Abstract: An optical recording medium comprising a substrate and an information recording layer which consists of monolayer assemblies comprising a photochromic compound of which is based on cis-trans isomerization such as an amphipathic derivative of azobenzene, indigo or thioindigo having a long chain substituent, which monolayers are formed on the substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett method and oriented in a two-dimensional plain. When the recording medium is irradiated by light, light absorption spectrum of the recording layer changes so that information is recorded. Since the photochromic compound is oriented in a monolayer, its photochromism lasts long.

Abstract: A composite aluminum sheet for a presensitized lithographic printing plate comprises a support such as a thermoplastic sheet and an aluminum foil which has a matt surface with a roughness of 0.20-0.65 .mu.m R.sub.a on one side thereof and is prepared by twice or more repeatedly pack rolling doubled aluminum foils, the support being overlaid with the aluminum foil so that the matt surface thereof faces outside. A presensitized plate for lithography having excellent printing properties such as printing runnability can be prepared from the composite aluminum sheet.

Abstract: In silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials comprising at least one silver halide photographic emulsion layer on one side of a base and an emulsion protective layer thereon, and a hydrophilic colloid backing layer on the other side of the base, the improvement wherein said backing layer contains a polymer matting agent having an average particle size of 3.0 .mu.m or more and said emulsion protective layer contains at least one of a polyoxyethylene type surface active agent, and a silicone type slipping agent.

Abstract: Photographic elements comprising at least one protective hydrophilic colloid layer comprising at least one urethane of polyethylene oxide compounds as antistatic agent in the form of dispersed droplets having an average diameter ranging from 1500 to 12000 nm and method of covering such photographic elements with at least one such protective hydrophilic colloid layer obtained by the steps of dissolving such urethane in a water-immiscible solvent medium, emulsifying the resulting solution in aqueous hydrophilic colloid, removing said water-immiscible solvent medium by evaporation to form the dispersed droplets in the aqueous hydrophilic colloid, and coating the latter as such or after having been mixed with additional hydrophilic colloid to form the protective hydrophilic colloid layer.

Abstract: A radiation-curable composition suitable for use as a protective coating for a photographic element comprises a polymerizable acrylic compound, a polymerizable epoxy-functional silane compound, a free-radical photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of said acrylic compound, and 0 to 2 percent of the total composition on a weight basis of a cationic photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of said epoxy-functional silane compound, said composition containing epoxy functionality only in a silane compound.

Abstract: A method for exposing a layer of photoresist on a sheet includes positioning the sheet in a vacuum printing frame comprising a glass plate carrying an opaque master pattern of metal or metal oxide. With the pattern opposite the coating, the frame is evacuated and the layer is exposed. The pattern has a substantially-uniform thickness in the range of about 0.5.+-.0.2 micrometer. To reduce the times for evacuating and devacuating the frame, the pattern side of the glass plate carries an array of light-transparent islands up to about 3.0-micrometer thick. An overcoating of wax on the islands is a further aid.

Abstract: A packaging film for photosensitive materials for photographic purposes which is a laminated film containing at least a metallized film layer and two polyethylene polymer layers which are located on both sides of the metallized film layer, at least one of the above polyethylene polymer layers contains more than 50 wt % of linear low density polyethylene manufactured by a low pressure method, and side or both of the above polyethylene polymer layers contains 0.3 to 30 wt % of a light-shielding material, and the strength of one or both sides of the above polyethylene polymer layers is stronger than the adhesive force between the above metallized film and the difference in the thickness of the polyethylene polymer layers is smaller than 50%.This film is superior in physical strength, moisture proofing, gas barrier, light-shielding and antistatic character, and it is superior as a packaging film for a photosensitive material for photographic purpose.

Abstract: An optical recording medium having a substrate, an optical recording layer formed on the substrate, and at least one film consisting of a carbide and a nitride and formed on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for exposing a layer of photoresist on a sheet includes positioning the sheet in a vacuum printing frame comprising a glass plate carrying an opaque master pattern of metal or metal oxide. With the pattern opposite the coating, the frame is evacuated and the layer is exposed. The pattern has a substantially-uniform thickness in the range of about 0.5.+-.0.2 micrometer. To reduce the times for evacuating and devacuating the frame, the pattern side of the glass plate carries an array of light-transparent islands up to about 3.0-micrometer thick. An overcoating of wax on the islands is a further aid.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material is described comprising a support having thereon at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, with at least one of said light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers containing a mono-dispersed silver halide emulsion, said color photogrphic material further comprising at least one auxiliary layer containing silver halide grains having substantially light-insensitivity and containing more than 75 mole % silver chloride.The silver halide color photographic material is improved in dependence of photographic characteristics with respect to the extent of stirring of a processing solution during development processing.

