Abstract: Improved methods and burner apparatus are provided for discharging mixtures of fuel and air into furnace spaces wherein said mixtures are burned and flue gases having low NO.sub.x content are formed therefrom. The methods basically comprise discharging a first fuel mixture containing a portion of the fuel and flue gases from the furnace space into the furnace space whereby the mixture is burned in a primary reaction zone therein and flue gases having low NO.sub.x content are formed therefrom, and then discharging the remaining portion of the fuel into a secondary reaction zone wherein the remaining portion of fuel mixes with air and flue gases to form a second fuel mixture which is burned in the secondary reaction zone and additional flue gases having low NO.sub.x content are formed therefrom.

Abstract: A burner apparatus which comprises a pilot burner including a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle, and a plurality of main burners which are arranged around the pilot burner and each of which comprises a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle; and the angle of the swirlers for the pilot burner is set larger than the angle of the swirlers for the main burner so that the angles of the two types of swirlers cross. NOx production can be considerably reduced with a very simple structure based on the present invention for combustion in boilers and gas turbines.

Abstract: A high-speed type burner tile assembly including a cylindrical mixing tile having a central through-hole, and a combustion tile having a tip portion aligned with the mixing tile. The tip portion of the combustion tile is coaxially extended into the central cylindrical through-hole of the mixing tile to provide diffusion air delivery passages extending in parallel with the axis of the mixing tile between the tip portion and the inner surface of the through-hole of the mixing tile, thereby permitting the supply of a large volume of diffusion air at low pressures and increasing linearity of the combustion gas supplied into a furnace.

Abstract: A cyclone combustion apparatus includes a combustion chamber having a substantially cylindrical wall, a substantially cylindrical exit throat at the rear end of the combustion chamber, means for supplying fuel into the combustion chamber at a front end thereof, means for supplying air into the combustion chamber and for forming a cyclonic flow pattern of hot gases for combustion within the chamber, and heat exchange means surrounding and extending throughout the axial length of the combustion chamber. The means for supplying air includes a plenum chamber having an air inlet and an annular air supply opening in communication with and coaxial with the combustion chamber. The annular air supply opening has spaced radial vanes tilted at a selected angle from the axis of the combustion chamber. The means for supplying fuel includes a fuel plenum chamber having a fuel inlet and a plurality of radially spaced fuel holes for supplying fuel in the annular air supply opening between the spaced radial vanes.

Abstract: A non-water cooled, nozzle-mixed oxy-fuel burner wherein high oxidant velocity and a venturi aspirate or recycle products of combustion through the burner block and mix them into the flowing oxidant stream to act as a diluent and provide mass to moderate flame temperature. The burner includes means in said oxidant stream to improve flame stability.

Abstract: A device is provided for conveying separately at least two gases as far as a mixing zone, said device including several tubes, and means for supplying these tubes with one of the gases, the invention also relating to a reactor having at least one cell equipped with said conveying device, said device further including means for holding the tubes in position with respect to each other, the tubes being held together jointingly by said means and defining empty spaces or intertube gaps, some at least of said tubes having narrowed zones placed substantially at the same level so as to form a network for distributing the other gas to some at least of the intertube gaps.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel burner has a pipe 20 for fuel, for example pulverized coal carried in air, and two pipes 22 and 24 for oxygen. The burner is typically mounted horizontally above a burden to be heated. The oxygen pipes 22 and 24 have separate outlets disposed such that the flame is caused to curve towards the burden. The relative rates of supply of oxygen to the two passages are varied so that the flame is moved across at least part of the burden.

Abstract: Disclosed is a burner for the partial combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel wherein coal, e.g., finely divided coal, is supplied to a reactor space via a central channel disposed along the longitudinal axis of the burner, and oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an annular channel surrounding said central channel, and heat from the combustion is removed from the hollow front face of the burner by coolant flowed through said front face spirally about the longitudinal axis of the burner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for repressing NOx formation in twinned regenerative burner pairs includes inducing a stream of hot flue gas, preferably containing enriched products of combustion, from the main hot flue gas exhaust stream and vitiating the preheated combustion air with the hot flue gas in the firing burner. An interconnecting duct communicating with the twinned burner pair includes a coaxial gas nozzle for injecting a high kinetic energy gas stream into the exhausting hot flue gas to induce a portion of the hot flue gas into the interconnecting duct to pass the hot flue gas to the firing burner for vitiation purposes.

