Abstract: A series of perforated plates are placed in alignment with a horizontally sposed burner tube and canted to spread the flame from the burner both axially and transverse the axis of the tube. Each perforation is accompanied by an upper scoop that extends downward and toward the tube to direct some of the upward flowing flame through the perforation. Thereby, the flame is spread in both length and width to cover a larger grating surface above the tube.

Abstract: A compact, high efficiency condensing furnace includes a combustion chamber and a pair of radiators. The temperature of the combustion gases is reduced in one of the radiators to the point at which combustion products condense, thereby extracting the latent heat of vaporization from these combustion products. Each of the radiators has an inlet and an outlet and a baffle between the inlet and outlet to prevent combustion gases from passing directly from the inlet to the outlet. Additional turbulence-providing baffles can be provided within the radiators if desired. A combustion air inlet pipe extends through a recess in the bottom of each radiator to the combustion chamber, and a gas burner tube extends generally concentrically within the combustion air inlet pipe to provide a gas flame within the combustion chamber. A flame spreader plate directs the flame toward the bottom of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for feeding gases, aerosols and/or mixtures of gases and solids into the combustion of a steam boiler or other combustion chambers using heat, and a process for diminishing pollutants, which are formed when burning gases, aerosols and/or mixtures of gases and solids in steam boilers or other combustion chambers using heat.

Abstract: A compact forced air heater comprises a combustion chamber mounted in a housing, a burner module mounted across a back open end of the combustion chamber adjacent a back wall of the housing for producing heated air in the combustion chamber, an air intake in a front wall of the housing, and a high speed (3000 rpm) forced air blower mounted between the combustion chamber and the housing front end wall. The burner module includes a flameholder plate having a central primary air hole and circular rows of staggered secondary air holes surrounding the primary air hole. A flamespreader plate is mounted on the flameholder plate opposite the primary air hole, and an elongated right-angle burner tube, having a flattened locating-and-orienting end and at least one burner orifice in a sidewall of the tube, is located on an opposite side of the flameholder plate with the burner orifice aligned with the primary air hole and the flamespreader plate. An ignitor and a thermocouple are also mounted on the flameholder plate.

Abstract: An improved burner for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A food preparation apparatus including a cooking chamber having a pair of openings in two opposite facing walls thereof. A conveyor extends through the side wall openings in the chamber for conveying a food product through the chamber. First and second pairs of impingement finger ducts are provided for forming a plurality of columnated air jets and for impinging the jets against discreet points of a food product supported on the conveyor. A first one of each of said pairs of finger ducts is disposed above the conveyor and a second one of each of said pairs of finger ducts is disposed below the conveyor. First and second plenums, each of which has a fan respectively associated therewith, supply air to the finger ducts. A single burner is associated with the plenums for simultaneously supplying thermal energy to both plenums. The burner includes a first adjustable baffle for apportioning the thermal energy between the two plenums.

Abstract: A fuel burner apparatus for converting fossil fuel such as gas into heat. A cylindrical burner body is provided having an air inlet and a flame opening wherethrough flames, combustion gases and any unburned particles of fuel exit. A flame spreader apparatus is connected to the flame opening for evenly distributing the flames, combustion gases and unburned fuel particles coming out of the fuel burner. The fuel spreader apparatus includes a fuel spreader, a stem connected substantially perpendicular thereto and three leg portions connected at one end thereof to each other and at the other end thereof to the flame burner opening. The stem is connected to the meeting point of the three leg portions. A two-stage gas valve or a slow opening gas valve is provided for controlling the rate at which the fuel valve opens and allows fuel to enter the fuel burner. The fuel burner is connected to a heat exchanger which has a flue line and a blower connected to the flue line.

Abstract: A gas turbulator (21) is used in burners (20) of different kinds to obtain better combustion. The turbulator is placed in a chamber or passageway (10) for hot combustion gases. The turbulator fills the passageway forcing the gases to pass a double-wall it including a first membrane wall (22) with radial slits (24) and another membrane wall (23) with a central exhaust opening (26). The slits (24) have oblique wings (25) at least along one edge, which causes the gases to mix intensively within the space between the membrane walls (22,23). These are, during burning, maintained at a high temperature, which guarantees an efficient final combustion.

