Abstract: The nozzle comprises an axial chamber (23) provided in a first part (21) and into which the fuel gas is fed, and a chamber (24) which surrounds the chamber (23) and into which air is fed; the two chambers (23) and (24) are separated from the combustion chamber (4) by a front plate (5) in which three series of apertures are provided, namely a series of peripheral apertures (31) arranged to pass secondary air with a velocity having an axial and tangential component, a second series of apertures (32) disposed on a more inner circumference and arranged to pass primary air and also having an axial and possibly also tangential component, and a third series of more central apertures arranged to pass gas; by virtue of said apertures the burner thermal output is adjustable to the extent of enabling it to be varied within a very wide range of values.

Abstract: A ceramic burner for a hot blast stove, having a burner head where the combustion components mix and an air duct and a gas duct beneath the head for conducting combustion components to the head, the gas duct is within the air duct and is bounded by a wall. To prevent stresses due to differences of thermal expansion at least one horizontal sliding joint is arranged in the bounding wall of the gas duct closely under the burner head. The air duct is bounded by a brickwork wall which continues upwardly past the burner head and forms a combustion chamber. The burner head projects over and is supported by a shoulder in this wall and an essentially vertical expansion joint is located between the burner head and the wall.

Abstract: A combustion system includes waste, fuel, and oxidizer conduits which exit into a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is lined with refractory within a metal housing and includes a shoulder. A venturi extends between the combustion chamber and an oxidizer manifold mounted on one end of the combustion chamber. The waste conduit communicates with a nozzle in the venturi for atomizing the waste in the combustion chamber. The fuel conduit communicates with ports in the venturi whereby as the oxidizer passes through apertures in the venturi, the fuel is introduced into the oxidizer stream. The mixture of oxidizer and fuel is deflected toward the wall of the combustion chamber where the mixture becomes entrained with the atomized waste from the nozzle. The waste mixes with the mixture of oxidizer and fuel by turbulent flow and is redirected by the shoulder towards the nozzle.

Abstract: The emission of NOx, soot and particulates is minimized by combusting fuel in two sequential steps, viz. a first combustion step wherein a number of fuel jets and a substoichiometric amount of combustion air in the form of an equal number of high-velocity air jets are injected into a combustion chamber in such a manner that(a) each fuel jet merges into one high velocity air jet,(b) the characteristic mixing time of each fuel jet is less than about 10.sup.-4 sec, and(c) a plurality of separate fuel/air jets is generated forming at ignition a plurality of primary flames in which a residence time for the fuel of substantially at least 100 ms is maintained;and a second combustion step comprising introducing further combustion air into said combustion chamber for complete combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A burner assembly of the forced draft type includes a set of waste and oxidizer conduits which exit into the combustion zone of a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber includes a primary chamber and a secondary chamber formed by a lining of refractory within a metal housing. A nozzle is disposed at the outlet of the waste conduit to flare the spray of the fluid waste into the primary combustion chamber. The air conduits communicate with the primary combustion chamber about the periphery thereof. The nozzle end of the waste conduit causes the waste to become entrained with the combustion air moving adjacent the inner lateral walls of the primary combustion chamber. The air exiting from the plurality of air conduits is intercepted by the waste exiting from the waste conduit. The waste mixes with the air by turbulent flow, and the pressure of the air and waste creates a velocity sufficient to cause a back pressure within the primary combustion chamber.

