Abstract: An air-cooled oxygen-gas burner for use with a direct fired furnace. The burner comprises a body formed from three concentric metal tubes supported in a cylindrical housing secured about a conical bore in a refractory side wall of a furnace. The three concentric tubes have a cone shaped inner end which are adjustable to define a nozzle with annular openings therebetween of variable size to vary the shape of a flame produced by a mixture of combustible gas, oxygen and air fed under pressure, respectively, in each of two chambers defined between the three concentric metal tubes and a chamber defined between the tubes and the cylinder housing. The combustible gas is fed in the inner chamber, the oxygen in the intermediate chamber, while the air is fed in the outer chamber to cool the concentric tube assembly and the furnace refractory about the burner nozzle.

Abstract: An improved premix-type burner for a gas-fired metal processing furnace includes a burner insert externally adjustable over a stepless continuum. The burner insert includes a helical thread disposed on its outer diameter which cooperatively engages with a helical thread disposed on an inner diameter of the burner body bore. Rotation of an adjustment tube, which extends into the burner body and is affixed to the burner insert concentrically disposed therein, causes axial translation of the burner insert, thereby regulating fuel flow to the combustion chamber and controlling the combustion process.

Abstract: A burner for the combustion of a fuel plus air mixture comprises a central nozzle pipe having an inner surface with a portion which diverges outwardly. An axially moveable plug is positioned within the nozzle pipe and includes an outer wall with a diverging section extending within the diverging section of the nozzle pipe. By axially moving the plug, the cross sectional area of the space between the diverging surfaces increases and decreases for respectively decreasing and increasing the velocity of the fuel plus air mixture passing through the nozzle space. This reduces the formation of NO.sub.x and the length of the flame produced by the burner.

Abstract: A gun-type oil burner is disclosed having a motor axially aligned with a fuel pump and a blower at opposite ends. The blower draws air into the burner, the amount of which is controlled by an adjustable air gate. The blower inlet is covered by a removable, protective air scoop. Upon removal of the air scoop, an outside air boot is easily connected to the burner without burner modification. The air in the burner travels along a serpentine path which contains smooth curves and perimetrally disposed protrusions for reducing the velocity of the air flow and maintaining its static pressure. The air flows through an air tube in a helical pattern, mixes with oil and is ignited at the air tube outlet. A fuel nozzle, ignitors and a fuel supply conduit are supported as a burner sub-assembly within the tube by a spider. A preselected stop of a number of removable stops of differing sizes is located on the spider and properly positions the burner sub-assembly within the air tube.

Abstract: A cyclone burner is provided which comprises an outer barrel with first and second ends and an inlet conduit extending tangentially into a side of the barrel for receiving a mixture of fuel and air. A hollow frustocone extends from one of the barrel ends and an injection nozzle extends from the frustum of the frustocone for discharging the mixture into a combustion chamber. A primary air vent extends axially into the other end of the barrel for venting a portion of the mixture. An outer sleeve is connected to a rod which extends through the outer barrel, into the primary air vent, and projects therefrom for actuation of the outer sleeve into the injection nozzle for controlling the amount of discharge of the mixture through the injection nozzle. An inner sleeve retractable into the outer sleeve is connected to a tube in which the inner rod extends.

Abstract: The invention provides a pressure jet burner comprising a blast tube mounted on a housing. The directional position of the blast tube may be adjusted from a horizontal position to a vertical position or any intermediate position. A fan is located in a housing for supplying air to the blast tube via a horizontal duct.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor comprises a source electrode and a drain electrode formed in a spaced-apart relation to each other on a substrate, a semiconductor layer formed over the source and drain electrodes, a gate insulating film formed on the semiconductor layer and a gate electrode on the gate insulating film. First and second ohmic contact layers are formed in the entirety of the surface regions of the semiconductor layer which are in contact with the source and drain electrodes.

Abstract: An oil-burning or gas-burning warm up burner for the hearth of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The burner has a fuel lance on the axis of the burner, a rectangular peripheral admission channel admits combustion air around the lance. Air flow channelling sheets are on either side of the lance. The fuel lance is retracted during periods of normal operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler when the warm up burner is not in operation. The lance is isolated in retracted position from the atmosphere of the hearth. The lance is isolated by longitudinal segments of the combustion air flow channelling sheets constituting flaps provided with an axle perpendicular to the axis of the burner. Rotation of the axles enable the segments to take up positions perpendicular to the burner axis closing the corresponding passage of the combustion air admission channel beyond the end of the lance, when the lance is in its retracted position.