Abstract: In a burner gun of the type including a conduit having a gas inlet supplied with a gas and an outlet, a burner nozzle assembly includes an outlet plate secured to the outlet of the gas conduit and having a plurality of circumferentially arranged cylindrical orifices extending therethrough, the outer surface of outlet plate including a circular central portion surrounded by the orifices and operative as a bluff body, whereby positive flame retention in the range of 5 PSI to 50 PSI is obtained; a hollow cylinder having a plurality of plugs secured to an end face thereof and axially movable with respect to the orifices to vary the openings thereof so as to provide a constant velocity gas exiting through the orifices; and a piston rod connected to the cylinder and externally controlled to slideably move cylinder and thereby control movement of the orifice plugs with respect to the orifices so as to vary the openings of the latter.

Abstract: A process for thermally converting components of gas currents contaminating the environment and equipment for performing the process. Combustion serving for the primary heat production is performed in the gas current to be converted thermically and in a plurality of places in proper distribution. In such a manner, gas currents next to the flames produced in the course of combustion are heated to high temperatures and by utilizing the secondary heat quantity arising in the course of the thermic conversion taking place quickly in the vicinity of the flames, the process of thermal conversion is further accelerated.

Abstract: A different fuels combustion burner for simultaneously burning a liquid fuel and a solid fuel in which the solid- and liquid-fuel injections are separated in the circumferential direction so that the interference between the injected solid and liquid fuels can be avoided.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such a steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such as steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: High-velocity gas burners having enhanced flame stability over wide operating ranges are provided by correlating the dimensions of the combustion chamber with other burner dimensions, in particular, the ratio of the combustion chamber diameter to the flame holder exit diameter and the ratio of the effective length of the combustion chamber to the combustion chamber diameter.

Abstract: A ceramic burner head in which the burner mouth is formed from a unitary porous ceramic body with parallel slits defining fuel-permeable walls between and which is bonded to upper, lower and lateral ceramic plates forming the burner body. The ceramic piece is bonded to the plates in a gas-tight manner.

Abstract: A transverse-burner recuperative furnace for glass making, which comprises burner blocks of which the inner aperture, of generally elongate rectangular shape, exhibits a first portion of constant cross-section extending from the rear face of the burner block, and a second portion progressively flaring upwards and downwards to the front face of the burner block, such second portion exhibiting an angle of flare .alpha. of not more than 15.degree., and the cumulated total length of these apertures representing at least 0.65 times the distance between the extreme burner blocks.

Abstract: An improved burner for attaining an improved combustion of a fuel-air mixe includes a plurality of vanes extending generally longitudinally of and disposed about an axis of the flow of the air-fuel mixture, each of the vanes having a first and a second end joined by first and second longitudinal edges. The first ends being contiguously arranged to extend along the circumference of a circle coaxial with the axis, the first edges defining a cylindrical surface coaxial with the main axis, and the second edges defining a conical surface coaxial with the axis. The vanes being interconnected at their first ends. The vane structure being confined in a cylindrical structure defining at the one end an annular opening through which compressed air is introduced, with a fuel nozzle being provided at the center of the same end. The nozzle being located at the end of the vane structure where the vanes substantially meet at the center of the structure.

Abstract: An industrial burner having an axial recirculation flame with active vortex mixing in the combustion chamber and method.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for combustion with a minimum of NOx emission in various industrial furnaces and boilers. By injecting air for combustion into a furnace through the burner tile or air baffle in the deviated flow pattern asymmetrical with respect to the burner tile or baffle axis, the quick mixing of the air and fuel in early stages of combustion is suppressed to provide for a relatively gentle combustion and allow the burnt gas self-circulation to take place effectively, thereby minimizing the emission of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A burner for soaking pit furnaces produces essentially complete combustion of gas and air mixed in the burner. The burner includes a generally ring-shaped outer housing and a tubular inner ring spaced inside the outer housing to form a hollow annular interior chamber between the inner ring and the outer housing. The outer housing and the inner ring extend above the floor of the furnace. A narrow annular burner opening at the top of the burner is spaced above the floor of the soaking pit furnace. A gas supply pipe in the chamber directs the flow of gaseous fuel under low pressure toward the burner opening.

