Abstract: A method to enhance resolution in optical lithography via absorbance-modulation involves exposing an opaque absorbance modulation layer (AML) to a first waveform having wavelength, 81, with the first exposure forming a first set of transparent regions in the opaque AML and forming a first pattern made of a set of exposed regions in a photoresist layer. Next, the AML is restored to its original opaque state. Next, the restored AML is re-exposed to the first waveform having wavelength, 81, with the exposure forming a second set of transparent regions in the opaque AML and forming a second pattern having a set of exposed regions in a photoresist layer. The first and second patterns in the photoresist layer form a final pattern with enhanced resolution and decreased spatial period than the first pattern.

Abstract: Methods of making pillar shaped device array using a triple or quadruple exposure technique are described. A plurality of pillar shaped devices are formed arranged in a hexagonal or rectangular pattern.

Abstract: An image forming method of forming a full-color image in which black can be expressed in addition to a color expressed by diffracted light. Each of plural diffraction gratings R, G, and B is transferred onto a base material from a transfer sheet in which the plural diffraction gratings R, G, and B are laminated, and the plural diffraction gratings R, G, and B are different from one another in a color of diffracted light observed in a particular direction. A black ink layer constituted by black ink is formed on the base material. Thereby, a color image is formed on the base material, in which a color to be expressed of each pixel is expressed by a combination of luminances of colors corresponding to the diffraction gratings R, G, and B and the black ink.

Abstract: A method of forming a glossy area on a pre-press proof is provided, wherein the method includes printing a spot varnish layer, wherein the presence of the spot varnish enhances the glossiness of the overprinted color layers of the image. The method provides a pre-press proof simulating a printed spot varnish.

Abstract: A multicolor image forming material comprising: an image receiving sheet comprising an image receiving layer; and at least five heat transfer sheets different in color each comprising a substrate, a light-heat conversion layer and an image forming layer, each of the heat transfer sheets being adapted to be superposed on the image receiving sheet with the image forming layer facing the image receiving layer and irradiated with laser light to transfer the irradiated area of the image forming layer to the image receiving layer to record an image on the image receiving sheet, wherein an area of the recording has a size of 515 mm by 728 mm or larger, the image forming layer of at least one of the heat transfer sheets has a thickness of 0.6 ?m or greater, and the at least one of the heat transfer sheets has an adhesive strength of 8 g/cm or higher between the light-heat conversion layer and the image forming layer in a non-irradiated area thereof.

Abstract: A multicolor image-forming material comprising: an image-receiving sheet comprising a support and an image-receiving layer; and at least four (yellow, magenta, cyan, black and the like) thermal transfer sheets each comprising a support, a light-to-heat converting layer and an image-forming layer, wherein image-recording is performed by the method comprising superposing each one of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving sheet to be in a state of the image-forming layer being in contact with the image-receiving layer; and irradiating the thermal transfer sheet with laser beams in two-dimensional array to transfer an image in an area of the image-forming layer subjected to irradiation onto the image-receiving layer, and a recording area of a multicolor image in each of the thermal transfer sheets is a size of 515 mm×728 mm or more, a resolution of the transferred image is 2,400 dpi or more, and each of the light-to-heat converting layers comprises from 1 to 20% by weight of a substance

Abstract: A photographic article. According to one embodiment, the photographic article comprises: a first image area comprising a photographic film negative of an image; and a second image area, different than the first image area, comprising a positive image of the image.

Abstract: A photographic article. According to one embodiment, the photographic article comprises: a first image area comprising a photographic film negative of an image; and a second image area, different than the first image area, comprising a positive image of the image.

Abstract: A multicolor image-forming material comprising: an image-receiving sheet comprising an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets each comprising a support, a photothermal converting layer and an image-forming layer, and each having a different color, wherein an image is formed by the method comprising the steps of: superposing each one of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving sheet to be in a state of the image-forming layer being in contact with the image-receiving layer; and irradiating the thermal transfer sheet with a laser beam to transfer an image in an area of the image-forming layer subjected to irradiation onto the image-receiving layer, and a ratio of the reflection optical density (ODr) of the image-forming layer to a thickness of the image-forming layer (?m unit) is 1.50 or more to 1, and a contact angle in relation to water of the image-forming layer and the image-receiving layer is from 7.0 to 120.0°.

