Abstract: A system and method uses a combustor and gasifier to burn a primary dirty fuel, such as waste materials or high-polluting fossil fuels, and a secondary low-polluting fuel, such as biomass fuels, for co-generation of electricity while reducing harmful emissions. The primary fuel is burned at least partially through the use of an improved burner tube. Dirty exhaust from a combustor is scrubbed by a gasifier by reforming the combustors exhaust gases into a clean-burning producer gas (syn-gas). The secondary fuel and oxygen are added to the dirty exhaust in the gasifier to create gas, char and ash. The gas powers an engine or turbine that turns a generator, or a boiler, Stirling engine, or Organic Rankine Cycle power plant, and releases a cleaner exhaust.

Abstract: A modular exhaust configured for exhausting a flue flow of a heat exchanger, the modular exhaust including a cross tube including an inlet end, an exit end and a central axis, wherein the cross tube configured for receiving the flue flow at the inlet end and channeling the flue flow to the exit end; a condensate drainage exit aperture disposed on a bottom portion of the cross tube, the condensate drainage exit aperture configured for draining condensate from the first heat exchanger; and a vertical tube including a central axis, a top end and a bottom end, the cross tube configured to be connected at the exit end of the cross tube to a portion of the vertical tube disposed between the top end and the bottom end, the central axis of the cross tube is not disposed perpendicularly with respect to the central axis of the vertical tube.

Abstract: A gas processor includes a burner chamber including a first end and a second end, a gas/fuel burner having an inlet receiving air and an inlet for receiving a first combustible gas including a nozzle providing a flame extending out from the nozzle. A syn-gas chamber including injection holes and a syn-gas feed line and a syn-gas nozzle plate is coupled between the second end of the burner chamber and the gas/fuel burner including over the nozzle, wherein syn-gas is directed by the injection holes into a path of the flame for combustion of the syn-gas. An air pipe having a plurality of air discharge ports extending from the first end to within the burner chamber having an air blower coupled thereto is configured to pump air into the burner chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pulverized coal fired boiler with wall-attachment secondary air and grid overfire air. Primary burners including primary air spouts, secondary air spouts and close coupled overfire air spouts arranged at intervals along the height direction of a hearth are arranged on four corners of the hearth. Two-way wall-attachment secondary air spouts and one-way wall-attachment secondary air spouts are arranged from bottom to top in a primary combustion zone where the primary burners are located. One-way wall-attachment secondary air spouts are arranged in a reduction zone between the primary burners and the top overfire air spouts, and grid overfire air spouts are arranged in a burnout zone where the overfire air is supplied.

Abstract: A combustion system is provided for an oxy-combustion furnace. The combustion system includes at least one windbox mountable on the oxy-combustion furnace and having at least one main firing location. At least one primary inlet is positioned in the at least one main firing location for conveying fuel and the first oxidant into the oxy-combustion furnace. At least one secondary inlet is positioned in the at least one main firing location for conveying the second oxidant into the oxy-combustion furnace. The at least one secondary inlet is angularly offset from the at least one primary inlet.

Abstract: Gasifier preheater fuel and moderator injection apparatus, systems and methods are provided. A preheater distributor ring is securely mounted within the shell dome of a gasification vessel, for the selective discharge of preheat fuel and oxidizer into the vessel during preheating operations, or for the selective discharge of moderating agents into the vessel during normal gasification operations.

Abstract: A mixing device (10) for a gas burner, with a housing (11) having a combustion air inlet (13), a gas inlet (14) and an outlet (15) for the mixture of gas and combustion air, and with a Venturi device (12) which is positioned in the housing, wherein the Venturi device is contoured to form a contraction section (19), a mixing section (20) and a diffuser section (21). A guide device (22) for combustion air, which divides combustion air which enters the mixing device via the combustion air inlet (13) into a primary flow and a secondary flow, may be positioned inside the Venturi device, wherein the combustion air of the primary flow, issuing from the combustion air inlet, can be fed to the mixing section (20) via the contraction section (19), and wherein the combustion air of the secondary flow, issuing from the combustion air inlet, can be mixed downstream of the mixing section (20) in the region of the diffuser section (21) with the mixture of the gas and the combustion air of the primary flow.