Abstract: A process for the ozone protection of photopolymer flexographic printing plates using alcohol soluble polyamides, which are applied onto the exposed and developed surface of the flexographic printing plate in a mixed solution comprising n-propanol and n-butanol, e.g., 10 to 90% and 90 to 10% by weight, respectively.

Abstract: A pellicle mounting apparatus characterized by a pair of pellicle holder assemblies positioned on either side of a photomask holder assembly. A drive mechanism is coupled between the two pellicle holder assemblies to exert a simultaneous force on the two assemblies to drive them towards or away from the photomask holder assembly. An alignment assembly including a pair of telescopes are first aligned with pellicle holder assemblies, and then the photomask is adjusted to align it with the telescopes. Once the pellicle holder assemblies and photomask holder assembly are properly aligned, pellicles can be repeatedly and accurately attached to opposing sides of a series of photomasks.

Abstract: A photosensitive element containing a photosensitive composition sandwiched between a flexible support layer and a removable cover sheet, wherein the cover sheet has a roughened surface.

Abstract: A coating composition for the backside of photographic prints and photographic prints so coated are described. The white coating is reflective, flexible, and water resistant.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is described, comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide photographic light-sensitive emulsion layer, said photographic light-sensitive material further comprising at least one light-insensitive surface layer on at least one side thereof, at least one of said surface layer or layers comprising a graft polymer or copolymer having a silicone unit, and at least one of said surface layer or layers and a layer or layers adjacent to the surface layer or layers comprising an antistatic agent.The silver halide light-sensitive material has good antistatic property and reduced sliding friction without giving bad influences on the photographic properties; has good antistatic property and lubricity after development processing; has improved antistatic property and lubricity without reducing the coating properties at the production of the photographic light-sensitive material; and forms no scum during development processing.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of stable aqueous dispersions of finely divided solid spherical polymer beads having an average particle size between about 0.5 and about 5 .mu.m and having a glass transition temperature of at least 40.degree. C. by dissolving in an aqueous solvent mixture at least one .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer capable of forming a polymer that is soluble in the monomer(s) present in said aqueous solvent mixture but which is insoluble in said aqueous solvent mixture, a free radical-forming polymerization initiator, and a graft-polymerizable polymer containing hydrophilic groups, heating the solution to a temperature from 50.degree. C. to the reflux temperature thereof with stirring so as to form said polymer beads. The polymer beads can be used in an antifriction surface layer, an antihalation surface layer, an antistatic surface layer, or in a protective surface layer of a photographic element or in a top layer of a drafting film containing a photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A photographic support comprising a plastic film having on at least one surface thereof a layer comprising a polymer that including ethylene units of the formula ##STR1## and vinyl alcohol units of the formula ##STR2##

Abstract: A polymer blend comprising cellulose nitrate and a polymer characterized in that (a) the polymer comprises at least 70 weight percent of polymerized recurring units derived from a hydrophobic monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, alkyl acrylates and alkyl methacrylates and 10 to 24 weight percent of polymerized recurring units derived from an acid monomer selected from the group consisting of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid; and (b) the blend comprises from 20 to 70 weight percent of cellulose nitrate and from 8 to 15 weight percent of the polymerized recurring acid monomer and is useful as a protective layer in radiation-sensitive elements.

Abstract: A track recording support for recording devices is suggested with a support (10) made of paper or plastic on which a metallic coating (12) is mounted by means of evaporation and being able to be burned off by means of recording electrodes, in particular an aluminum coating. A lubricant in a finely dispersed form is added to contrast coating (11) for reducing of scratching and grinding traces on the surface of metal coating (12) which reaches metal coating (12) and the freely exposed surface thereof by means of diffusion. Preferably, the lubricant is fed to the contrast substance in a powdery form before the processing of the same. On the one hand, it acts in a physical point of view by a reduction of the slide friction on the surface and, on the other hand, in a chemical point of view in that it substantially prevents the build up of combustion residues from the contrast layer on the recording electrodes.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material is disclosed, comprising a support having provided thereon light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, wherein on the outside of the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer positioned farthest from the support, a layer containing silver halide fine grains of about 0.2.mu. or less in average grain size is provided, and in the silver halide color photographic light-sensitive material at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I) is present: ##STR1## wherein M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium group, X represents COOM' or SO.sub.3 M' (wherein M' represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal or a quaternary ammonium group), n represents 1 or 2, R.sub.1 represents a group capable of substituting on the phenyl group, and m represents 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for photomechanical process is described, comprising a support, at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer thereon, and at least one light-insensitive upper layer on the emulsion layer. At least one of the light-insensitive upper layers contains a compound having an electric charge and being substantially insoluble in water but soluble in a water-miscible organic solvent; a method for a reducing treatment is also described, which comprises bringing a silver image formed on the light-sensitive material into contact with a reducer through the light-insensitive upper layer containing the aforesaid compound.

