Abstract: A burner for pulverized coal such as in a rotary kiln includes three concentric cylindrical ducts. The outer duct carries an air supply which is directed in a generally axial direction into the kiln. The next innermost duct carries the pulverized coal-carrier gas mixture and is also generally directed in an axial direction. The next innermost duct carries air which is directed in a divergent radial direction in the kiln and includes a rotational air component. By controlling the quantities of air in the ducts which flank the coal duct, the resulting flame form can be controlled in the kiln without restoring to variations in the velocity or direction of the coal carrier gas stream. By eliminating such variations in regard to the coal carrier gas stream, the abrasive action of the pulverized coal is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: A burner having a burner body in which combustion air is injected in an air flow pattern which establishes a relatively stagnant air region positioned within the flow of combustion air. A pilot flame injector is positioned to generate a pilot flame extending into the stagnant air region. The pilot flame can, thus, be maintained during the operation of the burner because the stable air conditions within the stagnant air region minimize disruption of the pilot flame by the flow of combustion air.A method for maintaining a uniform pilot flame within a burner operating over a range of combustion air flow rates by introducing combustion air into the burner and providing the combustion air with a flow configuration that establishes a stagnant air zone within the burner that is relatively independent of the flow rate of the combustion air. The pilot flame is then positioned within the stagnant air zone.An injector for feeding finely divided fuel to a burner.

Abstract: A hot blast stove for use with high capacity blast furnaces incorporates a gas flow baffle particularly configured for improving mixture of combustion air and gas within the combustion chamber to enhance fuel burning characteristics with a concomitant reduction in pressure-pulsation experienced within the system and without an appreciable reduction in fuel firing rate.

Abstract: A high velocity gas burner has a housing divided by a partition into an air plenum and a combustion zone. Air is introduced into the plenum with a swirl. A ring of gas jets penetrate the partition through clearance holes. Each jet has a collar tending to impede air flow through the respective hole and the partition is axially displaceable relative to the collars. The partition is preferably cup-shaped with a skirt extending along the housing into the combustion zone so that secondary or excess air can bypass the combustion proper and cool the combustion products to the desired usable temperature.

Abstract: A sprinkler burner and method for injecting solid particulate material and a gas into a reactor as a paraboloidal suspension. Means are provided to introduce the gas tangentially into an outer cylindroidal member, comprising a slot-like gas inlet in the cylindroidal member and a spiral shaped conduit communicating with the slot, such that the gas is directed around the periphery and downward between the outer cylindroidal member and an inner tubular member through which the solids are fed. The gas entrains the solids emitting from the inner tubular member and spreads the solids tangentially from the exhaust end of the outer cylindroidal member such that a paraboloidal suspension is formed within a reactor.

Abstract: A burner head for a fuel-oxygen burner includes a first chamber connected at one end with the oxygen intake and at the other end with a second chamber by means of a nozzle and includes a pipe located in the fuel intake and opening into the first chamber.

Abstract: A combustion method which can reduce the emission of NOx and smoke. In sharp contrast to the conventional combustion method, the method of the invention can remarkably reduce the emission of both of NOx and the smoke simultaneously, by adopting a specific flow pattern of fuel and combustion air in the combustion chamber, the pattern has been obtained as a result of studies and experiments concerning the influence of the intensity of mixing of the fuel and the combustion air on the emission of NOx.

Abstract: An improved coal/air dispersion nozzle introduces fuel into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine as a finely atomized, dispersed spray for a uniform combustion. The nozzle has an inlet that receives finely powdered coal from a coal transport or coal/air fluidizer system and a scroll swirl generator is included within the nozzle to swirl a fluidized coal/air mixture supplied to the inlet of the nozzle. The scroll is in the form of a thin, flat metal sheet insert, twisted along its length, and configured to prevent build-up of coal particles within the nozzle prior to ejection from its outlet. Airblast air jets are included along the length of the nozzle body to assist in the discharge of the fluidized coal from the nozzle outlet and an angular pintle tip overlies the outlet to redirect coal/air mixture through a desired fluidized coal spray angle.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner has a combustion head connected to a vaporization chamber which is fed with air atomized fuel by an atomizer so that the fuel is initially atomized, in a converging tube, and then vaporized prior to mixing with air and combustion.