Abstract: A method for reducing NOx formation, including the steps of: providing a furnace with a plurality of secondary air injection ducts, asymmetrically positioned in an opposing manner; injecting fuel with primary air through a first stage prior to injection of a second air; injecting secondary air and aqueous urea solution through the plurality of reagent injection ducts; controlling the asymmetrical injection to produce a high velocity mass flow and a turbulence resulting in dispersion of the urea solution into the combustion space, thereby providing reduced NOx formation in the combustion process.

Abstract: A coaxial injection device for injecting and dispersing reagents into a reactor, including an exterior duct for high-velocity gas injection; an outer-middle injector with at least one nozzle for liquid injection; an inner-middle duct for low-velocity gas injection; and an interior injector with nozzle for liquid injection; wherein, the exterior duct is formed by the internal wall of an insert and the external wall of the outer-middle injector; and is located externally to and circumferentially surrounds all other injectors and ducts; the outer-middle injector is formed by two concentric cylinders with end plate and injector nozzles; the inner-middle duct is formed by interior wall of the outer-middle injector and the exterior wall of the interior injector; the interior injector is formed by a cylinder with an endplate, the endplate having a nozzle; thereby ensuring the mixing and dispersion of the liquids and gases into the reactor to increase reaction homogeneity, reaction efficiency, reactor efficiency and

Abstract: An oil/slurry burner with injection atomization for the gasification of solids-containing liquid fuels under high pressures of e.g. 80 bar (8 MPa) and high temperatures of e.g. 1200 to 1900 degrees centigrade in reactors with liquid slag removal is proposed, wherein a plurality of feeding elements disposed outside the annular duct concentrically with respect to the burner axis are provided for introducing liquid fuel and atomizing agent, the individual feeding elements being implemented intrinsically straight in the burner, inclined to the burner axis in the direction of the burner mouth, and ending at the burner mouth adjacent to the oxidant outlet. By introducing the liquid fuel and atomizing agent in individual completely implemented tubes with a corresponding nozzle, different fuels can be supplied simultaneously via the individual feeds and converted in a flame reaction.

Abstract: An air-fuel burner includes a heat-transfer tube, an air-fuel mixing chamber, and an air-fuel nozzle. The air-fuel nozzle is coupled to the air-fuel chamber to communicate a combustible air-fuel mixture into a combustion chamber defined between the air-fuel nozzle and the heat-transfer tube. The combustible air-fuel mixture, when ignited, establishes a flame in the combustion chamber to produce heat which is transferred through heat-transfer tube to an adjacent medium external to the heat-transfer tube.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as those employed in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber for supplying a first portion of air, a burner tube having an upstream end and a downstream end, a burner tip having an outer diameter, the burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip producing a gaseous fuel flame, at least one air port in fluid communication with a secondary air chamber for supplying a second portion of air, the at least one air port radially positioned beyond the outer diameter of the burner tip and at least one non-gaseous fuel gun for supplying atomized non-gaseous fuel, the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun having at least one fuel discharge orifice, the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun positioned within the at least one air port.