Abstract: An air/burner port assembly for a boiler having a water-wall and a windbox spaced rearwardly of the water-wall to form a windbox, comprises a burner and ignitor mounted in the windbox for directing and igniting fuel through a port in the water-wall. A damper door is mounted on linkages which are actuated by a piston and cylinder combination, for opening and closing the port. The burner comprises an atomizer which is mounted within a fixed sleeve for movement outwardly of the port when the damper is open, and inwardly of the port for allowing the damper to close.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus and method are provided which can achieve highly effective and complete combustion of combustible gases therein. In accordance with the invention, a stream of oxidant gas is directed along and in contact with the exterior surface of a hollow member having inlets communicating with the interior thereof. The oxidant gas is then directed through the inlets into the interior of the hollow member. Oxidant gas swirl vanes are provided within the hollow member to impart swirling motion to the oxidant gas. A nozzle extends into the hollow member and also contains swirl vanes which impart a swirling motion to at least one combustible gas which is passed through the nozzle. Swirling combustible gas exiting the nozzle outlet mixes with the swirling stream of oxidant gas to produce a combustible mixture. The combustible gas in such mixture is combusted and combustion products are discharged through an outlet of the hollow member.

Abstract: In a power plant boiler having oil and coal burning capability, a coal disperser support tube and an oil gun extending through the disperser support tube are slidable in a bearing sleeve extending through a removable access plate in the wall of an elbow of a coal guide. The disperser is arranged to be withdrawn into the coal guide delivery pipe by a first two-position, reversible, linear pneumatic actuator, and the oil gun is arranged to be withdrawn into the disperser support tube by a second similar actuator the body of which is carried with the piston of the first actuator and the piston of which is connected to the oil gun. The piston of the second actuator is withdrawn when the piston of the first actuator is extended to minimize space requirements. The dispenser support, oil gun, actuators, and associated parts are all mounted on the removable access plate, and can be removed as a unit with the access plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus intended to effect the combustion of a mixture of air and liquid or gaseous fuel, wherein the injection of the fuel is staged without that of the air for combustion being staged. According to the invention, in addition to the primary means (20, 34) for injecting fuel into the passage (10, 14) supplying air to the burner, secondary injection means (24) mounted inside said passage are provided and comprise a main part (24a) which is extended by a terminal part (24b) bent in such a manner that the end of said terminal part is situated downstream of the end of the primary means (20, 34) and at a distance from the axis (2) of said passage which is greater than the minimum section of the latter. The invention is applicable both to so-called parallel air admission burners and to burners having swirl vanes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting horizontal, vertical, and horizontal and vertical angular positions of tubes without need to re-position an entire mounting bracket assembly or mounting bracket baseplate. Such adjustable mounting bracket assembly may be used for axial adjustment of a burner nozzle while maintaining a seal by a ball-and-socket joint located on a furnace wall.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for retracting and inserting a shaft through a high pressure vessel while in operation comprising: a sleeve extending through a wall of the vessel, a shaft extending through the sleeve; a shield, compression seals, and valve to prevent materials within the vessel from escaping through the sleeve upon retraction of the shaft, and a prime mover connected to an end of the shaft outside the vessel wall for retracting and inserting the shaft.

Abstract: A feed valve is disclosed for self-feeding of air or fuel gas to a pulse combustion burner in response to oscillating burner pressures. The feed valve includes a housing having a plurality of flapper valves arranged to provide additive one-way flows into the valve housing and a combined single input flow into the burner.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for burning solid fuels, preferably coal in pulverized form, which are mixed with a carrier liquid, such as water and/or oil or the like, to thereby form an emulsion, and for this purpose the fuel emulsion is injected through a substantially annular entrance port into a combustion chamber so that an approximately hollow cone-shaped flow configuration is produced. Within this flow configuration, a low pressure is built up immediately behind the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber so that a portion of hot combustion gases and a remainder of unburnt fuel particles are recirculated to the entrance port. Furthermore, gas entrance ports are provided in the end wall of the combustion chamber, through which the gas or air flows, the path of flow of which extends concentrically and spirally towards the axis of the entrance port for the fuel emulsion opening into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pulse combustion apparatus capable of operating using a variety of different fuels includes an exchangeable fuel supply nozzle disposed adjacent a primary air inlet valve and separated from secondary air inlet valves by baffle means. The baffle means co-operates with the nozzle to define a metering orifice through which the primary air flows. The size of the orifice is determined by the axial position of the nozzle so that nozzles for different fuels can be positioned in axially different positions to meter the primary air as required to maintain continuous combustion commensurate with a pulse cycle of reasonable strength.

