Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structures, and processes for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to a photoreceptor additive to improve impermeability to gases and moisture so as to minimize environment variation of photoreceptor performance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having at least a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive support, in which a surface layer of the photoconductive layer can be obtained by curing at least a free-radical-polymerizable monomer having no charge transporting structure, represented by general formula (A) and a one-functional free-radical-polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure, wherein R71, R72, R73, R74, R75, and R76 are described in the specification.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties while being prevented from the generation of blade turn-up, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic properties, a method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member are provided. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a polymer having a specific repeating structural unit and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. The fluorine-atom-containing particles in the surface layer are dispersed so as to be provided with particle sizes almost up to those of primary particles.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic photoreceptor possessing a photosensitive layer having a surface layer, provided on a conductive support, wherein the surface layer of the organic photoreceptor contains a block copolymer composed of a matrix component and a low surface energy component, and possesses a sea/island structure having domains formed by aggregating the low surface energy component in the block copolymer, and also disclosed are a process cartridge, an image forming method and an image forming apparatus, employing the foregoing organic photoreceptor.

Abstract: Backing layers, which may be useful for reducing torque in electrophotographic photoreceptors, are provided. The backing layers, which may be anti-curl backing layers, include a polymer matrix having a particulate inorganic lubricant and a particulate fluoropolymer uniformly dispersed therein. Also provided are electrophotographic photoreceptors that include a substrate and the backing layers, electrophotographic imaging apparatuses that include such photoreceptors, and methods for forming the photoreceptors.

Abstract: Overcoat layers, which may be useful for reducing torque in electrophotographic photoreceptors, are provided. The overcoat layers include a polymer matrix having a particulate inorganic lubricant and a particulate fluoropolymer uniformly dispersed therein. Also provided are electrophotographic photoreceptors that include a substrate and the overcoat layers, electrophotographic imaging apparatuses that include such photoreceptors, and methods for forming the photoreceptors.

Abstract: An image bearing member including an electrostatic substrate, a photosensitive layer located overlying the electrostatic substrate, a surface layer located overlying the photosensitive layer, and the surface layer is a cross-linking resin layer in which particulates having a needle form are dispersed and which is formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable functional groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure.

Abstract: An object is to provide a latent electrostatic image bearing member that can provide high-quality images for prolonged periods, owing to photosensitive layers and crosslinked surface layers having excellent flaw and wear resistance and appropriate electric properties, image forming method, image forming apparatus and process cartridge that employ latent electrostatic image bearing member respectively. Accordingly, provided is a latent electrostatic image bearing member that comprises a support and at least a photosensitive layer and a crosslinked surface layer disposed on the support, wherein the crosslinked surface layer comprises a reactant from radical polymerizable compounds having three or more functionalities with no charge transport structure and radical polymerizable compounds having one functionality with charge transport structure, and at least two different antioxidants.

Abstract: Photoconductors are disclosed having an overcoat layer of silsesquioxane substituted with 4-[3-(triethoxysilylpropoxy]-2-hydroxybenzophenone. The degree of substitution is believed not critical. Similarly, the thickness of the coating is not critical and may vary according to the wear anticipated, as well as the electrical requirements of the specific application. Improvements are realized using this material in comparison to unsubstituted silsesquioxane.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus for lowering friction coefficient and lowering surface energy of photoconductor surface in particular, which comprises an electrophotographic photoconductor, charging unit, light exposure unit, developing unit, transferring unit, and fixing unit, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprises a photosensitive layer on a conductive support and fluoropolymer fine particles at the outermost layer, a part of the fluoropolymer fine particles are exposed above the surface of the outermost layer in configurations of primary particles and secondary particles formed by flocculation of plural primary particles, and sum of area ratios of particles in the configurations of the primary particles and the secondary particles, each particles having an average diameter D of 0.15 ?m?D?3.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate; a photosensitive layer which is located overlying the electroconductive substrate and which is not radically crosslinked; and an outermost layer which is located overlying the photosensitive layer and which includes a radically crosslinked material, wherein the radically crosslinked material includes a unit having a specific formula. An image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge, which use the photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoating layer, the overcoating layer including a cured polyester polyol or cured acrylated polyol film forming resin and a charge transport material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed having a first area layer and a second area layer on a substrate. The first area layer and the second area layer are formed by deposition using different methods, and an intermediate layer is provided therebetween. The intermediate layer is changed continuously in composition in such a manner that the composition at the surface in contact with the first area layer is approximately the same as the composition of the first area layer and that the composition at the surface in contact with the second area layer is approximately the same as the composition of the second area layer, whereby the various characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is prevented from deteriorating.