Abstract: A photographic film with a row of sprocket holes formed on each side thereof includes a sensitometric step wedge of different light intensity values exposed along one side of the film, preferably located between the sprocket holes.

Abstract: A multicolor image-forming material comprises: an image-receiving sheet having an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets each including a support, a light-to-heat converting layer and an image-forming layer, in which each of the thermal transfer sheets has a different color, wherein an image is formed by: superposing the image-forming layer in each of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving layer in the image-receiving sheet, in which the image-forming layer is opposed to the image-receiving layer; irradiating the image-forming layer in the thermal transfer sheet with a laser beam; and transferring the irradiated area of the image-forming layer onto the image-receiving layer in the image-receiving sheet, and each of the light-to-heat converting layers in the at least four thermal transfer sheets has a ratio of an optical density (OD) to a layer thickness: OD/layer thickness (&mgr;m unit) of 0.57 or more.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus for forming a toner image including: a first light source emitting a beam corresponding to image information; a first photosensitive member; a first developing means for developing a latent image with a first toner; a second light source; a second photosensitive member; and a second developing means for developing a latent image with a second toner, in which the coloring agent contained in the first toner and the coloring agent contained in the second toner are substantially of the same hue, with the content of the coloring agent contained in the second toner being smaller than the content of the coloring agent contained in the first toner, and in which an oscillation wavelength of at least the first light source ranges from 370 to 500 nm. With the image forming apparatus structured as described above, an improvement in terms of granularity is achieved.

Abstract: A photographic article. According to one embodiment, the photographic article comprises: a first image area comprising a photographic film negative of an image; and a second image area, different than the first image area, comprising a positive image of the image.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic display element comprising a support, a front side which has at least one silver halide emulsion layer, and a back side, said front and back sides being on opposite sides of the support; wherein said photographic element further comprises printed on the back side a printing ink composition comprising coalesced hydrophobic polymer particles having associated therewith a squarine infrared absorbing dye represented by formula I: 1

Abstract: A multicolor image forming material comprising: an image-receiving sheet comprising an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets differing in color each comprising a support, a light-to-heat conversion layer and an image-forming layer, wherein the image forming material is used for recording a multicolor image by superposing the image-forming layer of each thermal transfer sheet and the image-receiving layer to face each other, irradiating laser light and transferring a region irradiated with the laser light of the image-forming layer onto the image-receiving layer, and at least one layer selected from the image-receiving layer and the image-forming layers comprises, as a fluorine-containing surfactant, a copolymer (I) comprising following repeating units (A), (B) and (C) as defined herein.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a laser thermal transfer recording method which comprises the steps of feeding an image receptor sheet and a plural number of thermal transfer sheets from a recording medium cassette, superposing the image receptor layer of the image receptor sheet upon the image formation layer of the thermal transfer sheets and holding them on a recording medium support member, and then irradiating the thermal transfer sheets with laser beams appropriate for image data to transfer the laser-irradiated regions on the image formation layer onto the image receptor layer of the image receptor sheet thereby recording an image, characterized in that the image receptor sheet and the thermal transfer sheets are laminated in the order of feeding into the recording medium support member and contained in the recording medium cassette and the coefficient(s) of static friction of the back layer surface of the image receptor sheet and/or the above-described thermal transfer sheets are 0.7 or below.

Abstract: Spherical beads of critical dimensions and optical properties are combined with polarizing and photosensitive materials to produce a photographic film which unexpectedly collects apparent three dimensional information in the light carrying images into said film.

Abstract: Improved processes and products for laser thermal imaging are described. These improved processes and products utlilize an image rigidification element and significantly reduce halftone dot movement, swath boundary cracking and banding.

Abstract: A self-developing diffusion transfer photographic film unit which includes a latent image which becomes visible upon photographic processing of the film unit. The latent image is formed with a chemical compound such as an indicator dye and the visible image formed from the latent image as a result of photographic processing may be transient or permanent. Also described are diffusion transfer photographic methods.