Abstract: A Vortex burner is provided in a burner block having a conduit spaced within the burner block passageway to provide an annular space between them. Fuel gas flows through the central portion of the burner, and is tangentially discharged through gas nozzles. Primary air is induced through the portion of the burner surrounding the fuel gas inlet means. Secondary air is induced into the burner through the portion of the burner surrounding the primary inlet means via draft. A deflector member disposed at a suitable angle to the primary air conduit and protruding from the discharge end of said conduit, directs the secondary air along the cup surface and causes it to mix with the partial premixture of primary air and gas. The deflector member aerodynamically directs the primary air and gas premixture along the cup surface. The secondary air flow prevents annular recirculation of hot gases.

Abstract: A burner for soaking pit furnaces produces essentially complete combustion of the gas and air mixed in the burner. The burner includes a tubular inner wall structure and an outer housing spaced from the inner wall to form a hollow interior between the inner wall and the housing. The inner wall terminates adjacent a surrounding portion of the housing to form a narrow opening from the hollow interior which extends around the periphery of the inner wall structure. A gas supply pipe located in the hollow interior surrounds the inner wall structure and directs the flow of gas under pressure toward the narrow peripheral opening. In one embodiment, the inner wall forms an air supply pipe and air is forced under pressure through the air supply pipe and past the narrow opening. Gas flowing through the narrow opening surrounds and is drawn into air flowing past the opening to form a combustible gas/air mixture.

Abstract: A burner for a bottom fired, ingot heating furnace producing faster and more even heating with lower fuel consumption is disclosed. The burner includes a plurality, preferably three, upstanding nozzles having nozzle ports directed at essentially a right angle to a radial line extending from the burner center. This orientation imparts a circular swirling action of the combustion gases which produces faster and more even heating of ingots contained within the furnace. The nozzle is arranged with a nozzle cap which shields the entire nozzle top from debris falling from the furnace roof resulting in a greatly extended service life.

Abstract: A burner head of ceramic materials through which the fuel (combustible) and the oxidizing agent (oxygen or oxygen-containing gas such as air) are passed from an inlet side to an outlet side, combustion being effected at the outlet side. According to the invention, the gas passages for the fuel and the oxidizing medium are of elongated cross section and parallel to one another, being offset in pairs so that indirect heat exchange is effected between the two mediums through the separating ceramic wall. The passages can be formed as rectangular-section channels which are closed at the top and bottom by ceramic plates.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for burning fuel, with controlled NOx formation, in a burner-fired furnace. A fuel injection port is provided in the furnace, surrounded by a plurality of air injection ports. The fuel and combustion air are injected in such a manner as to minimize their contact in a burner tile port. The injected air establishes a vacuum within the burner tile port. The spent gas is drawn to near the fuel and air injection ports along the cylindrical surface of the burner tile port. The drawn spent gas encloses the fuel and air streams in the burner tile port. Primary combustion of the fuel is achieved by using mainly the oxygen contained in the enclosing spent gas. Secondary combustion is effected by bringing in contact the streams of the combustion air and fuel in the furnace into which burner the tile port opens.

Abstract: A burner tip for passing fuel into a glass melting chamber having a fuel passageway and discrete cooling fluid passageways therein for cooling and shielding the burner tip from attack by a hostile gaseous chamber environment. A ceramic collar member is provided for minimizing inspirated air and cooling fluid may be passed through the burner tip during both the firing cycle and off-firing cycle. The burner tip is provided with small diameter cooling fluid passageways to establish a low volume, high velocity flow of cooling fluid sufficient to shield the burner tip from sting-out attack.

Abstract: In accordance with the teachings of the invention, the combustion system includes a combustion chamber, hearth, burners, and an air/fuel control system. The control system controls a pressurized air supply, a regulated gas supply, and means for regulating the gas supply as a function of the air pressure. The burner includes an air manifold within which is housed an air control orifice telescoped in a gas manifold and a diffuser inserted within the air control orifice for mixing the air and gas and causing turbulence of the air/gas mixture. The diffuser protrudes through an aperture in the air manifold for communication with a juxtaposed combustion chamber and hearth having a flue gas outlet. Regulated air and gas are supplied to the air manifold and gas manifold respectively and are preheated. The pessurized preheated air passes through a throat and nozzle created by the diffuser and air control orifice creating a low pressure area at ports communicating with the gas manifold.