Abstract: A method of preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, including forming a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate; and forming a surface layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed by a spray coating comprising a spray droplet having an average diameter (D50) not greater than 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support, the electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface with a universal hardness (HU) in the range of between 150 and 220 N/mm2 and an elastic deformation ratio in the range of between 50 and 65%. The present invention also provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An imaging member has a crosslinked overcoat layer. The overcoat layer is formed from an overcoat solution comprising a trisilanol polyhedral oligomeric polysilsesquioxane; two crosslinking agents; a hole transport molecule; an acid catalyst; and an alcohol solvent. The overcoat layer provides excellent wear resistance at a low cost.

Abstract: An imaging member containing a substrate, and an outer layer containing a zinc diethyldithiophosphate, and an image forming apparatus for forming images on a recording medium including the imaging member above, a development component to apply a developer material to said charge-retentive surface to develop said electrostatic latent image to form a developed image on said charge-retentive surface; a transfer component for transferring said developed image from said charge-retentive surface to another member or a copy substrate; and a fusing member to fuse said developed image to said copy substrate.

Abstract: The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes a cylindrical support, a photosensitive layer and an outermost surface layer that are layered onto the cylindrical support in this sequence from the cylindrical support side. The outermost surface layer includes a charge transport material and a curable resin. The proportion of the content of the curable resin in the outermost surface layer increases in the layer thickness direction with distance from the photosensitive layer side. The process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention are provided with the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus are provided which not only secure mechanical strength sufficiently but also bring a vast improvement in charge transport performance and which can well satisfy electrical properties. An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided an outermost surface layer of which contains at least a charge transporting compound having chain polymerizable functional groups which is represented by the following general formula (1-1) or (1-2); the charge transporting compound having been polymerized or cross-linked and cured. Also provided are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such a photosensitive member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoconductor including at least a photoconductive layer on a conductive substrate, wherein the surface layer of the photoconductive layer contains at least a surface crosslinked layer formed by curing a tri- or more-functional radical polymerizable monomer without having a charge transporting structure and a mono-functional radical polymerizable compound having a charge transporting structure and the surface crosslinked layer has a surface roughness Rz of 1.3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A top surface layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive element (e.g., a charge-transporting layer) is rendered to contain a cyclic polysilane represented by the following formula (1). In the formula, R1 and R2 are the same or different from each other and each represents a group such as an alkyl group, an aryl group, and “m” denotes an integer of not less than 4. The cyclic polysilane may be a copolysilane. The content of the cyclic polysilane may be about 0.01 to 10% by weight relative to the whole components of the top surface layer.

Abstract: A polyurethane-silica hybrid, or polyurethane-silica/silsesquioxane hybrid overcoat improves the life of the photoconductor drum without significantly altering the electrophotographic properties of the PC drum. Wear can be caused by a variety of factors, which include contact with the cleaner blade, paper, or intermediate transfer member or by erosion or scratching from toner components. The combination of hard and soft segments allows for a tough, wear resistant material with the added flexibility to prevent erosion from toner particles that are swept along the surface of the drum by the cleaner blade. A benzophenone ultraviolet absorber chemically linked to the silsesquioxane appears to inhibit room light fatigue and improve the electrostatic cycling of the PC drum. The overcoat also inhibits crazing.