Abstract: A multicolor itage-forming material comprising: an image-receiving sheet comprising a support and an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets each comprising a support, a light-to-heat converting layer and an image-forming layer, and each having a different color, wherein an image is formed by the method comprising the steps of: superposing each one of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving sheet to be in a state of the image-forming layer being in contact with the image-receiving layer; and irradiating the thermal transfer sheet with a laser beam to transfer an image in an area of the image-forming layer subjected to irradiation onto the image-receiving layer, the image-receiving sheet has both lengthwise and breadthwise lengths of 50 cm or more, and an area (length×breadth) of 3,000 cm2 or more, and a spectral reflectance of a surface of the image-receiving layer to the laser beam is 65% or more.

Abstract: A method of recording identifiers, each including a group of character strings A and B including z1, and Z2 characters, respectively, on plate members involves the use of a photomask of a first type and at least one photomask of a second type. The photomask of the first type has an opaque pattern defining the character string A. The photomask of the second type has an opaque pattern defining at least one of the characters of the character string B. The method further includes the steps of forming a photoresist layer on one of the plate members, selectively exposing the photoresist layer to a radiation through the photomask of the first type to form a latent image of the character string A in the photoresist layer, and forming a latent image of the character of the character string B in the photoresist layer through the photomask of the second type.

Abstract: A self-developing diffusion transfer photographic film unit which includes a latent image which becomes visible upon photographic processing of the film unit. The latent image is formed with a chemical compound such as an indicator dye and the visible image formed from the latent image as a result of photographic processing may be transient or permanent. Also described are diffusion transfer photographic methods.

Abstract: A method for forming an image using a transfer material and an image-receiving material. The transfer material has at least a support, a light-heat exchange layer and a coloring material layer. The image-receiving material has at least an image-receiving layer. The coloring material layer is superposed on the image-receiving layer, and laser light is imagewasely irradiated onto this laminate from the transfer material side. An irradiated region of the coloring material layer transfers onto the image-receiving layer. The transfer material may include an electroconductive layer, and the surface of the coloring material layer may be charged by corona discharge before superposition. Moreover, yellow, magenta, cyan and black may be used one after another, The laser light may be irradiated from a multi-beam 2-dimensional laser array, The thickness of black coloring material layer is from 0.5 to 0.7 &mgr;m and is greater than the thickness of other coloring material layers.

Abstract: A multicolor image-forming material comprising: an image-receiving sheet comprising an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets each comprising a support, a photothermal converting layer and an image-forming layer, and each having a different color, wherein an image is formed by the method comprising the steps of: superposing each one of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving sheet to be in a state of the image-forming layer being in contact with the image-receiving layer; and irradiating the thermal transfer sheet with a laser beam to transfer an image in an area of the image-forming layer subjected to irradiation onto the image-receiving layer, and a ratio of the reflection optical density (ODr) of the image-forming layer to a thickness of the image-forming layer (&mgr;m unit) is 1.50 or more to 1, and a contact angle in relation to water of the image-forming layer and the image-receiving layer is from 7.0 to 120.0°.

Abstract: A multicolor image-forming material comprises: an image-receiving sheet having an image-receiving layer; and at least four thermal transfer sheets each including a support, a light-to-heat converting layer and an image-forming layer, in which each of the thermal transfer sheets has a different color, wherein an image is formed by: superposing the image-forming layer in each of the at least four thermal transfer sheets on the image-receiving layer in the image-receiving sheet, in which the image-forming layer is opposed to the image-receiving layer; irradiating the image-forming layer in the thermal transfer sheet with a laser beam; and transferring the irradiated area of the image-forming layer onto the image-receiving layer in the image-receiving sheet, and each of the light-to-heat converting layers in the at least four thermal transfer sheets has a ratio of an optical density (OD) to a layer thickness: OD/layer thickness (&mgr;m unit) of 0.57 or more.