Abstract: A process for the ignition of sinter mixtures containing solid fuels and apparatus for carrying out this process. The ignition is effected by means of hot combustion gases which are produced, under certain specified conditions, by the combustion of gaseous or liquid fuel initially in a swirl combustion chamber and then under a hood from where they are suctioned through the sinter mix.

Abstract: A burner for reduced NOx emission and also for the control of the shape of the flame as regards its length and spread, comprises a first combustion zone, which is contained within a cylindrical chamber lined with refractory material. A burner tube is inserted through an opening in the upstream end of the first combustion zone, the burner including means for providing and burning liquid and gaseous fuel. A first air plenum is provided upstream of the first combustion zone with means for supplying less-than-stoichiometric combustion air in a tangential swirling manner, prior to entering the first combustion zone.

Abstract: A combustion head for a fluid fuel, particularly a liquid fuel, which is burnt particularly in the presence of a gas having an oxygen concentration substantially less than that of air, comprises, adjacent to the actual burner, a generally cylindrical box containing an inlet aperture designed to create a substantial pressure drop on injecting the oxygen-containing gas into the box, and a disc situated at the outlet of the box and dimensioned to create a second and lower pressure drop. The intense combustion produced in the box heats its walls to a temperature substantially above the final point of the distillation curve for the fuel, so preventing coke deposition.

Abstract: A flat flame burner assembly comprises a refractory block having a flaring port and a hollow body, mounted thereon, provided with an inlet for the admission of combustion air and with an air diffuser presenting passages directed so as to cause the combustion air to swirl in the combustion zone of the flaring port; a burner mechanism comprising a lance for feeding the fuel terminating with a burner head extending in the combustion zone, a first pipe for a fluid atomizing agent coaxial to said lance, a second pipe, coaxial to the first pipe, for feeding air for the protection of the burner head from the heat, in communication with a sheath which surrounds the burner head. The burner head consists of a first chamber in which the fuel is admitted by means of a distributor, and of a second chamber, or mixing chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by the atomizing agent, and then sprayed into the combustion zone through a nozzle.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuels such as light, medium and heavy oil, in which a fuel supply pipe is concentrically located in an air supply pipe and partially enclosed by a sleeve carrying air. A spray diffuser and a twist-producing member encloses the fuel supply pipe upstream of the spray diffuser. The twist-producing member has a fixed blower wheel and receives combustion air from the periphery thereof. The combustion air quantity is regulatable upstream of the burner head as a function of the prevailing fuel flow. A space located between the twist-producing member and the air supply pipe, holds two additional air supply pipes. One of these additional air supply pipes, an innermost pipe, has an end cone directed towards the outside. Coaxially downstream from the twist-producing member enclosing the fuel supply pipe, there are two additional twist-producing members with opposite twist direction enclosing each other.

Abstract: The invention comprehends a burner for powdered fuel comprising an annular conduit for the injection of solid fuel in powder form, included between two coaxial conduits for the injection of air, one internal and the other external in which the three conduits discharge into an expansion and stabilization chamber which is formed by a divergent truncated portion connected to the external air injection conduit and which also has a central cylindrical portion and a terminal convergent truncated portion.

Abstract: In a fluent fuel burner using a flame anchor plate, secondary air from a plenum leaves the plenum through a restricted passage so that the secondary air is at high velocity and correspondingly low pressure and this low pressure is used to suck the flame to the rim of the anchor plate. Two dual fuel burners are described in which a gaseous fuel introduction means has an enlarged end portion which extends from within the air plenum into a combustion space, the said portion having slots in it to allow primary air to enter the said portion to serve as primary air for combustion, and which has associated with it a flame anchor plate. The plenum has a wall on the combustion side with a hole in it. In one embodiment, the anchor plate overlies the rim of the hole so that a narrow annular passage defined between the plate and the wall directs the secondary air in a radial blast.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating and mixing industrial tail gases with a reducing gas by burning a mixture of fuel, air, and steam in a combustion chamber having a small outlet opening at the end of the chamber. A jacket surrounds the combustion chamber. The industrial gases are circulated around the combustion chamber inside the jacket, heat being transferred from the combustion chamber to the industrial gas. It is then mixed with the combustion products from the outlet of the combustion chamber to form a high temperature mixture of an industrial gas and a reducing gas for subsequent processing.