Abstract: A forced air heater (10) includes a removable burner module (26) in which all of the burner components are mounted on a common support plate (42) to facilitate mounting of the burner module in the heater and removal of the burner module from the heater for servicing. An elongated burner tube (46) has a closed flattened end (50) receivable in a location-and-orienting bracket (76) to locate a single burner orifice (52) in a sidewall of the tube in proper position with respect to a pancake flame-spreader plate (78). A gas valve (44) and ignition device (58) also form part of the burner module 26. A combustion chamber (24) is of essentially box-shaped construction, with one open end (36), and includes an inclined baffle plate (40) which enhances mixing of combustion products and intake air in the chamber. A forced air blower (28) is mounted adjacent a heated air discharge opening (36b) of the combustion chamber (24).

Abstract: A burner suitable for use in a ground flare has a fuel gas supply pipe shaped to have a low resistance to upward air flow. The fuel gas supply pipe has one or more outlets in its upper surface which direct fuel gas onto adjacent plates to cause spreading and mixing of the fuel gas with aspirated air. The plates have a top edge adapted to give flame retention. The central portion of the upper edge of the plate is inclined into a substantially horizontal position towards the fuel gas outlet and the outer portions of the plate are inclined in the direction away from the fuel gas outlet.

Abstract: The underfeed stoker has a retort (6) which is located at a height `h`, an arch having a minimum width `w`. The ratio of the minimum width `w` to the height `h` is greater than 1.5 and less than 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to furnaces equipped with an insulating inner lining formed from fibers. The object of the invention is to reduce the thermal discontinuities at the level of the orifice tube of the burner. For this purpose, the orifice tube consists of blankets of fibers arranged radially round the burner and compressed to a greater extent in the inner part facing the axis of the burner than in the outer part. The density in the inner part preferably reaches 300 to 400 kg/m.sup.3.

Abstract: Burner for a concealed flare has a fuel gas supply pipe having a low resistance to upward aspirated air flow. The pipe has outlets directing fuel gas onto adjacent plates which cause spreading and mixing of fuel gas with aspirated air. The angle of fuel gas impingement on the plates is 1.degree. to 55.degree. and the plates have a flame retaining top edge.

Abstract: A solid fuel heating appliance in the form of a wood burning stove employs a combustor for oxidizing oxidizable species in the exhaust. A flame break is provided between the combustor and the combustion chamber of the stove to avoid impingement of flames on the combustor.

Abstract: This process enables the recovery of mercury from waste containing plastic material, e.g. batteries. The waste is slowly heated while an inert gas is being introduced in a vacuum for fractionating extraction of the products of the decomposition of the plastic. The waste gases must pass through an afterburner chamber incorporating a specially shaped burner where the plastic vapors are fully combusted. The waste gases are conducted from the afterburner chamber through a cooling trap and then through a cold trap in which the mercury is condensed and can be drained off. The final stage of the process is carried out in a pulsating vacuum by the inert gas.The device in which the process takes place consists of a heated heat isolated treatment chamber (2), an afterburner chamber (6), a cooling trap (7), a cold trap (18) and a vacuum pump (23, 24) connected with pipelines (5, 12, 21).

Abstract: A boiler liner intended for improvement of combustion, reduction of smoke loss, and procurement of heat flow in existing oil- or gas-fired central heating boilers, through which the supplied heat energy is better utilized, by way of heat resistant material to upwardly confine the flame room as compared with an existing larger boiler chamber. The liner flame limitations are made from a highly insulating material which will cause the assimilated heat to be stored at temperatures almost equalling the flame temperature, resulting in the stored volume of heat being quickly given off by radiation after the flame has been extinguished. Undesirable heat convection in the boiler chamber will fail to manifest, and counterradiation from the highly insulated material will prolong the interval between the sparks.

