Abstract: This invention relates to an electrically conductive silicon carbide heating unit that includes an axially elongated, silicon carbide tubular heating element which is electrically conductive. The heating element is provided with an annular flange that has an axial bore into which the electrode is extended. Silicon solder fills the gap in the bore, extends somewhat outwardly of the flange to provide a protective layer and provide a good electrical connection between the heater element and the electrode. A stainless steel sleeve is provided on the electrode to extend outwardly from the silicon solder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a free flame burner with turbulent atomisation, which comprises a fuel oil feed pump, a combustion air feed fan and a compressor for feeding a fraction of the gaseous combustion products to a combustion chamber, wherein the fuel oil and said fraction of gaseous combustion products are fed, with mutually opposing rotary motion, to an atomiser nozzle in which the gas and fuel unite turbulently before being fed into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel preheating system for an internal combustion engine wherein a preheater includes a body member having defined therein a pair of serially connected, generally parallel bores defining a flow passages through which a flow of fuel may be passed for heating thereof by elongated electric heaters extending within the passages and including a heating element encompassed by helical coils of a heat exchange structure. At least some of the coils of the heat exchange structure define plural tortuous flow paths extending generally axially of the heater.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for temperature control of a gas-heated evaporator according to DIN standard 30 696, which for attaining, keeping constant, and limiting a predetermined operating temperature is equipped with heating and control elements.

Abstract: The burner has a motor (11), a fuel pump (13) and a fan (15). In the flame tube (81) is a gasification chamber having a gasification chamber housing (75) coaxially located to the flame tube (81), and a housing (75) located at a distance therefrom. The rotor (17) located in the housing (75) can be axially moved with respect to the bearing (29), thereby causing a slot between the axial bearing surfaces (51, 53). Through this slot fuel is ejected into the gasification chamber by the rotation of the rotor (17). The opening of the slot between the axial bearing surfaces (51, 53) depends on the oil pressure which is determined by signals of the heating control 24. The fuel throughput may be controlled in steps or continuously according to the heat requirements. The electric heating (77) is only used during the start phase. In operation of the burner the heat requirements for the gasifying chamber (25) are covered by the recirculation of hot combustion gases through the recirculation gas inlet (73).

Abstract: A liquid fuel combustion apparatus including a housing defining a composite chamber; a perforate wall separating the composite chamber into a vaporization chamber and a combustion chamber and distributing the flow of vapor therebetween; an intake pipe providing air flow to the vaporization and combustion chambers; and a vaporization pipe comprising an inlet portion disposed in the combustion chamber and a discharge portion projecting into the vaporization chamber, the discharge portion defining a jet for discharging fuel into the vaporization chamber. Also included is a means for feeding liquid fuel into an end of the vaporization pipe opposite to the discharge portion, and an igniter for igniting fuel in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a vapor burner for liquid fuel there is an electrically heatable gasifying chamber (1), a passage system (K) concentric therewith for supplying air of combustion, and a burner tube (26) which surrounds a combustion chamber (25) and is bounded at the rear by an annular closure wall (22). The gasifying chamber (1) is formed substantially by a central gasifying tube (2). Guide means (19) serve to produce an external annular eddy (31) of combustion gases that extends along the inside (33) of the burner tube (26) rearwardly at least over a section disposed axially in front of the mouth (23) of the passage system (K). An ionisation measuring electrode (35) placed in the backward flow permits the flame to be accurately detected independently of the flame front which changes with a change in the burner output. When the burner tube (26) glows, there is automatic re-ignition if the flame blows off.