Abstract: A method for forming an image using a transfer material and an image-receiving material. The transfer material has at least a support, a light-heat exchange layer and a coloring material layer. The image-receiving material has at least an image-receiving layer. The coloring material layer is superposed on the image-receiving layer, and laser light is imagewasely irradiated onto this laminate from the transfer material side. An irradiated region of the coloring material layer transfers onto the image-receiving layer. The transfer material may include an electroconductive layer, and the surface of the coloring material layer may be charged by corona discharge before superposition. Moreover, yellow, magenta, cyan and black may be used one after another, The laser light may be irradiated from a multi-beam 2-dimensional laser array, The thickness of black coloring material layer is from 0.5 to 0.7 &mgr;m and is greater than the thickness of other coloring material layers.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for enhancing hydrophobicity of the surface of a film support is disclosed, comprising subjecting at least one side of the surface to a gas-discharge plasma treatment in a gas phase atmosphere comprising (a) an inert gas comprising argon or helium and (b) a reactive gas comprising a hydrocarbon gas or fluorinated hydrocarbon gas. There is also disclosed a photothermographic material by the use of the support having been subjected to the surface treatment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic element comprising a base having a reflection surface on each side having a spectral transmission of less than 10% and at least one photosensitive silver halide containing layer on each side wherein said photographic element has a speed less than 50 ASA.

Abstract: An exposed film package for preserving one strip of exposed photographic film includes a film sheath, which has plural pockets. Plural film pieces are formed by cutting the one strip of the exposed film, and contained respectively in the pockets in the film sheath. An index photograph is constituted of photographic paper, on which positive images of frames from the one strip of the exposed film are printed. The photographic paper has a size substantially equal to the film pieces. The positive images are formed in reducing a size of the frames, and grouped in association with the film pieces. Groups of the positive images are arranged in consideration of an order of exposure of the frames. The index photograph is contained in one of the pockets in association with the film pieces constituting the one strip.

Abstract: An exposed film package for preserving one strip of exposed photographic film includes a film sheath, which has plural pockets. Plural film pieces are formed by cutting the one strip of the exposed film, and contained respectively in the pockets in the film sheath. An index photograph is constituted of photographic paper, on which positive images of frames from the one strip of the exposed film are printed. The photographic paper has a size substantially equal to the film pieces. The positive images are formed in reducing a size of the frames, and grouped in association with the film pieces. Groups of the positive images are arranged in consideration of an order of exposure of the frames. The index photograph is contained in one of the pockets in association with the film pieces constituting the one strip.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic element comprising a transparent sheet having a developed photographic image on each side, adhesively connected to a reflective base.

Abstract: An exposed film package for preserving one strip of exposed photographic film includes a film sheath, which has plural pockets. Plural film pieces are formed by cutting the one strip of the exposed film, and contained respectively in the pockets in the film sheath. An index photograph is constituted of photographic paper, on which positive images of frames from the one strip of the exposed film are printed. The photographic paper has a size substantially equal to the film pieces. The positive images are formed in reducing a size of the frames, and grouped in association with the film pieces. Groups of the positive images are arranged in consideration of an order of exposure of the frames. The index photograph is contained in one of the pockets in association with the film pieces constituting the one strip.

Abstract: A process of forming a halftone color proof containing at least one dye transfer image and at least one pigment transfer image, comprising imagewise-exposing, for less than about 10−4 sec., by means of a laser having a power density of greater than 104 W/cm2, a dye-donor element comprising a support having thereon a dye layer comprising a dye dispersed in a polymeric binder, the dye layer having an infrared-absorbing material associated therewith, the laser exposure taking place through the side of the support of the dye-donor element which does not have the dye layer thereon, and transferring a portion of the dye in the dye layer to a receiving element having thereon an image-receiving layer; and imagewise-exposing, for less than about 10−4 sec.