Abstract: This central heating apparatus for oil burner and boiler systems comprises a detachable structure disposed in the boiler furnace between the burner and the boiler; the structure comprises essentially a base frame supporting a vertical upright rigidly welded thereto and to which an assembly of stacked elements are secured by means of a common and single belt substantially aligned with the burner; this assembly comprises a pyramidal front member facing the burner, followed by a fan-like assembly of radial blades and, bearing against the upright, a perforated plate of which the holes are so punched that their material forms protruding fins directed towards the burner flame and adapted to become white hot in order to improve the combustion and eliminate soot deposits and the release of excess smoke.

Abstract: A heater for heating gases such as turbine exhaust gases to facilitate the extraction of the heat energy carried by such gases or flue gases to reduce their corrosiveness. The heater is defined by burners installed on walls of the duct through which the gases flow. The burner can be operated with heavy fuel oil and normally uses no more primary air than is necessary to ignite the fuel oil atomized by the burner and sustain a flame. The flame is relatively long and narrow and is directed transversely to the gas flow into the duct. Upstream of the burner is a shield to protect the flame from the gas flow. The shield communicates with a register which collects an amount of gas sufficient to provide the balance of the combustion oxygen to fully combust all fuel. From the register the gas flows along inclined passages to the side of the shield facing the flame, the passages directing the gas in the direction of the flame and at an oblique angle in regard thereto.

Abstract: A heating furnace, suitable for use in a continuous steel slab heating furnace, wherein slabs are heated by fuel combustion flames. Heat transfer converters each made of a heat-resistant material are disposed downstream of the flow of the combustion flames, more particularly, in the preheating zone of the furnace. These converters are heated through convection heat transfer from a high temperature and high speed flow of the combustion flames.

Abstract: A cooking system includes a frypot comprising heat transfer walls which are spaced to facilitate cleaning of the frypot. Each heat transfer wall comprises a lower vertically extending portion and an upper outwardly curved portion shaped to cause wastes to flow to the bottom of the frypot. A plurality of burners are provided for maintaining combustion in zones adjacent to the vertically extending portions of the heat transfer walls. This causes heated products of combustion to flow upwardly along the vertically extending and outwardly extending portions of the heat transfer walls, whereby heat transfer is effected through the walls to cooking oil in the frypot. Each burner comprises two or more orifices for discharging mutually interacting gas jets and a target for deflecting the gas jets and entrained air toward the heat transfer walls and for reflecting heat into the combustion zone and through the heat transfer walls.

Abstract: A heater for heating gases such as turbine exhaust gases to facilitate the extraction of the heat energy carried by such gases or flue gases to reduce their corrosiveness. The heater is defined by burners installed on walls of the duct through which the gases flow. The burner can be operated with heavy fuel oil and uses no more primary air than is necessary to ignite the fuel oil atomized by the burner and sustain a flame. The flame is relatively long and narrow and is directed transversely to the gas flow into the duct. Upstream of the burner is a shield to protect the flame from the gas flow. The shield communicates with a register which collects an amount of gas sufficient to provide the balance of the combustion oxygen to fully combust all fuel. From the register the gas flows along inclined passages to the side of the shield facing the flame, the passages directing the gas in the direction of the flame and at an oblique angle in regard thereto.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for modifying the flow pattern of post ignition combustion products of a flame, preferably an oil fueled and air sustained flame, are disclosed which substantially reduces the concentration of NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: A premix-type gaseous fuel burning system for alternate or simultaneous combustion of low BTU gas and normal BTU gas comprises a gas supply means for providing both high BTU gas and low BTU gas at selected substantial velocity, and a burner tube for receiving said gas, whereby primary air is inducted into the burner tube and mixed with the gas flow. A burner head comprises a long narrow rectangular structure of tapered construction that is inserted upwardly into a corresponding rectangular opening in the floor of the furnace. The opening is also tapered in the same direction as the burner head, but with a selected annular spacing between the walls of the opening and the burner head. Means are provided for vertically adjusting the position of the burner head within the opening. Secondary combustion air is directed through the annular space between the burner head and the opening in the floor of a furnace.

Abstract: A heating furnace, suitable for use in a continuous steel slab heating furnace, wherein slabs are heated by fuel combustion flames. Heat transfer converters each made of a heat-resistant material are disposed within and in the flow of the combustion flames. These converters are heated through convection heat transfer from a high temperature and high speed flow of the combustion flames.