Abstract: A dual-fuel burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber, a burner tube having an upstream end and a downstream end, a fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube for introducing gaseous fuel into the burner tube, a burner tip having an outer diameter mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the gaseous fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip, and at least one non-gaseous fuel gun, the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun having at least one fuel discharge orifice for combusting the non-gaseous fuel downstream of the discharge orifice, wherein the at least one non-gaseous fuel gun is radially positioned beyond the outer diameter of the burner tip so that a flame emanating from the combustion of the non-gaseous fuel is substantially aligned in parallel with a flame emanating from the combustion of the gaseous fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the reactive conversion of gaseous streams at high temperatures in excess of 1000° C. Said device comprises a reaction chamber (8) with an inlet opening for the gaseous streams to be converted, in particular a burner head (2) and an outlet opening for the converted gaseous streams. In order to guarantee the highest possible conversion performance, the reaction chamber (8) has a narrow construction, extending longitudinally from the inlet opening to the outlet opening to form a controlled gaseous flow, thus preventing a circulatory flow in the reaction chamber (8). To achieve reaction conditions that are as adiabatic as possible, the reaction chamber (8) is thermally insulated with a layer (7) that has a porous foam and/or fiber structure. In the simplest embodiment, the reaction chamber (8) is cylindrical, thus achieving a tubular flow reactor construction for the entire device.

Abstract: A heat transfer system and use thereof. The heat transfer system provides for the combustion of a fuel and the use of heat energy released by the combustion to heat a process fluid and to preheat the fuel and oxidant prior to their combustion. The heat transfer system includes three tubes with a fuel introduction tube surrounded by an oxidant introduction tube that is surrounded by a process tube. A heat transfer system having the appropriate geometry may provide for the flameless combustion of the fuel. The heat transfer system may also be integrated into other systems such as heat exchangers and catalytic process systems.

Abstract: A four-tube heating system for combusting a fuel and transferring the heat released therefrom to a process fluid. The heating system includes, a fuel introduction zone, a combustion zone, an oxidant introduction zone, and a process fluid zone, wherein the fuel introduction zone is defined by fuel introduction means for introducing fuel into the combustion zone that is defined by a reaction tube external to and surrounding the fuel introduction means, and wherein the oxidant introduction zone is defined by an oxidant introduction tube external to and surrounding the reaction tube, and wherein the process fluid zone is defined by a process tube external to and surrounding the oxidant tube.

Abstract: A multi-tube burner is provided which includes a cylindrical outermost nozzle and at least one cylindrical inner nozzle provided coaxially with the outermost nozzle to form annular jet openings for gases used to manufacture a glass preform. The angle between a center axis of an outer circumference of the outermost nozzle and a distal end portion of each of the inner nozzles is 90°± not more than 3°. Furthermore, the distance between the center axis of the outer circumference of the outermost nozzle and each of center axes of inner circumferences and outer circumferences of the inner nozzles is not more than 0.20 mm.

Abstract: A method and system feed and burn pulverized fuel, such as petroleum coke, in a glass melting furnace having burners associated with sealed regenerative chambers which act as heat exchangers. The system supplies the pulverized fuel for melting glass raw materials. The emissions of flue gases produced by the combustion process of the fuel in the furnace are controlled in order to maintain clean the flue gases and for reducing the emission of impurities from the fuel such as SOx, NOx, and particulates. The regenerative chambers are manufactured with selected refractories such as magnesium, zircon-silica-alumina, or magnesia and zirconium-silicate, for counteracting the erosive and corrosive effects produced by the combustion process of the fuel in the glass melting chamber. A burner feeds the petroleum coke and simultaneously mixes a primary air and pulverized fuel-air mixture for the burning of the pulverized fuel.

Abstract: A concentric multi-tubular burner for synthesizing glass particles having a center port group constituted by a combination of jet ports of raw material gas, combustible gas and oxygen gas, wherein an outer wall of the oxygen gas jet port in the center port group protrudes more toward a burner head than an inner wall of the oxygen gas jet port. The flow rate of oxygen gas jetted from the oxygen gas jet port of the center port group is controlled to be in a proper range.