Abstract: In the case of a light duty oil burner designed for an hourly flow rate of less than 5 kg of oil, the oil burner having a nozzle head (3) associated with a heat exchanger (1), the nozzle head having an injection nozzle (7) mounted on a centrally positioned nozzle holder (8) and supplied with oil, and an outer combustion tube (4) placed around the holder of the injection nozzle (7) with the formation of a combustion air duct (5) connected with an air supply, it is possible to obtain a high overall efficiency and a good compatibility with the environment, while at the same time keeping to the basic concept of conventional light duty burners, by so designing the burner that the oil flow rate through the injection nozzle (7), that is in the form of a non-return spin or simplex nozzle with a constant nozzle cross section, and the air flow rate in keeping with the instantaneous oil flow rate, through the combustion air duct (5) may be controlled in keeping with the load, the air flow rate through the combustion air

Abstract: A combustion chamber (1; 101), is surrounded by a heater (4; 104), by means of which a constant temperature in the order of 850.degree. C. can be maintained in the chamber (1; 101). The chamber (1; 101) has arranged therein devices (17, 18, 117) which, when the arrangement is in operation, partly obstruct the passage of gas through the chamber. The waste gases to be treated are introduced into the chamber (1; 101) through an inlet (2; 102) and the treated, residual waste gas is discharged from the chamber through an outlet (3; 103). The arrangement also includes a supply line (14,15,16, 114,115) for supplying pre-heated reaction medium to the interior of the chamber (1; 101).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making for a vapor burner a tubular fuel preparing chamber which opens into a combustion chamber and is heatable to a relatively high temperature. The fuel preparing chamber is cooperable with an air supply system which supplies combustion air and is formed with ceramic tubes which are heatable to a glow temperature for effecting ignition and effecting a cleansing temperature wherein deposits on the wall of the chamber are burned to ash. The fuel preparing chamber includes a plurality of ceramic parts including first and second smaller and larger diameter tube parts with the first tube part being pushed into the inlet section of the second tube part. The chamber also includes a ceramic closure part at the outlet end of the second tube with which it has a close fit. The method involves assembling the ceramic parts and unifying them by said sintering.

Abstract: A carburetion type burning apparatus comprises a fuel tank, a pump for feeding fuel in the tank, a carburetion chamber for evaporating the fuel, a nozzle for ejecting fuel gas from the carburetion chamber, a burner and a needle for opening and closing the nozzle, in which the needle closes the nozzle at a predetermined time after operation of the pump in stopped.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus having a burner and a heat exchanger wherein between a hollow cylinder provided with an end wall and a concentric insert there is formed an annular gap which is free from integers and in which the combustion gases flow from the burner to the outlet. The object is to provide apparatus which permits a starting phase with a pure flame and without pulsations and wherein at the same time the lower power limit can be considerably reduced. This object is achieved by providing in the end of the insert facing the end wall with an annular end wall and a central burner for gasified liquid or gaseous fuel centrally disposed in the insert. A burner having a heatable central fuel preparing chamber and a passage system for the air of combustion with a concentric mouth, and a burner tube as an extension of the insert terminates at a spacing from the end wall of the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: In a circular vaporizing type liquid fuel combustion apparatus for reducing the quantity of tar accumulation therein, the inner wall of the metal vessel is coated with a film which consists essentially of 15.0 to 50.0 wt. % high-thermal conductive and high-emissive material, a catalyst for decomposing organic materials and a binder, the temperature of the metal vessel being kept in the film boiling temperature region.

Abstract: In an ignition device, a preheater in the wall of a carburetor is connectable to an ignition heater in series and the heaters are controlled by the switching operation of relay contacts. Both heaters are connectable in series during the ignition operation to limit current flowing to the ignition heater.