Abstract: In order to prevent burn-off of a radial feedstock nozzle in a carbon black reactor, resulting when the feedstock stopped flowing through the nozzle, a preselected minimum temperature of the feedstock tube actuates a mechanism to withdraw the feedstock from the hot zone of the reactor.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for a smelting furnace comprising a burner body having a tip insertable into and withdrawable from a burner inserting bore in the wall of the furnace, a seal bar insertable into and withdrawable from the bore for closing the bore, shifting means for alternatively positioning the tip or the seal bar in alignment with the bore, and means for driving the tip and the seal bar into and out of the bore. When the burner is not used for auxiliary combustion, the seal bar is inserted into the bore to prevent the bore and the burner nozzles from clogging with splashes of molten metal and slag.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for introducing auxilliary heat into a furnace, particularly for metallurgical heating and melting.The apparatus includes a gland which fits into a wall of a furnace, a drum-like device which fits into a mating opening in the gland, a burner sleeve in the drum for receiving a burner such as an oxy-fuel burner and directing the burner flame into the interior of the furnace. The drum and the integral burner are rotatable about an axis. Rotation of the drum moves the burner into the operative position or into the standby position clear of the furnace. Provision is made for oscillating the drum and burner during the heating operation.

Abstract: A method for controlling combustion of atomized fuel in industrial furnaces, in which flame radiation and temperature distributions in a furnace are controlled into optimum conditions in terms of heat efficiency by adjusting a feed rate of an atomizing medium and/or a distal end position of a burner.

Abstract: Four-stage flame retention head assembly for use in the air pipe of a fuel burner having a fuel nozzle mounted coaxially within the air pipe. This assembly comprises an outwardly diverging flame retention head mounted in the air pipe in front of the fuel nozzle. This head successively defines, starting from its smaller end, an air-and-fuel mixture chamber; a first inwardly open expansion chamber; a throttle section and an outwardly convex section defining a second expansion chamber. A primary air inlet annular plate is mounted transversely at the inlet end of the head and has a central opening circumscribed by a continuous annulus. The latter has a series of air inlet apertures and loovers over the apertures, the latter and the loovers causing swirling of the air as it enters into the mixing chamber. The first and second expansion chambers are provided with circumferentially spaced air apertures to pass air into the retention head to sustain combustion therein as well as to cool the head.

Abstract: A burner is disclosed for alternatively burning coal dust or oil. An annular housing includes a blower at one end thereof for directing a rotating air stream through the housing. A chamber located downstream from the blower has a plurality of outlet pipes extending downstream therefrom in an annular configuration about an atomizing nozzle and an eddy plate. An adjustable burner head is mounted on the end of each of the outlet pipes, the burner heads being arranged for optimum mixture of coal dust and air, fed from the chamber through the outlet pipes to the burner heads, with the rotating air stream passing about and through a hole in the eddy plate to insure optimum combustion. An oil ignition auxiliary burner having a nozzle between the eddy plate and the outlet end of the chamber serves to ignite the coal dust and air mixture. An atomizing nozzle for feeding atomized oil into the burner is provided as an alternative fuel source.

Abstract: The invention has for its object a radiant flat flame burner used particularly in reheating furnaces for siderurgical purposes, which comprises in combination:a combustion air swirling device consisting of fixed flat blades, fitted in the combustion air annular duct, and adapted for imparting to the combustion air a swirling motion;a fire port of ceramic material, composed of a substantially cylindrical rear portion and of an adjoined flaring fore portion, delimited by a wall having a profile in form of a sector of a circle and extending over an angle of 90.degree.;a liquid fuel atomizing nozzle, the liquid fuel atomizing nozzle being provided with a swirling device, which is adapted for imparting a swirling motion to the atomized liquid fuel.