Abstract: A low NOx burner nozzle assembly for a radiant wall burner includes an elongated hollow burner tube and a discharge nozzle. The burner tube defines a conduit for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a radiant combustion area of a combustion zone that surrounds the nozzle assembly. The discharge nozzle is mounted on the tube at the downstream end of the conduit adjacent the radiant combustion area and the same is adapted for directing the mixture of fuel and air into the radiant combustion area in an essentially radial direction. The discharge nozzle includes a plurality of flow directing members arranged in an array which extends circumferentially around the discharge nozzle, and the same are arranged to define therebetween a plurality of passageways which extend in a generally radial direction. The passageways are arranged so as to have different respective flow areas. The discharge nozzle also has an end cap to prevent axial flow of the primary air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: Burners (14) are used to make glass bodies (19) from OMCTS. The burners have six concentric regions. Putting certain gases through the regions results in thicker bodies than can be achieved with existing techniques and with improved efficiency.

Abstract: Burners and methods for producing fused silica members. The burner includes seven gas-emitting regions, including four regions for emitting a mixture of oxygen and combustible gas.

Abstract: A burner arrangement includes a venturi cluster including a plurality of venturis arranged for parallel flow. The multi venturi arrangement utilizing pressurized fuel as the inducing fluid to induce a flow of air enables the provision of an ultra fuel lean premix of fuel and air. A central burner tube which extends outwardly beyond the delivery end of a primary burner tip and mounts a relatively small capacity nozzle at a substantial distance from the delivery end of the burner tip enabling the ultra fuel lean mixture to expand and slow down such that its linear speed does not exceed the flame speed of the mixture prior to by the flame of the spaced nozzle. A deflector may be positioned adjacent the nozzle to assist in stabilizing the flame after the expansion and slowing process has been completed.

Abstract: A concentric multi-tubular burner for synthesizing glass particles having a center port group constituted by a combination of jet ports of raw material gas, combustible gas and oxygen gas, wherein an outer wall of the oxygen gas jet port in the center port group protrudes more toward a burner head than an inner wall of the oxygen gas jet port. The flow rate of oxygen gas jetted from the oxygen gas jet port of the center port group is controlled to be in a proper range.

Abstract: A low NOx burner nozzle assembly for a radiant wall burner includes an elongated hollow burner tube and a discharge nozzle. The burner tube defines a conduit for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a radiant combustion area of a combustion zone that surrounds the nozzle assembly. The discharge nozzle is mounted on the tube at the downstream end of the conduit adjacent the radiant combustion area and the same is adapted for directing the mixture of fuel and air into the radiant combustion area in an essentially radial direction. The discharge nozzle includes a plurality of flow directing members arranged in an array which extends circumferentially around the discharge nozzle, and the same are arranged to define therebetween a plurality of passageways which extend in a generally radial direction. The passageways are arranged so as to have different respective flow areas. The discharge nozzle also has an end cap to prevent axial flow of the primary air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: A combustion chamber arrangement for gas turbines includes a multiplicity of individual combustion chambers which open out in a common annular combustion chamber and are arranged in the shape of a circle. The arrangement is such that it can be cooled highly efficiently using convective cooling, while also as far as possible dispensing with the use of impingement cooling. In such a combustion chamber arrangement, the annular combustion chamber, in the transition region to the individual combustion chambers, is of a height which fluctuates periodically and which is minimal in the region between adjacent individual combustion chambers.

Abstract: A three-stage lean burn combustion chamber (28) comprises a primary combustion zone (36), a secondary combustion zone (40) and a tertiary combustion zone (44). Each of the combustion zones (36,40,44) is supplied with premixed fuel and air by respective fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92). The fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92) have a plurality of air injection slots (62,64,76,98) spaced apart transversely to the direction of flow through the fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92). The air injection slots (62,64,76,98) extend in the direction of flow through the fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92) to the reduce the magnitude of the fluctuations in the fuel to air ratio of the fuel and air mixture supplied into the at least one combustion zone (36,40,44). This reduces the generation of harmful vibrations in the combustion chamber (28).

Abstract: A low NOx and CO emission heating apparatus provides for substantially separate fuel and combustion air feeds into a combustion chamber provided at one end with an exhaust gas opening and, at an opposite end with an elongated porous air distributor through which air is fed into the combustion chamber and into jets of fuel directed into the space between the air distributor and the side wall of the combustion chamber. Both air and fuel may be subjected to swirl to improve the combustion, by adjusting the inclination of the fuel nozzles.