Abstract: The invention relates to a peel-apart, single sheet color proofing system capable of producing a negative image on a receiver sheet upon exposure to infrared laser radiation and peel development. The invention provides a negative working thermal imageable element for infrared laser imaging having a substantially transparent substrate, an infrared radiation sensitive, crosslinked thermal transfer layer on a surface of the substrate having a substantially uniform admixture of carbon black and a crosslinked polymer, a color layer on the crosslinked thermal transfer layer having a substantially uniform admixture of an organic binder and a colorant, and a thermoplastic adhesive layer on the color layer. The invention also provides a method for producing a negative image and a method for producing a negative working thermal imageable element.

Abstract: Spherical beads of critical dimensions and optical properties are combined with polarizing and photosensitive materials to produce a photographic film which unexpectedly collects apparent three dimensional information in the light carrying images into said film.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for obtaining permanent representations of full-tone, full-color photographs on bases such as ceramics, glass and plastic. This process contemplates the utilization of a set of transparent and opaque ceramic colors or mineral pigments in order to obtain the permanent representations of images on bases.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic film element and more particularly a color motion picture projection film element is provided comprising a transparent thermoplastic film support having a subbing layer unit, coated thereon at least one color forming hydrophilic layer and protective layer, characterized in that at least said subbing layer unit comprises at least one light-stabilizer, preferably absorbing ultraviolet radiation, and at least one chemical compound having reducing properties.

Abstract: A color reproduction method is described using laser addressable thermal transfer donor elements which may be used to image both color proofing films and printing plates. Matched proofs and plates may be generated by direct digital address since identical transfer media are used in the respective imaging processes. In addition, each plate bears a resin image of a color that matches the color of the ink that will be used with that plate thus providing a convenient means of identification. In other words, the identity of each plate (i.e. whether it bears the y, m, c or k separation image) is immediately apparent by visual inspection, thus removing any risk of confusion and any need to provide individual plates with identification marks.

Abstract: A media for restricting the copying of a document utilizing one or more microdots that are embedded in said document for providing a non-visual, but machine detectable mark or marks. The detected means for detecting the presence of one or more microdots in said document inhibits a copy machine from copying the document.

Abstract: A process for forming a colored partial picture element comprises a step of forming a colored light-sensitive resin composition layer on a transparent substrate by transfer so as to cover at least a part of multicolor patterns formed by picture elements each having one of the three primary colors of light which are provided on the transparent substrate, a step of irradiating the colored light-sensitive resin composition layer with an active ray through the transparent substrate to cure it, and a step of developing the above colored light-sensitive resin composition layer to form a colored partial picture element at a part where at least a part of the above multi-color patterns is not present, wherein the picture element of at least one color of the picture elements having the three primary colors of light contains at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by the following formulas (I) to (III) ##STR1## wherein variables in formulas (I)-(III) are defined in the specification.

Abstract: A process for exposing a silver halide-containing photothermographic element with radiation to produce a latent image comprising a) providing a source of radiation which emits a beam of radiation to produce a spot having at least one dimension of height or length of less than 600 micrometers at a target site, b) providing at said target site a photothermographic silver halide element sensitive to radiation emitted by said radiation source, c) emitting radiation a first time in an imagewise distribution from said radiation source so that said radiation strikes said element as spots having at least one dimension of length or width which is less than 250 micrometers, and d) then emitting radiation a second time in an imagewise distributed manner so that at least some spots from radiation emitted said second time overlap spots where said first emitted radiation struck said photothermographic element.

Abstract: A thermal mass transfer imaging process comprises the thermal mass transfer of a dye-receptive transparent donor layer which is then at least partially over-coated with a thermally transferred dye image.

Abstract: This invention makes available processes for preparing images, especially color proofs. A layer with imagewise tacky and nontacky areas is toned. Toner adhering to the tacky areas is transferred first onto a temporary support and from there onto an image receptor.

Abstract: A method for forming contact holes, capable of achieving an increased tolerance in design rule for formation of contact holes by: forming an insulating film over a semiconductor substrate; coating a positive photoresist film over the insulating film; primarily exposing the photoresist film to a light using a first exposure mask having windows adapted to allow portions of the insulating film corresponding to a part of contact holes to be exposed to the light, the part of contact holes having contact holes arranged diagonally to each other; secondarily exposing the photoresist film to the light using a second exposure mask having windows arranged diagonally to each other and not overlapped with those of the first exposure mask; removing the light-exposed portions of the photoresist film to form a photoresist film pattern for exposing portions of the insulating film respectively corresponding to the contact holes; and forming the contact holes using the photoresist film pattern as a mask.