Abstract: A device for improved combustion of gaseous fuel and air includes a tubular housing and has a combustion chamber disposed about the tubular housing. A first conduit extends from one end of the tubular housing for the passage of air therethrough. A second conduit extends coaxially through the first conduit and tubular housing and has a circular baffle cooperative therewith so as to retard the passage of air. A circular opening in the second end of the tubular housing has an annular baffle disposed therein to assist in retarding flow of air. A series of curvilinear fins are disposed in a spiral configuration between the circular baffle and the annular baffle so as to effect a swirling motion of air passing therethrough. An end cap is attached to the end of the second conduit with a circular baffle at one end of the end cap, an annular baffle at the other end and fins disposed therebetween. Gaseous fuel passes through the second conduit and the end cap.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber having a flame tube therein at an annular gap from a housing of the chamber, a burner apparatus including at least one pilot burner near an end face of the flame tube for generating a pilot flame from natural gas and/or heating oil, an air supply channel surrounding the head of the pilot burner, a premixing device for natural gas in the form of a ring channel system surrounding the head including flow conduction walls defining an inflow cross section at an air inflow side of the ring channel system open toward the annular gap for conducting a majority of combustion air from the annular gap to a combustion zone developing downstream of the burner head in the flame tube, the combustion air having flow vectors with components entering the combustion zone in directions from parallel to the burner axis to an acute angle to the burner axis, the combustion air components having swirl components superimposed thereon tangentially relative to the burner axis acting as a swirl center, a multiplic

Abstract: A coal combustion control system is provided with independent means for supplying primary air and secondary air to a burner pipe assembly having a longitudinal central conduit through which pulverized coal suspended in primary air passes. Surrounding the central section is a first annular conduit through which secondary air is supplied, the secondary air passing through a spinner section near the outlet end of the annulus which imparts turbulence to the secondary air flow. In a preferred embodiment, a second annular conduit conveys a portion of the secondary air without spinners and turbulence. The relative quantities of air passing through the first annular, spinning or turbulent, zone and the second annular, straight or non-turbulent, zone can be regulated to obtain the desired flame characteristics and flame length appropriate for a given use of the coal burning system.

Abstract: Vanes operatively attached to external sleeves are provided in a conduit to implement on the outside of the conduit change in the swirl angle of incoming fluids.

Abstract: A vortex burner is provided in a burner block, having a sleeve spaced within the burner block, the sleeve being shorter than the burner block opening and spaced within such opening to provide a passageway between them. The burner block has an exvoluting cup which creates negative pressure therein, tending to draw cooling air inwardly into the cup, cooling the short sleeve.

Abstract: A burner for burning pulverized fuel, especially pulverized lignite or coal, comprises a combustion chamber 1, and an ignition chamber 2 having an ignition burner 9. A supply line 5 for powder and air for pneumatic conveyance debouches into the ignition chamber 2. Further combustion air may be fed through outflow means 8 into the combustion chamber. To achieve a short flame as well as an improved homogeneity of the distribution of the mixture, the burner includes a distribution pipe 3, the surface of which being provided with a large number of openings 11. The supply line 5 for powder and conveying air terminates into the distribution pipe 3, preferably a rotating movement being imparted to the mixture flowing along the wall of the distribution pipe 3.

Abstract: A burner for pulverized coal such as in a rotary kiln includes three concentric cylindrical ducts. The outer duct carries an air supply which is directed in a generally axial direction into the kiln. The next innermost duct carries the pulverized coal-carrier gas mixture and is also generally directed in an axial direction. The next innermost duct carries air which is directed in a divergent radial direction in the kiln and includes a rotational air component. By controlling the quantities of air in the ducts which flank the coal duct, the resulting flame form can be controlled in the kiln without restoring to variations in the velocity or direction of the coal carrier gas stream. By eliminating such variations in regard to the coal carrier gas stream, the abrasive action of the pulverized coal is kept to a minimum.

Abstract: An improved airstream heater comprising a heater housing with a heating chamber through which an airstream to be heated is forced by airstream movement means, air turbulence creating means within the heater housing to create controlled air turbulence within the heating chamber for rapid and uniform heating of the airstream, and a burner which disperses its flame so as to rapidly and uniformly heat the airstream.