Abstract: An electric heat exchanger and adaptor bushing designed to provide for the complete vaporization of a heating fuel.A first easily machined element has electric resistance heaters contained entirely within a solid portion thereof comprising a first zone. Second and third zones of the first machined element provide for mixing and attachment respectively.By use of a second machined element, the invention device may be effectively used to retrofit an existing system to thereby greatly enhance system efficiency.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a safety arrangement adapted to detect the incomplete combustion of a burner to stop the combustion in a combustion apparatus for burning a mixture of fuel and air. Through employment of an oxygen concentration cell type sensor (25), by setting the burner to be at a low air/fuel ratio (rich air/fuel mixture), ignition performance has been improved, while simultaneously, through utilization of the fact that the sensor electromotive force is large during a low air/fuel ratio, it is made possible to detect the ignition of the burner quickly and positively.In addition, it is so arranged that voltage is applied to the sensor (25) from outside, so that, by utilizing temperature characteristics of the internal resistance of the sensor (25), misfire of the burner is positively detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for conveying fuel, preferably diesel fuel, to an engine, in particular a diesel engine. The invention includes a pipe, at least one filter and a fuel pump. At least one heating element is provided on a portion of the area of the surface of the filter and in the path of the diesel fuel for partially melting paraffin deposits of the fuel on the heated portion of the filter surface. The heating element extends over only a portion of the surface of the filter, for example over 0.02 to 20 percent of said surface relative to a diesel engine power of 36 kW to 4500 kW. The heating element may be controlled in response to fuel flow through the filter, the pressure difference between the downstream and upstream sides of the filter, absolute pressure on the downstream side of the filter, or in response to the temperature difference between the temperature of the fuel at points upstream and downstream of the filter.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for heating liquids, e.g. diesel fuel, by means of a conductive polymer heater which does not have an insulating jacket, so that there is direct physical contact between the liquid and electrically conductive parts of the heater. This results in improved heat transfer to the liquid. The unjacketed heater comprises a pair of elongate spaced electrodes embedded in an elongated strip of a conductive polymer, such as cross-linked polyvinylidene fluoride, which exhibits PTC behavior. The heater is positioned in a container through which diesel fuel to be heated flows from an entry port to an exit port. The exterior surface of the polymer strip is exposed and is directly contacted by the flowing diesel fuel.

Abstract: In order to achieve a constant, virtually optimal temperature of the fuel oil supplied to a burner and prevent any local overheating even when the burner malfunctions or is temporarily switched off, a preheating device for fuel oil to be installed in the fuel supply path is provided which comprises a chamber having an inlet for the oil to be preheated, this inlet being directly connected with the central passage of a first heating cartridge arranged within the chamber, and a second heating cartridge following the first, arranged in a cup-shaped vessel in such a way that a pressure chamber is formed between the bottom of the cup and a front surface of the second heating cartridge, this pressure chamber communicating with the inside of the chamber via a narrow annular gap extending along the length of the second heating cartridge between the outer walling of this cartridge and the inner walling of the cup-shaped vessel.

Abstract: A pot-type oil burner is disclosed which is capable of effectively preventing the generation of bad odor and soot during the igniting operation by turning on an electric heater positioned above a heat-resistant fabric spread on the bottom surface of a pot to previously heat the pot and fabric to a temperature sufficient to vaporize fuel oil prior to introducing fuel oil to the pot by means of a nozzle pipe.

Abstract: A pot-type oil burner is disclosed which is capable of stabilizing the vaporization rate of fuel oil in a pot to accomplish the stable complete combustion with a good efficiency. The oil burner is constructed to arrange a heat-resistant fabric on the bottom surface of the pot to vaporize fuel oil with a constant rate. The oil burner is also capable of significantly reducing retention of tar in the pot and facilitates removing tar from the pot as desired.

Abstract: There is disclosed a combustion apparatus of a fuel vaporizing type wherein fuel is led to a fuel injector for vaporization and the vaporized fuel is fed to a burner via a gas nozzle for combustion. The combustion apparatus features the provision of a device for removing at a high temperature tar attached in the fuel injector. Preferably, the removal of the tar is accomplished by fuel-empty burning. Therefore, there is no possibility that tar is deposited in the fuel injector, resulting in no faulty or incomplete combustion nor an accident to the combustion apparatus. It is further unnecessary to exchange the fuel injector or a vaporizing core installed therein or clear the interior of the fuel injector. The combustion apparatus demands only the fuel-empty burning device for the removal of tar with high temperature heating and is of simple and low cost structure. Controls are further provided for keeping constant the temperature of the fuel injector during fuel-empty burning.