Abstract: A photohardenable element comprising a support bearing, in order, optionally a solvent-soluble nonphotosensitive layer, at least one photohardenable layer and a nonphotosensitive liquid removable layer, the photohardenable layer present immediately beneath the nonphotosensitive layer having therein substantially discrete, inert particles at least some of which cause protuberances in the nonphotosensitive layer. The particles have a size range of 0.1 to 10.0 .mu.m, not more than 50% by volume being below 3.5 .mu.m. A preferred element contains two photohardenable layers, the lower layer having an optical density greater than 3.0 over at least the 300 to 550 nm spectral region. The elements can be used for the preparation of proofs and printing plates.

Abstract: A method of processing an image-wise exposed silver halide color photographic material is described, having on a support at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the total amount of silver iodide contained in the light-senstive silver halides in said light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers being higher than 4.0.times.10.sup.-3 mole/m.sup.2, which comprises processing the color photographic material further containing in a protective layer thereof a super fine grain silver halide, having a mean grain size of less than 0.2 .mu.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical disc comprising a resin disc (1), a metal film (2) formed on at least one surface of the resin disc (1), a protective film (3) highly adhesive to the metal formed on the resin disc (2), and a hard coating film (4) formed on the resin disc (1) and the protective film (3) and having a bridging density higher than that of the aforementioned protective film (3) and such a high surface hardness that it is not vulnerable even when the optical disc is roughly handled; the protective film (3) on the metal film (2) has the three effects of protecting the metal film (2), improving the corrosion prevention and, further, improving the cohesion to the hard coating film (4).

Abstract: A process for producing a light-sensitive lithographic plate requiring no dampening solution comprising (1) carrying out corona discharge treatment on the surface of a silicone rubber layer of a light-sensitive lithographic plate requiring no dampening solution wherein the silicone rubber layer is the top layer, (2) spraying a solution or dispersion containing a non-volatile solid component on said silicone rubber layer, and (3) drying to provide fine projection patterns on said silicone rubber layer.

Abstract: A method for exposing a layer of photoresist on a sheet includes positioning the sheet in a vacuum printing frame comprising a glass plate carrying an opaque master pattern of metal or metal oxide. With the pattern opposite the coating, the frame is evacuated and the layer is exposed. The pattern has a substantially-uniform thickness in the range of about 0.5.+-.0.2 micrometer. To reduce the times for evacuating and devacuating the frame, the pattern side of the glass plate carries an array of light-transparent islands up to about 3.0-micrometer thick. An overcoating of wax on the islands is a further aid.

Abstract: A photosensitive element containing a photosensitive composition sandwiched between a flexible support layer and a removable cover sheet, wherein the photosensitive composition has a roughened surface.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a reflective support having thereon a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers of which the silver halide layer located farthest from the support contains not less than 15 mole percent of silver chloride and two non-light-sensitive layers each containing an ultraviolet absorbing agent.

Abstract: As part of a photographic film, a backing layer is coated with an auxiliary layer designed to conduct antistatic properties from an antistatic underlayer to the surface of the backing.

Abstract: An optical data storage system is contemplated, one employing a data-modulated writing laser beam and a non-erasing reading laser beam of predetermined wavelength.Improved optical media for such systems are described, these characterized by multiple layers whose optical characteristics and thickness are chosen to accommodate a prescribed writing and reading energy and wavelength and so provide an "anti-reflection" condition for unrecorded portions of the medium and a relatively higher reflectivity for recorded portions. A preferred optical medium includes a highly reflective aluminum layer, a relatively transparent polymer spacer layer overlying the reflective layer, and an optical absorber (recording) layer overlying the spacer layer.Overcoating structure is specified in some detail; e.g., as a "soft pad" layer (e.g., fluoropolymer) on the absorber, with a "Hard" layer (e.g., radiation-cured acrylic) laid over the "soft pad" as an outer protective overcoat.

Abstract: s-Triazine compounds which contain in their molecule at least one sterically hindered phenol group and at least one polyalkylpiperidine group are effective optical stabilizers for photographic dyes and precursors thereof.