Abstract: The present invention consists of a forge for heating horseshoes or the like to enable a blacksmith to shape and form metal objects. The forge or oven includes a gas burner which is positioned to maximize the heating capabilities of the oven while utilizing a minimum of gas fuel.

Abstract: Burner tubes for coke oven heating flues and method and apparatus for inserting and/or removing the same from burner nozzles. The burner tubes themselves can be inserted or removed from burner nozzles permanently installed in the sole of a heating flue and comprise thin-walled alumina elements provided with external fins adapted to engage the top edges of the burner nozzles. The apparatus for inserting and removing the tubes comprises two pivotally-connected rods, the lower of which is adapted to carry either a fixture which can insert a burner tube into a burner nozzle or a fixture which can remove a burner tube. In either case, the fixture is such that it can be engaged with, or disengaged from, a burner tube by manipulation of the uppermost pivotally-connected rod without manual contact with the tube in the heating flue itself.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus is of the type in which feed units feed air and hydrocarbon material into a reaction chamber, where they react to form carbon black. A filter then removes the carbon black. Disclosed is the provision of a mixing chamber between the feed units and the reaction chamber. The mixing chambers pass through a demountable hollow reactor cover through which there is circulated a heat transfer fluid for controlling the temperature of the mixing chamber walls. The mixing chamber can be common to a plurality of feed units or be separate for each feed unit.Also disclosed is a feed unit which has a vortex plate, an output nozzle, and a hydrocarbon spray nozzle, all mounted on a hydrocarbon supply tube which in turn is fixed to a demountable cover of the feed unit. This permits these components to be readily removed with the cover for replacement or service. The feed units can also have their temperature controlled by the heat transfer fluid for the mixing chambers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a substantially stoichiometric combustion of liquid fuels in a burner assembly wherein a stream of compact or atomized fuel is produced by means of an orifice or nozzle (e.g. injection, pressure, rotary atomizing nozzle) and fed into a mixing and atomizing zone in accordance with the preferably adjustable, nozzle input pressure, wherein at least part of the combustion air as an atomizing medium is introduced from the side of the axis of the fuel stream, with the flow of such air being adapted to be controlled with respect to throughput (flow rate) and flow velocity, and including a subsequent combustion of the fuel/air mixture within a combustion zone downstream of said mixing zone.

Abstract: A system for feeding coal or other material blown from a pipe in a desired trajectory is disclosed including a positioning device for applying directional force to the midsection of the pipe to produce slight bending for orienting the free end, which device has an horizontal adjustment member and a vertical adjustment member. Each comprising a slotted arm with an integral handle mounted on three congruent support plates and pivoted respectively in the interstices between the middle and outer plates. The plates have concentric circular openings therein through which a sleeve for passing the pipe therethrough axially extends.

Abstract: A furnace firing system including a furnace port, a burner including a nozzle at one end received in the port and a mounting for the burner to position the nozzle in the port at a desired firing angle. The burner comprises an elongated body having a frustoconical locating member fixedly mounted therearound adjacent the other end of the burner and tapering towards the one end. The mounting is connected to the burner solely at the locating members via a receiving member having the inner surface thereof configured to closely receive the locating member. The locating member is releasably retained in the receiving member and the burner is pivoted about a pivot axis disposed between the locating member and the nozzle and substantially adjacent the nozzle by a pivot arm extending between the pivot axis and the receiving member and connected to the receiving member at one end.

Abstract: A premix-type gaseous fuel burning system for alternate or simultaneous combustion of low BTU gas and normal BTU gas comprises a gas supply means for providing both high BTU gas and low BTU gas at selected substantial velocity, and a burner tube for receiving said gas, whereby primary air is inducted into the burner tube and mixed with the gas flow. A burner head comprises a long narrow rectangular structure of tapered construction that is inserted upwardly into a corresponding rectangular opening in the floor of the furnace. The opening is also tapered in the same direction as the burner head, but with a selected annular spacing between the walls of the opening and the burner head. Means are provided for vertically adjusting the position of the burner head within the opening. Secondary combustion air is directed through the annular space between the burner head and the opening in the floor of a furnace.