Abstract: A security document with a design (e.g. a generally oval seal) is constructed in such a way that the design is full value halftone, such as produced from juxtaposed line screens having a frequency between 100-133 lines per inch. Negative and positive masks having an image (e.g. arabic numeral, letter, or other symbol), are used with the screens to produce a printing plate. A document is printed with the printing plate in a conventional lithographic process, and there is an overprinting on the design (at least that portion having the image) with a white opaque ink or overprint varnish to produce an image. The image is not readily visible to the naked human eye when viewed generally perpendicular to the plane of the document, but is readily visible by the naked human eye when the document is tilted so that it is viewed distinctly non-perpendicular to the plane of the document.

Abstract: A light-sensitive material for producing color-test films for multi-color printing is disclosed. The material has (A) a transparent flexible base film of a plastic, (B) a photopolymerizable layer containing (B1) a polymeric binder, (B2) a compound polymerizable by a free-radical mechanism, (B3) a compound capable of initiating the polymerization of (B2) under the action of actinic light, and (B4) a dye or a colored pigment in one of the basic colors of multi-color printing, and (C) a thermoplastic adhesion layer on the light-sensitive layer is described. A polymer of a vinyl alkyl ether is present in at least one of the layers (B) and (C). The material is processed by lamination to an image-receiving material, with subsequent exposure and peeling-apart of base film and image-receiving material. The unexposed layer areas remain together with the adhesion layer on the image-receiving material. These steps are repeated with at least one further part-color image.

Abstract: In microelectronic processing, the method of producing complex, two-dimensional patterns on a photosensitive layer with dimensions in the extreme submicron range. A photosensitive layer is first exposed to two beams of coherent radiation to form an image of a first interference pattern on the surface of the layer. The layer is subsequently exposed to one or more interference pattern(s) that differ from the first interference pattern in some way, such as by varying the incident angle of the beams, the optical intensity, the periodicity, rotational orientation, translational position, by using complex amplitude or phase masks in one or both of the coherent beams, or a combination of the above. Desired regions of the complex pattern thus produced are isolated with a further exposure of the photosensitive layer using any conventional lithography.

Abstract: A color proof formation method includes the steps of bringing a first color separated film original mounted upon an original mounting table into tight contact with a photosensitive material fixed upon a mounting table, and exposing the film original; separating the photosensitive material mounting table from the original mounting table; replacing or exchanging the first film original upon the original mounting table with a second color separated film original; and bringing the second film original into tight contact with the photosensitive material. The steps are repeatedly performed a predetermined number of times so as to form a color proof.

Abstract: In microelectronic processing, the method of producing complex, two-dimensional patterns on a photosensitive layer with dimensions in the extreme submicron range. A photosensitive layer is first exposed to two beams of coherent radiation to form an image of a first interference pattern on the surface of the layer. The layer is subsequently exposed to one or more interference pattern(s) that differ from the first interference pattern in some way, such as by varying the incident angle of the beams, the optical intensity, the periodicity, rotational orientation, translational position, by using complex amplitude or phase masks in one or both of the coherent beams, or a combination of the above. Desired regions of the complex pattern thus produced are isolated with a further exposure of the photosensitive layer using any conventional lithography.

Abstract: In microelectronic processing, the method of producing complex, two-dimensional patterns on a photosensitive layer with dimensions in the extreme submicron range. A photosensitive layer is first exposed to two beams of coherent radiation to form an image of a first interference pattern on the surface of the layer. The layer is subsequently exposed to one or more interference pattern(s) that differ from the first interference pattern in some way, such as by varying the incident angle of the beams, the optical intensity, the periodicity, rotational orientation, translational position, by using complex amplitude or phase masks in one or both of the coherent beams, or a combination of the above. Desired regions of the complex pattern thus produced are isolated with a further exposure of the photosensitive layer using any conventional lithography.