Abstract: A hot blast stove for use with high capacity blast furnaces incorporates a gas flow baffle particularly configured for improving mixture of combustion air and gas within the combustion chamber to enhance fuel burning characteristics with a concomitant reduction in pressure-pulsation experienced within the system and without an appreciable reduction in fuel firing rate.

Abstract: Slabs can be uniformly heated by the use of a side-burner type heating furnace having flame length-variable type burners in the side walls, each burner consisting of an inner air flow nozzle, a fuel gas nozzle and an outer air flow nozzle arranged concentrically, and by adjusting the ratio of the flow rate of air passing through the inner air flow nozzle to the flow rate of air passing through the outer air flow nozzle depending upon the variation of the flow rate of fuel gas.

Abstract: An immersion evaporator is disclosed having, connected to its evaporation vessel, a pipe for feeding a solution to be concentrated by evaporation into the evaporation vessel, a riser pipe for withdrawing the concentrated solution and any crystals from the evaporation vessel, a pipe for withdrawing flue gases and vapors from the evaporation vessel, and an immersion pipe extending vertically inside the evaporation vessel, the upper end of the immersion pipe being connected, by means of an angle joint piece to the outlet of the combustion chamber, there being at the opposite end of the combustion chamber, a burner for liquid or gaseous fuel, the burner having a cylindrical combustion gas turbulence chamber for an oxygen-bearing combustion gas, at one end of which there is a substantially tangential combustion gas inlet conduit and a fuel dispersion pipe extending coaxially into the turbulence chamber, the opposite end of the turbulence chamber being convergent.

Abstract: A fuel-staging burner assembly and method in which a burner nozzle has separate, concentrically disposed elements to burn coarse and fine coal particles under different combustion conditions to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides from the combustion of coal as a fuel. The burner assembly further includes a control nozzle for maintaining a swirling motion in the combustion flame and a separate, axially-movable adjustable sleeve for regulating the quantity flow of turbulence-free combustion-supporting air.

Abstract: A staged air burner having a swirl chamber for providing a swirl flow path for primary combustion air, a tangential duct system for providing a tangential flow path for primary combustion air flowing toward the swirl flow path, and a converging passage structure for providing a converging flow path for secondary air which flows along the converging flow path inwardly toward an axis of the swirl chamber downstream of the latter. At least two fuel supply systems are respectively situated at two of the above flow paths for supplying combustible fuel thereto so that it is possible to fire fuel simultaneously at least at two of the flow paths.

Abstract: The method of fuel burning in combustion chambers resides in predivision of the primary and secondary air into discrete coaxial annular streams, swirling of the coaxial annular streams of primary air tangentially about the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, the adjacent annular streams being swirled in opposite directions, admission of the swirled coaxial streams of primary air and a portion of the coaxial annular streams of secondary air simultaneously with fuel into the burning zone to form a recirculation flow of the fuel-air mixture, and delivery of the remaining portion of the coaxial annular streams of secondary air into the mixing zone of the combustion chamber. The annular combustion chamber carrying this method into effect comprises two concentric annular flame tubes for restriction of the burning zone, with an annular stabilizer disposed therebetween and having holes for fuel supply provided in the outer wall thereof.

Abstract: A variable capacity burner assembly for the combustion of a fuel-air mixture is disclosed which includes a combustion air supply housing having spaced front and rear walls and including an opening in said front wall for the discharge of combustion air into a combustion zone. Disposed within the housing are a plurality of plate-like air directing vanes arranged in a circular array such that combustion air passing therethrough has a rotary, swirling motion imparted thereto prior to its discharge into the combustion zone. Flow control means for varying the volume of combustion air passing through said vanes are provided which include a generally planar baffle member having a circular array of slots therein corresponding to the array of air directing vanes, which vanes are in registry with said slots.