Abstract: A photographic element of the conventional wet processed type or of the dry silver type which includes an antihalation or acutance dye which absorbs in the near infrared and has a relatively low visible absorption while retaining a high extinction coefficient at .sub.max. The dye is of the general formula: ##STR1## in which: m+p=2,n is 0 or 1,s is 0 or 1,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 independently represent the non-metallic atoms necessary to complete a heterocyclic nucleus of the type present in cyanine dyes,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent an alkyl or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl or aralkyl group of up to 20 carbon atoms,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl group of up to 10 carbon atoms,R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: 3-Aminoallylidenemalononitrile is useful for absorbing ultraviolet radiation near 400 nm, with no absorption near 420 nm, when directly dispersed in a photographic gelatin layer.

Abstract: A silver halide light-sensitive material is described, comprising(1) an emulsion layer containing light-sensitive silver halide grains, and(2) a layer containing metal salt grains on which a dye is adsorbed, which cannot be substantially developed and are sparingly soluble in water,wherein the absorption maximum of said dye is separated by 20 nm or more from the sensitization maximum of an emulsion layer located in a position farther from the light source than the layer containing said dye.

Abstract: A photosensitive element containing a photosensitive composition sandwiched between a flexible support layer and a removable cover sheet, wherein the cover sheet has a roughened surface.

Abstract: A method of forming an image by heat development of a photosensitive material comprising a support having a heat development photosensitive layer comprising imagewise exposing said layer and then bringing a non-water-permeable layer into close contact with said photosensitive layer, and heat developing said material, said photosensitive layer containing(a) an organic acid silver salt;(b) a photosensitive silver halide;(c) a reducing agent; and(d) a binder of at least one of gelatin and a gelatin derivative,said non-water-permeable layer comprising a high molecular compound selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylic ethyl, polymethacrylic methyl, polymethacrylic ethyl, polyvinylidene chloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polycarbonate, polybutadiene, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propio

Abstract: This invention relates to a light-sensitive copying material comprising a layer support and a positive-working light-sensitive layer thereon having a rough surface and a content of finely divided particles, wherein the smallest dimension of the particles corresponds at least to the thickness of the layer.

Abstract: An image holding member for electrostatic images or toner images has a three-layered insulating layer at the surface. The insulating layer is composed of an upper layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin, an intermediate layer mainly composed of an organic solvent soluble thermoplastic resin and a cured thermosetting resin, and a lower layer mainly composed of a cured thermosetting resin.

Abstract: A light-sensitive printing plate is disclosed. The printing plate is comprised of a support base having a light-sensitive layer positioned thereon and a matting layer comprised of a micropattern of protuberances. The protuberances are present in a regular or randomly mixed manner on the light-sensitive layer and are comprised of a copolymer. The copolymer includes a monomer (unit a) with a sulfonic acid group, a monomer (unit b) selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof and alkyl methacrylates having 4 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety thereof and a monomer (unit c) copolymerizable with monomer (unit a) and monomer (unit b), monomer (unit c) as a copolymer having a glass transition point of 60.degree. C. or above. The matting layer does not cause staining of a film original when superposed thereon and is resistant to rubbing or pressure and provides a surface which can be vacuum contacted with a film in a short period of time.

Abstract: A transfer imaging system employing photosensitive microcapsules useful in obtaining high gloss images wherein the developer sheet is overcoated with a discontiuous layer of a thermoplastic polymeric pigment which is fused into a thin essentially transparent polymeric film following development.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for photomechanical process and a method for the reduction treatment of said light-sensitive material are described. The light-sensitive material comprises a support, at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, and at least one light-insensitive upper layer, characterized in that at least one light-insensitive upper layer contains a polymer comprising: (a) a monomer unit containing at least one group having an electric charge; and (b) a monomer unit having a functional group capable of crosslinking through a gelatin hardening agent with a like functional group of another polymer chain of the same type or with gelatin. The light-sensitive material is very advantageous; for example, it has greatly improved reduction treatment suitability, and the reduction treatment suitability is not deteriorated even if the amount of silver coated per unit area is reduced.

Abstract: A photohardenable element comprising a support bearing, in order, optionally a solvent-soluble nonphotosensitive layer, at least one photohardenable layer and a nonphotosensitive liquid removable layer, the photohardenable layer present immediately beneath the nonphotosensitive layer having therein substantially discrete, inert particles at least some of which cause protuberances in the nonphotosensitive layer. The particles have a size range of 0.1 to 10.0 .mu.m, not more than 50% by volume being below 3.5 .mu.m. A preferred element contains two photohardenable layers, the lower layer having an optical density greater than 3.0 over at least the 300 to 550 nm spectral region. The elements can be used for the preparation of proofs and printing plates.