Abstract: In furnaces for producing high purity fused silica glass boules, glass particles have a tendency to build-up adjacent the burner hole rim. It was discovered that unburned furnace gases containing silica particles where re-circulated in the furnace close to the burner hole rim and reacted with the oxygen of infiltrated air adjacent the burner hole, and thus deposited such particles in the form of a glassy build-up about the rim of the burner hole. In order to eliminate the source of oxygen adjacent the burner hole rim, a curtain of an inert gas is caused to flow through the burner hole between the sidewalls of the burner hole and the flame of the burner. Accordingly, the curtain of inert gas inhibits the combustion of the unburned hydrogen and carbon monoxide furnace gases adjacent the exit rim of the burner hole and thereby minimizes glass build-up about the burner hole rim.

Abstract: Computer simulation was used in the development of an inward-burning, radial matrix gas burner and heat pipe heat exchanger. The burner and exchanger can be used to heat a Stirling engine on cloudy days when a solar dish, the normal source of heat, cannot be used. Geometrical requirements of the application forced the use of the inward burning approach, which presents difficulty in achieving a good flow distribution and air/fuel mixing. The present invention solved the problem by providing a plenum with just the right properties, which include good flow distribution and good air/fuel mixing with minimum residence time. CFD simulations were also used to help design the primary heat exchanger needed for this application which includes a plurality of pins emanating from the heat pipe. The system uses multiple inlet ports, an extended distance from the fuel inlet to the burner matrix, flow divider vanes, and a ring-shaped, porous grid to obtain a high-temperature uniform-heat radial burner.

Abstract: A burner is disclosed, comprising: a burner body and a burner lid coupled to the burner body so as to form a plurality of gas ports in a substantially circular and substantially planar arrangement, said gas ports being interposed between the burner body and the burner lid and adapted to have a corresponding array of flames extending from the gas ports during combustion of a fuel gas.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for suppressing flame/pressure pulsations in a furnace, in which a flame is surrounded by a gas shroud stream having a higher flow speed, whereby a ring vortex formation is stopped. In order for this gas shroud stream to be able to achieve smaller gas volumes, a screen is provided that surrounds the gas outlet openings and runs at a spacing around the burner, so that a flue gas recirculation area associated with the combustion chamber is separated from the outlet location of the gas shroud stream and thus the gas shroud stream itself.

Abstract: The gas burner of the present invention includes a mated burner body and a burner lid. A plurality of gas ports in a substantially circular and planar arrangement are interposed between the mated body and lid and are directed radially from the body and lid. An air shield member is coformed to and extends radially from the burner body or burner lid. Extending radially from the air shield member in substantial radial alignment with the gas ports is a plurality of flame partitions equal in number to the gas ports. Each flame partition has two attached tabs which are substantially perpendicular to each other when the flame partition is observed in cross-section.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x water heater burner including a burner body having opposed surfaces; and a multiplicity of spaced apart energy absorbing fins connected to at least one of the surfaces and positioned to absorb energy from burner flames generated by combustion of fuel, wherein flames generated by combustion of fuel proximate said fins are positioned such that the fins absorb energy from the flames, thereby lowering flame temperature and reducing NO.sub.x emissions.

Abstract: An air premixed natural gas burner having reduced thermal and prompt NO.sub.x emissions employs a central, cylindrical core chamber and an outer annular chamber separated by a hollow barrel having a plurality of gas spuds at a front end of the burner adjacent to a burner throat. The plurality of gas spuds introduces natural gas into a core chamber air flow passing through a fixed swirler and controlled by a sliding air flow damper associated with the central, cylindrical core chamber. A reduced air/fuel stoichiometric ratio (of approximately 0.6) is preferably maintained at an outlet of the central, cylindrical core chamber. The balance of the combustion air is provided through the outer annular chamber to maintain an overall or cumulative burner stoichiometric ratio of approximately 1.05.