Abstract: A composition for an overcoat layer suitable for use in an organophotoreceptor for liquid toner, an organophotoreceptor manufactured by employing the composition and an electrophotographic imaging apparatus containing the organophotoreceptor. Since the organophotoreceptor can maintain higher charge potential and low residual or discharge potential, the lifetime of the organophotoreceptor can be extended. Also, since the organophotoreceptor has good solvent resistance and abrasion resistance, it can be advantageously used for liquid toner.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a group 13 element and oxygen, and absorption peak intensities showing bonds other than a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen are 0.1 times or less of an absorption peak intensity showing a bond between the group 13 element and oxygen in an infrared absorption spectrum in a range of 4000 cm?1 to 400 cm?1, is provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer formed thereon in this order, wherein the surface layer contains a Group 13 element and at least one of nitrogen or oxygen.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member comprises a substrate, an electrophotographic imaging layer and an overcoat layer comprising a cross-linkable polymer and a hole transport material, wherein the overcoat layer provides at least one of solvent resistance and hydrocarbon resistance to the electrophotographic imaging layer.

Abstract: An imaging member containing an optional supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoat layer comprised, for example, of a phenolic resin containing a phenolic charge transport component.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more specifically, to a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer superimposed over a substrate. In one aspect of the invention, sequential laminations of a dispersion layer of conductive tantalum-doped tin oxide powder dispersed in a binder resin solution, are provided between the substrate layer and the photosensitive layer. Another aspect of the invention relates to a protective layer provided for the photosensitive layer. The protective layer of the most exterior surface of the photosensitive member may be a dispersion layer formed by dispersing tantalum-doped tin oxide powder in a resin solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a photosensitive layer and a protective layer is disclosed. The protective layer comprises a resin which is prepared by allowing at least two acrylic or methacrylic compounds to react, and the acrylic or methacrylic compounds include a minimum acryloyl equivalent compound having minimum acryloyl equivalent and a maximum acryloyl equivalent compound having maximum acryloyl equivalent and relationships 1) and 2) are satisfied; 100?maximum acryloyl equivalent?minimum acryloyl equivalent?400 ??1) 0.1?weight of minimum acryloyl equivalent compound/weight of maximum acryloyl equivalent compound?1.6.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic member, which have superior mold releasing and sliding properties and are able to maintain these properties over long periods of time, the photoreceptor comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer, the electrophotographic member comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer and filling voids in the first layer, and further provides a process cartridge equipped with said electrophotographic photoreceptor or said electrophotographic member, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate, a photoconductive layer arranged over the electroconductive layer with or without the interposition of an undercoat layer, and a surface top layer containing a crosslinkable resin arranged over the photoconductive layer, the photoconductive layer includes a charge generation layer containing a charge generating material, and a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, in which the surface top layer is substantially free from hydroxyl groups and residual uncured portions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrophotographic imaging member comprising a substrate, a charge transport layer and an overcoat layer formed by combining a film forming binder and a hole transporting hydroxy triarylamine compound having at least one hydroxyl functional group that is linked to a ring carbon of an aryl group by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and is capable of forming at least one of a chemical bond and a physical bond with the film forming binder. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic imaging member with an overcoat layer formed by combining a film forming polycarbonate binder, a hole transport material, a surface energy reducing silicone material comprising a crosslinkable acrylate monomer, and a solvent. Coatings and methods of forming imaging members also are disclosed.

Abstract: A crosslinked siloxane composite overcoat for electrophotographic photoreceptors, containing at least one siloxane-containing compound, a resin and metal oxide particles; photoreceptors containing the crosslinked siloxane composite overcoat; and image process cartridge and image forming apparatuses containing photoreceptors containing the crosslinked siloxane composite overcoat.

Abstract: A photoconductive having an overcoat layer that includes a cured or substantially crosslinked product of at least a melamine-formaldehyde resin and a charge transport compound, and an optional phenol compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a photoconductive layer, a protective layer, and a conductive support, wherein the protective layer is disposed as the outermost layer of the photoconductive layer, and 20% by volume to 60% by volume of fine particles of fluorine-contained resin and at least one compound selected from amine aromatic compounds and hydroxy aromatic compounds are incorporated into the protective layer. According to the present invention, high durability may be achieved, image degradation such as lags may be controlled from the increase of residual potential and decrease of charging, and high quality images may be formed stably even after the prolonged and repeated usage. The present invention also relates to an electrophotographic process, an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus which utilize the electrophotographic photoconductor respectively.