Abstract: A multi-flame fuel burner comprises a plurality of air-atomizing fuel nozzles and sources of pressurized gas and liquid and gaseous fuels associated with each nozzle. A flame spreader is employed in combination with each air-atomizing nozzle to stabilize and shape the flame. The number of nozzles and associated flame spreaders are set to provide the desired burn rate.

Abstract: The invention is to be used for afterburning of polydisperse high-ash thermal decomposition residues, as well as in the construction of the first stage of power utility furnaces for burning fuel with a low yield of volatile products and with a low reactivity.The furnace comprises a chamber having its bottom part narrowing downwards which is provided with an inlet pipe for admission of air and fuel to the chamber, and the top part of the chamber is provided with an outlet pipe for removal of combustion products from the chamber.A combustion stabilizer is accommodated in the chamber which comprises a blade-type stream swirling device having its blades arranged in the cross-section of the top part of the chamber upstream the outlet pipe in the path of flow of combustion products.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving the operation of oil-fired boilers comprising an oil burner and a combustion chamber the wall zone of which is provided with water-conducting cavities and longitudinal and transverse bores or recesses disposed in the combustion chamber at a specific distance in front of the wall situated opposite to the oil burner.

Abstract: An insert for the furnaces of particularly oil-fired boilers for intermittent operation, comprising an assembly of elements of fire-resisting glass of slight material thickness relative to their total surface area. The assembly is placed such that heat is accumulated therein at the same time as the property of the glass to transmit flame radiation is exploited.

Abstract: For the purpose of eliminating toxic compounds from exhaust gases emitted from fuel burners, boilers, furnaces and heat engines, an improved fuel burning apparatus is proposed in which fuel is combusted in the presence of a hot mixture of water vapor and oxygen gas produced through catalytic exothermic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The fuel burning apparatus will find numerous practical applications, preferred ones of which include provision in steam engines, gas and steam hybrid power plants and turbines.

Abstract: A combustion chamber device includes a combustion chamber and a rotatable cup-shaped fuel spreader arranged centrally therein. Liquid fuel is supplied to within said cup for being distributed therein and discharged therefrom and intermixed with an air stream supplied to said combustion chamber to form an air-fuel mixture which then is ignited. The spreader cup is located adjacent a combustion zone in the combustion chamber and provided with an enclosing insulation in the form of a layer of axially flowing air. According to the invention, the fuel spreader cup has a substantially straight and cylindrical inner surface with a circumferential shoulder or threshold adjacent the open end, said shoulder having a radial thickness sufficient for maintaining inside said spreader cup a fuel layer of required depth for obtaining a predetermined fuel supply volume in the cup.

Abstract: A cooking system includes a frypot comprising heat transfer walls which are spaced to facilitate cleaning of the frypot. Each heat transfer wall comprises a lower vertically extending portion and an upper outwardly curved portion shaped to cause wastes to flow to the bottom of the frypot. A plurality of burners are provided for maintaining combustion in zones adjacent to the vertically extending portions of the heat transfer walls. This causes heated products of combustion to flow upwardly along the vertically extending and outwardly extending portions of the heat transfer walls, whereby heat transfer is effected through the walls to cooking oil in the frypot. Each burner comprises two or more orifices for discharging mutually interacting gas jets and a target for deflecting the gas jets and entrained air toward the heat transfer walls and for reflecting heat into the combustion zone and through the heat transfer walls.

Abstract: Gas fired air heater for a central heating system comprising a heat exchanger in which are arranged a series of parallel rows of vertical heat exchange tubes, the lower ends of which are connected to a joint burner compartment and the upper ends of which are connected to a joint flue compartment. Two opposite lateral sides of the heat exchanger are connected to air supply and discharge compartments respectively for feeding the air to be heated transversely through the heat exchanger. The lateral air supply and discharge compartments have air inlet and outlet connections at their top and bottom walls only. One of said lateral air compartments is closed at one end and is connected to a fan at the opposite end, whereas at least one end of the other lateral air compartment is connected to a main duct for discharge of the heated air.