Abstract: A flat flame burner assembly comprises a refractory block having a flaring port and a hollow body, mounted thereon, provided with an inlet for the admission of combustion air and with an air diffuser presenting passages directed so as to cause the combustion air to swirl in the combustion zone of the flaring port; a burner mechanism comprising a lance for feeding the fuel terminating with a burner head extending in the combustion zone, a first pipe for a fluid atomizing agent coaxial to said lance, a second pipe, coaxial to the first pipe, for feeding air for the protection of the burner head from the heat, in communication with a sheath which surrounds the burner head. The burner head consists of a first chamber in which the fuel is admitted by means of a distributor, and of a second chamber, or mixing chamber, in which the fuel is atomized by the atomizing agent, and then sprayed into the combustion zone through a nozzle.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuel in which a pressure atomizer jet is located concentrically in an air supply pipe. A potlike body is located between the discharge opening of the air supply pipe and the discharge opening of the burner jet. The body or member is opened towards the combustion chamber, and has a shell having radial openings and extending to the discharge opening of the air supply type for closing it. The potlike member has a bottom constructed as a baffle plate with a center opening and radial slots emanating from it. Upstream of this baffle plate, there is located another potlike member which encloses a space containing the atomizer jet and the ignition electrodes. The bottom of the other potlike member is penetrated by a pipe whose discharge opening is downstream of the ignition electrodes between them. The diameter of the rim of the other potlike member is smaller than the diameter measured by the outer ends of the radial slots and is larger than the diameter of the center opening of the baffle plate.

Abstract: A fluids spraying assembly for use with pressure vessels, the assembly being adapted to permit the spraying head to be retracted for inspection and replaced in spraying use without leakages of gases from the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A nozzle for mixing a high pressure gas, a liquid fuel and water and finely dividing the latter two is connected in fluid communication with another nozzle facing an impact disperser. The mixture spouted through the latter nozzle collides with the impact disperser to be dispersed into a combustion chamber. A stream adjustment disposed around the second nozzle encircles the disperser to determine an angle at which the finely divided fuel and liquid particles are dispersed in the combustion chamber. Also an apertured paraboloidal surface encircling a nozzle can oppose to a cavity resonator to generate an impulsive wave with a high pressure gas spouted through the nozzle to finely divide liquid particles from that nozzle in the form of an emulsion.

Abstract: A shell gas burner is provided to preheat a kiln wherein the burner can be also used for process axial air and has provisions for retracting the burner for protection from high heat source or extending the burner for ease of replacement.

Abstract: Fuel gas produced e.g. in a fluid bed gasifier and which comprises deposit-forming materials such as heavy hydrocarbons (e.g. tars) and non-combustible fines is passed via conduits and solid-removing cyclones to a burner for admixture with air and subsequent combustion. Deposits formed in the conduits cyclones and burner are removed by closing off the burner outlet and air inlet, and passing a deposit-removing reactant (e.g. air) into the conduit to oxidize and thereby remove deposits, particularly from the cyclones. Preferably, there are at least two burners for the fuel gas, and they are closed off alternately to remove deposits from their respective conduits and cyclones.

Abstract: The flame length in axial direction of a tubular carbon black reactor is made adjustable by providing a means to adjust the pivot angle between the direction of the longitudinal axis and the axis of a fuel gas or fuel oil discharge nozzle of a burner.

Abstract: A device for vaporizing liquid fuel supplied to a furnace chamber. The device comprises a tubular structure having one end adapted to extend into the chamber, and, a plate located over said end, the tube and plate being made of heat resistant materials. Openings are provided in the wall of the tube at locations adjacent and in communication with the plate, the tube being adapted to receive liquid fuel for direction to the plate; the plate, in turn, is adapted to vaporize drops of liquid fuel striking the plate.

Abstract: A gas cook top having plural burners and an electric ignition system in which a single glow coil ignites a pilot at the end of a rotating tube. The tube sweeps successively by the coil and the burners to produce the pilot flame and apply the same to ignite the burner or burners turned on for use. Igniter energization and pilot rotation is responsive to and coincident with any burner on condition, with burner valve actuation controlling the coil, tube drive, and a pilot valve for the latter.