Abstract: Imaging members useful in electrostatographic apparatuses, including printers, copiers, other reproductive devices, and digital apparatuses. More particularly, imaging members having nano-sized particles serving as fillers dispersed or contained in one or more layers of the imaging member that provide for increased mechanical strength and improved wear.

Abstract: An imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer, wherein an external of the imaging member includes a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified silicone dispersed therein.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including: an outermost layer, wherein the outermost layer comprises an amino group-containing acryl-modified polyorganosiloxane, wherein the amino group-containing acryl-modified polyorganosiloxane is a copolymer in which a polyorganosiloxane represented by the following structural formula (1) and an acrylic monomer are graft-polymerized.

Abstract: An imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an outer overcoat layer including an electron conductive material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an organic photoreception layer that is formed on a conductive base and includes at least polycarbonate. An outermost surface of the organic photoreception layer has been subjected to surface treatment using plasma of gas including hydrogen, or hydrogen and nitrogen.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoating layer, the overcoating layer being a cured film formed from a composition including at least a hydroxyl group-containing polymer or oligomer, a benzoguanamine compound containing at least one —CH2OR group, wherein each such R is independently an H atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, and a charge transport compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes at least one layer including a hole transport material and a strong electron acceptor material, such as an electro photographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a hole transport layer, and an optional overcoating layer, wherein at least one layer of the electrophotographic imaging member comprises a strong electron acceptor material.

Abstract: There is provided: an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a photosensitive layer and a surface layer laminated on a conductive substrate in this order, the photosensitive layer including an organic substance, the surface layer including a group 13 element and nitrogen, a thickness of the surface layer being from about 0.01 ?m to less than about 1 ?m, and a center line average roughness (Ra) of a surface of the surface layer being about 0.01 ?m or less; a manufacturing method thereof; a process cartridge; and an image forming device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided, including an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the electroconductive substrate, wherein an outermost layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a resin including a graft copolymer in which a monomer having a polar group is graft polymerized to a polycarbonate resin, a polyarylate resin, or a copolymer thereof, and a filler; along with an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge using the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An imaging member having a substrate, a charge transport layer having a polymer and a first charge transport material dispersed therein, and wherein the charge transport layer has a glass transition temperature of from about 10 to about 45° C.; and an overcoat layer on the charge transport layer, wherein the overcoat layer includes a second polymer and a second charge transport material dispersed therein.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image bearing member is provided including a substrate and a photosensitive layer located overlying the substrate, wherein the outermost layer of the electrostatic latent image bearing member includes a cross-linked resin formed from a cross-linking reaction between a polyol having 2 or more hydroxyl groups including a reactive charge transport material having a specific formula and an isocyanate compound including an aromatic isocyanate compound having an isocyanate group and an aromatic ring; and the use of the electrostatic latent image bearing member in an image forming apparatus and a process cartridge.

Abstract: A charge transfer layer system that encapsulates or surrounds high viscosity silicone oils (polysiloxanes) using silicone microspheres, fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene or inorganic particles such as silica, or metal soaps (zinc stearate). The encapsulation of the silicone oil results in aggregation or agglomeration of the silicone microspheres, fluoropolymers, or inorganic particles. The silicone oils have viscosity greater than 10,000 centistokes (cs) and the particles are about 6 ?m or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor having a layer of a crosslinked resin obtained by reacting an epoxy group-containing amine compound having a charge transferability-imparting group with at least one silicon compound selected from an epoxy ring-free alkoxysilane compound, an epoxy ring-free silanol compound, an epoxy ring-containing alkoxysilane compound and an epoxy ring-containing silanol compound.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer thereon, the protective layer comprising a crosslinked film having a phenolic structure, in which the relationship between a pH of the exfoliated protective layer extracted with distilled water (pHOCL) and a pH of said distilled water (pHw) satisfies the following formula (A):pHOCL?pHW?0.5.