Abstract: Gravure printing plates which are highly abrasion-resistant and scratch-resistant can be produced rapidly and simply from a photosensitive recording material by exposing the latter through a photographic positive, washing out the unexposed areas and drying the resulting gravure printing plate, if the photosensitive recording material employed, which comprises a photopolymerizable and/or photocrosslinkable layer (L) applied to a dimensionally stable base, contains finely divided, hard, abrasive particles in the layer (L), the surface of this layer, which subsequently constitutes the surface of the printing plate, has a peak-to-valley height of <2 .mu.m, and the materials of this layer are chosen so that, after exposure and development, it has a Vickers hardness of not less than 10 N/mm.sup.2, measured under load.

Abstract: A lithographic mask is corrected by ion beam removal of material at the location of a defect after the mask is initially formed. In the case of defects due to excess material (opaque defects), the ion beam removes the excess opaque material. In the case of pinholes (clear defects), the substrate (typically glass) is rendered opaque. The ion beam may be used for imaging the defect, typically by detection of secondary electrons or photons emitted where the ion beam impinges on the mask. Optical masks (visible, ultraviolet) and X-ray masks, among others, can be corrected.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising (a) 20 to 75 parts by weight of an urethane diacrylate or dimethacrylate compound obtained by reacting trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate with an acrylic or methacrylic monoester of a dihydric alcohol, (b) 20 to 75 parts by weight of a linear polymeric compound having a glass transition temperature of about 40.degree. to 150.degree. C., (c) a sensitizer and/or a sensitizer system which generate free radicals owing to actinic light, and (d) an acrylic or methacrylic ester containing a phosphoric acid group in the molecule in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of components (a) and (b) is excellent in heat resistance, resistance to thermal shock and solvent resistance, and is suitable for forming a soldering mask.

Abstract: Process for improving the printing quality of photohardenable reproduction materials for the production of relief printing plates whose surface has been abraded before imagewise exposure, by filling in the abraded relief with the photohardenable material itself or with a thermoplastic binder.

Abstract: The invention provides a master for use in image transfer by contact printing onto a transparent electrophotographic (TEP) film, which comprises an electrically insulating substrate having a planar surface which carries image elements deposited thereon; and a thin transparent insulating layer covering said planar surface and said image elements. The surface of the thin transparent insulating material is preferably profiled so that it comprises a base level and raised portions extending above said base level, the area of the raised portions being small compared to the total surface area of the transparent insulating layer. A thin transparent electrode may be incorporated between the substrate and the thin transparent insulating layer.Methods of forming such a master and of contact printing with it are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cover film for a color hard copy printing paper by which a colorless and transparent protective layer can be formed on a surface of a printing paper on which a color-print is made. The cover film for a color hard copy printing paper according to the present invention comprises a heat-resistant base and a cover material layer including a colorless and transparent ultraviolet ray shielding layer which is formed on the heat-resistant base, has no adhesive property for the heat-resistant base and is melted and transferred to a surface of a printing paper by heating. According to the cover film for a color hard copy printing paper, it is possible to form with ease a protective layer having small curl and high color fading protection property on a surface of a color-copied printing paper.

Abstract: An optical data storage system is contemplated, one employing a data-modulated writing laser beam and a nonerasing reading laser beam of predetermined wavelength.Improved optical media for such systems are described, these characterized by multiple layers whose optical characteristics and thickness are chosen to accommodate a prescribed writing and reading energy and wavelength and so provide an "anti-friction" condition for unrecorded portions of the medium and a relatively higher reflectivity for recorded portions. A preferred optical medium includes a highly reflective aluminum layer, a relatively transparent polymer spacer layer overlying the reflective layer, and an optical absorber (recording) layer overlying the spacer layer.Overcoating structure is specified in some detail; e.g., as a "soft pad" layer (e.g., fluoropolymer) on the absorber, with a "Hard" layer (e.g., radiation-cured acrylic) laid over the "soft pad" as an outer protective overcoat.

Abstract: Polymer compositions which have a low coefficient of friction are disclosed. The polymer compositions comprise a blend of at least 80 percent by weight of a solid of film-forming polymer and at least 0.35 percent by weight of a crosslinked silicone polycarbinol. The described composition retains its low coefficient of friction even after being exposed to hydrocarbon solvents during a cleaning process. The described compositions are particularly useful in forming protective layers for elements, particularly photographic elements.