Abstract: A pulverized coal burner for a furnace adapted to be used in conjunction with a pulverizer which reduces coal to approximately 40 microns size in the presence of inert steam which conveys it under pressure to said burner tangentially to spiral the same within a fuel tube around a coaxial central tube axially adjustable within the fuel tube to adjust the relation between flared distribution and mixing members respectively on the discharge ends of said tubes. Combustion air is fed coaxially around the discharge end of the fuel tube for thorough mixture with the coal which is conveyed with a minimum amount of steam through said tube so as not to deter combustion in the combustion zone which is immediately adjacent the discharge end of the fuel and central tubes.

Abstract: A domestic furnace for heating a fluid that is circulated through a residential building includes an oil burner, a firebox for combustion products of the burner, a heat exchanger and a flue. A conduit extending from outside of the building supplies outside air to the burner and to the flue through a pressure controlled damper; the combustion air supplied to the burner is filtered. The air inlet to the burner includes a damper that closes automatically when the burner is extinguished, to eliminate heat losses up the flue during furnace standby. Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions are minimized by the design of the burner and firebox combination. A conventional type burner head is used, rather than a flame retention type, and its choke diameter is related quantitatively to the burner firing rate. In addition, the burner head has oversized, internal, peripheral air swirler vanes.

Abstract: A method of decomposing ammonia fumes which have a high hydrogen sulfide content, in particular, deacidizer fumes from an NH.sub.3 -H.sub.2 S closed-circuit scrubber of coke oven gases, in which the washed-out NH.sub.3 is enriched. The inventive method comprises burning a heating fuel with an amount of oxygen to generate combustion gases having a low oxygen content, heating the deacidizer fumes by direct contact with the combustion gases in order to form a hot mixture of the gases and deacidizer fumes and subsequently directing the hot mixture through a decomposition zone. A burner for decomposing the ammonia fumes comprises a cylindrical housing which has a closed end wall and an opposite opened end. A tube sheet is situated in the housing spaced from the closed end to define a combustion air chamber therein into which combustion air is fed for passage through a plurality of tubes which extend through the tube sheet and terminate in combustion air discharges at their opposite ends.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for reducing solid combustible particles by heat and abrasion to a condition in which they can be burned completely and without the production of objectionable solid particulates in the exhaust gases. Solid combustible particles are carried into an outer chamber of the device by a low pressure transport air stream, with additional air at high pressure and high velocity being introduced into the same chamber in a relation driving the solid particles rapidly and circularly within the outer chamber and about an inner chamber of the device. Impingement of the particles against one another and/or the walls of the outer chamber during such swirling motion, supplemented by partial oxidation of the combustibles, raises the temperature of the particles and comminutes or reduces their sizes to form a very highly combustible flowable aerosol mass which will burst into flame when contacted by a stream of secondary combustion air.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a geyseric burner assembly for selectively and efficiently burning either oil or a gaseous fuel therein and discharging the combustion flow in an axial direction. The burner assembly includes a plurality of concentric shells defining an outer housing, a plenum which communicates with a forced air supply and an air passageway which delivers air for combustion from the plenum along the interior shells where the air is preheated to a toroidally shaped mixing ring which is disposed on an inclined floor about a gas pilot nozzle. Oil or gaseous fuel is selectively introduced to the burner toward the mixing ring where it mixes in a rolling or turbulent geyseric motion with the inflowing air resulting in instantaneous ignition and combustion.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an aerodynamic fuel combustor for generating hot gases, including means forming a mixing chamber and a combustion chamber, and a flameholder therebetween. Means are provided for admitting desired proportions of fuel gas and air to the mixing chamber to form a combustible gas under a controlled pressure; in one form, these means comprise a jet ejector. The flameholder is a vortex generator having one or more flow channels shaped to supply swirling gases to the combustion chamber. The flow channels form a substantial exit angle with respect to the axis of the combustion chamber, but not exceeding 60.degree., and are formed by airfoils terminating in bluff trailing edges of substantial area to cause eddying flow. The cooler gas molecules are centrifuged to the outside of the burning gas in the combustion chamber, thus cooling the chamber walls.