Abstract: NO.sub.x produced by combustion of nitrogen-containing fuels is reduced by a forced draft burner operating with below stoichiometric mixtures of air and fuel in a primary combustion chamber, combustion being completed by controlled injection of secondary air near the outlet of the chamber.

Abstract: A recirculating vortex burner wherein liquid fuel is vaporized in suspension by recirculating hot products of combustion and is thoroughly mixed with air in order that substantially carbon-free combustion occurs. The burner employs a combustion chamber into which air is supplied at one end by a plurality of fixed orifices that provide air jets for producing a spiraled swirling flow pattern in the chamber. Such flow pattern establishes a stable vortex with a relatively low pressure region in the chamber central portion and results in substantial recirculation of the products of combustion. The air jets intersect fuel sprayed into the chamber and entrain such fuel together with the recirculating products of combustion so that air, fuel and products of combustion are thoroughly mixed and the fuel is substantially gasified prior to combustion.

Abstract: The burner is capable of operating either on gas or fuel oil and includes a burner block with a high velocity discharge nozzle. Combustion air for the burner is rotationally spun to promote more complete combustion of the fuel and to reduce the formation of carbon deposits along the block and within the discharge nozzle. As a result of the spinning combustion air, a high rotational velocity is imparted to the flame so that the flame threads corkscrew-fashion out of the discharge nozzle and is formed with a hollow center.

Abstract: In the use of combustion apparatus with hot gas turbines it is desirable to e able to efficiently burn fuel at widely ranging rates (pounds per hour) in accordance with varying demands on the turbine. The present invention proposes a combustor wherein stable combustion is achieved over a wide range of fuel flows. Combustion air is introduced as a circumferential swirl around the sprayed fuel to promote a high tangential velocity and low core velocity.

Abstract: An igniter for the main burner of a gas turbine engine has an air chamber with a discharge passage and the fuel nozzle or tip is positioned within and in spaced relation to the walls of the passage. The tube has a helical member around the portion of the tube within the passage in order to impart a swirl to the air and the member itself is spaced from the passage walls to produce less swirl at the periphery of the air flow through the passage. The size of the device is such that it may operate continuously utilizing fuel from the main burner supply and air from the engine compressor.

Abstract: A gas burner is provided with a rich combustion chamber contiguous with a second combustion chamber through which combustion air enters in predetermined flow patterns to enable the burner to be self-stabilizing in a highly efficient manner. The rich combustion chamber receives air through a first port arrangement which, among other things, establishes underpressure zones at the center of the rich combustion chamber and air layer zones thereabout. Combustion air is supplied to the second chamber by a second port arrangement which, among other things, assures thorough combustion therein independent of the burner firing rate.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the combustion of liquid sulphur in a combustion chamber. The injection device for the liquid sulphur and the primary air comprises a double spraying arrangement : a simple mechanical spraying device in which the liquid sulphur is driven through a spray nozzle without the aid of an auxiliary driving fluid and a pneumatic spraying device in which a turbulent rotational primary air stream mixes with the relatively coarse spray produced by the spray nozzle through a constriction zone and into the combustion chamber, transforming the relatively coarse spray into a relatively fine spray. The fine spray enters the combustion chamber at the apex of a conical end wall of the combustion chamber and is driven into contact with the conical end wall due to the whirling action of the primary air. Secondary air is introduced along the lateral walls of the combustion chamber, in order to protect these walls of refractory material from the radiation heat produced during combustion.