Abstract: A method is presented for stabilizing the flame on the tips of burner internals in a process for preparing synthesis gas by partial oxidation of a gaseous hydrocarbon-containing fuel. The method comprises supplying a gaseous hydrocarbon-containing fuel, a moderator gas and an oxidizer through a burner to a reactor, and adjusting the mass flow of the moderator gas such that the moderator gas concentration does not exceed a predetermined limit. The process conditions are effected such that the flame contacts the burner internal tips. In case of flame-lifting from the burner internal tips, the velocities and mass flows of the fuel and/or oxidizer and/or moderator gas are re-adjusted in such a manner that the flame is restabilized on the burner internal tips.

Abstract: A headspace autosampling apparatus (92) for generating and delivering gaseous samples to a gas chromatograph or other instrument includes a plurality of vials (98) in a carousel (150). The vials are delivered one at a time from the carousel through a vial delivery mechanism (160) to a heated zone (146) wherein the substances (94, 96) to be analyzed reach equilibrium with the headspace (100, 102) above the samples in the vials, preferably using the full evaporation technique (FET). The vials are generally cylindrical and extend horizontally to facilitate attainment of equilibrium rapidly upon heating. The vials are also preferably rotated about their longitudinal axis prior to sampling so as to achieve a film effect on the interior walls of the vials which further aids in attainment of equilibrium.

Abstract: A burner provided for low NOx combustion of fuel with preheated combustion air in a combustion chamber of an industrial furnace and or a steam boiler has a plurality of fuel jets and at least a single air jet arranged to discharge the fuel and the preheated combustion air. The fuel jets and the air jet diverge from one another, provide dilution of fuel with combustion products, and generate multiple precombustion, combustion and post combustion reaction zones in the furnace.Thus, the burner provides the necessary process conditions and reaction zones required for minimizing the formation of prompt and thermal NOx in the precombustion and combustion reaction zones and for optimizing the decomposition of the formed NOx in the postcombustion reaction zones.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner combustion system which may be adjusted for optimum burn rates, temperature and oxygen levels. The burner incorporates a plurality of gas nozzles which individually inspirate a portion of the combustion air and a spin vane diffuser to rotate and mix the gases within the primary combustion zone. The diffuser is axially adjustable in order to vary the distance between the vane and the first combustion zone while the blades of the diffuser can be angularly adjusted to optimize the rotation and mix of the gases. Air for combustion is supplied through primary, secondary and tertiary passages to create distinct combustion zones for complete combustion. The flow rate of the combustion air is controlled through a damper in accordance with the burn characteristics. Further reductions in noxious emissions are accomplished by recirculating flue gases and mixing such gassed directly with combustion fuel prior to introduction into the combustion chamber through eductor nozzles.

Abstract: A burner for combusting gas and/or liquid fuel and air in an enclosure includes a burner block of non-combustible material, such as ceramic material, having a central opening therethrough communicating with a combustion zone. The burner block has a plurality of spaced apart recirculation gas passageways paralleled to and spaced from the central opening, each of the recirculation gas passageways having an injection passageway communicating with the block member central opening. Fuel, which may be liquid and/or gas, is injected into said burner block central opening. Venturi action causes furnace gas to be drawn from the cool fringes of the combustion zone through the recirculation gas passageways for passage back into the central opening wherein air and fuel are thoroughly mixed and cooled for combustion within the enclosure. This recirculation system serves to reduce the temperature and oxygen content of the local combustion process to thereby reduce NO.sub.x production.

Abstract: A method of low-NOx combustion and a burner device for effecting the same, in which a primary fuel is injected in a direction from tile periphery of stream of a combustion air towards that same combustion air, effecting a first combustion, so as to create a generally cylindrical primary flame covering the combustion air, whereby a secondary fuel injected towards the combustion air is shielded or intercepted by such primary flame from the combustion air, while causing NOx in tile primary flame to be reduced by the secondary fuel, after which, a second combustion is effected by bringing the secondary fuel to contact with a portion of the combustion air penetrating through the primary flame, at a downstream side. This arrangement permits more positive decrease of NOx density in an exhaust gas.