Abstract: A fuel-staging burner assembly and method in which a burner nozzle has separate, concentrically disposed elements to burn coarse and fine coal particles under different combustion conditions to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides from the combustion of coal as a fuel. The burner assembly further includes a control nozzle for maintaining a swirling motion in the combustion flame and a separate, axially-movable adjustable sleeve for regulating the quantity flow of turbulence-free combustion-supporting air.

Abstract: Apparatus for burning combustible gases at very low pressure, in combination with a combustion chamber having an opening through one wall. The burner system comprises a burner tube for supplying the low pressure gas, comprising a tube of selected diameter and length, with an annular flange extending inwardly at the end inserted into the opening in the wall. A steam tube of smaller diameter than the burner tube, is mounted axially inside of the burner tube, and has a closed end in the plane of the inwardly extending flange. A plurality of orifices are drilled through the closed end of the steam tube at a selected angle to the axis, whereby when steam is supplied to the steam tube, at 5# gauge or more, high velocity jets of steam will flow outwardly through the orifices along the surface of a cone, and will aspirate into the steam streams the low pressure gas, which will be mixed with the steam, and will flow as a conical wall of steam and gas.

Abstract: An injection assembly for introducing a plurality of laterally spaced sprays of a normally liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into the cracking zone of a carbon black furnace.

Abstract: Off-gases and liquid residues containing chlorinated hydrocarbons, are subjected to joint combustion by forming a mist comprising a mixture of off-gases and atomized liquid residues, the latter being atomized by means of air and/or steam, and directing this mist into a preheated combustion chamber lined with refractory bricks. The mixture is introduced into the combustion chamber jointly with combustion air through a burner having four feed pipes arranged coaxially with respect to each other and terminating in conically tapered outlets, the three outer feed pipes defining three separate and coaxial annular zones around the innermost feed pipe. The liquid residue fed in and burnt is used in a quantity sufficient to maintain in the combustion chamber a predetermined maximum temperature which is not above the range 1200.degree. to 1800.degree. C., and which is compatible with the refractory properties of the brick lining of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An injection assembly for introducing a plurality of laterally spaced sprays of a normally liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into the cracking zone of a carbon black furnace.

Abstract: The complete combustion of hot gases of low calorific power is effected by introducing the gases into a combustion chamber at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of between 600.degree. and 900.degree. C, by introducing at burner level primary air to a maximum of 80% of the stoichiometric proportion, by supplying secondary air near the base of the flame in an excess relation to the stoichiometric amount so that the flame temperature is between 1,000.degree. and 1,300.degree. C and by discharging the combustion products from the combustion chamber by means of a chimney.

Abstract: An inshot, atmospheric burner assembly is provided for hot air furnaces including a frame supporting a venturi assembly, an adjustable secondary air shutter and a circular target or flame spreader. The flame spreader is positioned adjacent the outlet of the venturi assembly. An orifice holder extends through the base of the frame and adjustably carries a primary air shutter.

Abstract: The dual-fuel feed system for a gas turbine engine, having a plurality of fuel nozzles arranged to effect admixture of air and fuel in a combustor of the engine for combustion of fuel, comprises a fuel feed conduit means communicating with each of the fuel nozzles and separate sources of different fuels and flow control means for alternating flow of fuel from one source or the other to the fuel nozzles.

Abstract: A gas gun for producing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich reduction gas by partially combusting a gaseous fuel. The tip of the gas gun is provided with at least two groups of radially-directed gas discharge nozzles, the nozzles of one group having a larger diameter than those of the other group.

Abstract: A noiseless premix burner comprising a cylindrical housing which is attached to the outer covering of the furnace wall, and closed at its opposite end by a closure plate which supports a concentric burner tube which extends from the closure plate through an opening in the furnace wall to the interior of the furnace. A gas fuel line is inserted along the axis of the burner tube. Pressurized fuel gas flows through an orifice in the fuel line in an expanding flow. The proximal end of the burner tube has a venturi type throat construction. The annular space between the burner tube and the cylindrical housing comprises two plenums, one adjacent the outer wall of the furnace supplying secondary air, which passes into the furnace through a narrow annular gap between the burner tube and the furnace lining.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such a steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.