and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers of Group (C), wherein said Group (A) monomers are represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; T represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group; Q repre

Abstract: A process for preparing electrostatographic toner particles having controlled particle size and size distribution is provided by forming a blend of a molten mass of polymer and a colorant, cooling and solidifying the blend in the form of a film or fiber thereof. The film or fiber is then passed through embossed or cutting rollers to enable fracture of the film or fiber into discrete particles having a size of between 1 micron and about 30 microns.

Abstract: A print-out image can be produced with certain internally photosensitive silver halide materials by a high intensity exposure to provide a print-out image that is resistant to background print-up under ambient illumination. The photographic silver halide material with which the process is useful comprises photosensitive silver halide grains in which the sensitivity sites where a latent image can be formed on light exposure are predominantly inside the grains. Also, at least one electron-accepting compound having a polarographic reduction potential within the range of about -0.8 volt to about -0.01 volt is required on the photosensitive silver halide in the process. The photosensitive silver halide is imagewise exposed to illumination having an intensity greater than about 3 watts per square centimeter. Following imagewise exposure, a print-out image can be observed; if the exposed element is not exposed to ambient light, the print-out image can be intensified by developing in a surface developer.

Abstract: A novel method of removing surface tack of a cured free radical polymerized resin composition which comprises impregnating the surface layer of the cured free radical polymerized resin composition with a specific organic carbonyl compound and irradiating the impregnated layer of the cured resin composition with specific actinic rays. The method of the present invention is applicable for effectively removing surface tack of cured photopolymerized or heat-polymerized resin compositions, especially photopolymer type printing plates manufactured therefrom.

Abstract: A system for producing decorative plates for photoprinting includes forming variously colored translucent wax layers into a laminar bar from which transverse thin sections are cut and mosaicked edge-to-edge on a transparent support, back-lighted and photographed to produce a positive transparency; both pre-sectioning and post sectioning distortions are employed and a matching "open face" disposition pattern provides symmetry.

Abstract: In a photographic element for the color diffusion transfer process including a neutralizing system for reducing the pH of an aqueous alkaline processing solution which comprises a neutralizing layer and a timing layer, the improvement which comprises the timing layer comprising a polymer latex which is produced by emulsion polymerization of (1) each of (A) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene-type monomers having at least a free carboxylic acid group, a free sulfonic acid group or a free phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof and (B) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monomers represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a --COOR.sup.1 group; Y is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a --(CH.sub.2).sub.n COOR.sup.2 group; Z is an aryl group, a --COOR.sup.3 group or a ##STR2## group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A composition for a recording material comprising a bismuth-sulfur series material or a bismuth-germanium-sulfur series material.

Abstract: A polymer comprising acrylamide units or anionic sulfonate units and a unit having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, halogen or alkyl;L is a linking group; andM is H,an ammonium cation or an alkali metal, can be metallized to form a metallized polymer. The metallized polymer is useful either as or with a mordant for dyes or dye formers that chelate metals.

Abstract: A photographic element particularly for the color diffusion transfer process having a support and an image pattern receiving layer which comprises a polymer containing at least 10 mole percent of a repeating unit of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or a cycloalkylalkyl group; and X.sup..sym. represents a monovalent anion.