Abstract: A burner having a primary flame zone and a secondary flame zone. The throat of the quarl in the center of the primary flame zone is provided with a gas nozzle supported by a swirl element. The orifices of the nozzle are radially and obliquely distributed so that the gas introduced via the frustoconical chamber mixed with the primary air to form a swirl current. The frustoconical chamber extends to the inner surface of the burner to form a circular extended section to restrain the width of the flame; the extended section is parallel to the secondary air inlets distributed on the burner body around the periphery of the frustoconical chamber to effectively control the formation of NOx during combustion.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner includes a burner plate having a plurality of slots from which fuel gas jets and combustion air are discharged. A plurality of fuel tubes are aligned with the slots for discharging the fuel gas therethrough. The fuel tubes are spaced from the slots so that combustion air, provided by a wind box, also can flow through the slots. The fuel gas and combustion air are discharged at high velocity, thereby generating very high turbulence in the combustion chamber downstream from the burner. The slots are arranged such that the width of the recirculation zones between adjacent slots substantially varies between the central region of the burner plate and its perimeter. With this construction, the local ignition patterns vary such that local oscillations of flame front occur at different frequencies and are not synchronized so that vibrations are greatly dampened and resonance problems in the furnace minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: A low NOx gaseous fuel burner that creates a wall hugging flame, even in a cup. It is comprised of two staged premix units, one unit, in a cup, running very lean and the second unit, extended into the furnace, running very rich, the combination being stoichiometric.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for discharging a combustible air and fuel mixture into the combustion chamber of a cyclonic combustor. The nozzle includes a centrally located air plenum and a plurality of passageways for discharging air from the plenum into the combustion chamber. The nozzle also includes a fuel jet system for discharging fuel into each air discharge passageway to mix with the combustion air passing therethrough.

Abstract: An improved radiant gas burner which includes a refractory burner tile hag an elongated passageway extending therethrough and a fuel-air mixture burner tube disposed within the passageway. The burner tube is of a one-piece elongated construction, includes a nozzle portion at the interior end of the passageway and is connected to means for introducing fuel gas and air therein by a threaded connection positioned adjacent the exterior end of the passageway. Secondary fuel is discharged from the passageway at a location adjacent the nozzle portion of the burner tube. An improved method of burning fuel gas and air using a radiant gas burner is also provided.

Abstract: A staged, superposition gaseous fuel burner provides substantial reduction of nitrogen oxide content in the combustion gases by providing a transverse turning plate in the burner tip and by staging the delivery rich combustion gases, by introducing premix gaseous fuel in stages spaced with respect to incoming secondary air, thereby exposing the incoming secondary air to spaced stages of the rich mixture.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel burner provides substantial reduction of nitrogen oxide content in the combustion gases by creating a screen of premix combustion products, by introducing secondary gaseous fuel for admixture with the screen, and by exposing secondary air to the mixture for reaction with the secondary gaseous fuel.

Abstract: A ceramic burner is provided, particularly for use in a hot-blast oven, with a generally cylindrical wall defining a central burner duct and a housing extending around and spaced from the generally cylindrical wall to define an outer annular duct disposed coaxial to the central burner duct. The generally cylindrical wall includes an inner peripheral surface extending outwardly from a central burner duct to define a burner mouth. First and second ring nozzles are provided having openings extending from the outer annular duct and open at the burner mouth. Nozzle inserts are provided for insertion into the openings of the first and second ring nozzles so as to vary the cross-sectional area defined by the openings of the first and second ring nozzles. Additionally, injector grids are provided for insertion into the openings of the first and second ring nozzles so as to divide each of the openings into a plurality of smaller openings.