Abstract: A method for heating diesel prior to filtration by passing the diesel fuel through a heating apparatus including a container having entry and exit ports for the fuel and an elongated electrical heater arranged in spaced apart coils within the container for directing the flow of fuel so that, as the fuel flows from the entry port to the exit port, it flows along an elongate curved path which follows the coils of the heater and which curved path preferably has a length at least eight times the straightline distance between the entry and exit ports. The electric heater is unjacketed and comprises a pair of elongate electrodes embedded in an elongate strip of a conductive polymer composition which exhibits PTC behavior. The exterior surface of the elongate polymer strip is exposed so that it is directly contacted by the diesel fuel flowing through the container.

Abstract: A liquid fuel combustion device which includes a fuel tank, a combustion section which includes an inner and an outer flame cylinder and an outer cylinder surrounding the flame cylinders, and a wick having one end in the fuel tank for being immersed in the liquid fuel therein and the other end disposed between the flame cylinders so as to draw fuel to the other end. Structure is also provided for guiding air through the combustion section to provide oxygen to support combustion between the flame cylinders of fuel evaporated from the wick such that the heat produced by the combustion serves to evaporate the fuel from the other end of the wick. Detector elements are provided for respectively detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas from the combustion section and the temperature of the air guided to the combustion section by the guide structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapor burner for liquid fuel having an elongated gasifying chamber preceeding a combustion chamber which is heatable to gasifying temperatures by electrical heating apparatus. The gasifying chamber has an inlet for liquid fuel and an outlet for the gasified fuel feeding into the combustion chamber. The gasifying chamber is formed so that no forced air is admissible to the inlet thereof. The heating apparatus heats the gasifying chamber along the length thereof and includes apparatus surrounding the outlet end thereof to form a glow zone heatable to the fuel mixture ignition temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vapor burner having a tubular fuel preparing chamber which opens into a combustion chamber and is heatable to a relatively high temperature. The fuel preparing chamber is cooperable with an air supply system which supplies combustion air. The fuel preparing chamber is formed with ceramic tubes which are heatable to a glow temperature for effecting ignition and effecting a cleansing temperature wherein deposits on the wall of the chamber are burned to ash.

Abstract: The specification discloses an oil combustion system for burning waste oil in which oil is pumped by an oil transfer pump from an oil reservoir through a bouyant swirling filter. The oil is supplied to a high pressure input of a pressure reducing fitting, and is transmitted through the fitting to a low pressure output and a high pressure output. A siphon nozzle head is operable to siphon the oil from the low pressure output of the fitting, to preheat the oil, to atomize the oil and to output the atomized oil. Retention chambers and heat transfer plugs within the nozzle head facilitate preheating of the oil and perform a baffle function.

Abstract: A liquid fuel vaporizing burner comprising a combustion chamber, a fuel inlet, a primary air inlet, a secondary air inlet, and a microprocessor controller. The fuel inlet communicates with the combustion chamber. The primary air inlet communicates with the combustion chamber and is interactive with the fuel inlet. The heated secondary air inlet extends about the combustion chamber in heat exchange relationship. The combustion chamber has walls of generally heat conductive material. The combustion chamber comprises a combustion region and an exhaust region. The secondary air inlet opens at one end to the atmosphere and at its other end to a mixing passage. The microprocessor controller is electrically connected to thermocouples about the burner, to the primary and secondary air inlets, and to the fuel inlet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for simultaneously vaporizing a hydrocarbon fluid and water to produce a hydrocarbon fuel gas and steam includes a body member with a smooth surface axial bore having an enlarged end. The non-enlarged portion of the bore receives an elongated thick-walled sleeve having two separate coextensive, interjacent, helical passages formed in its outer surface and positioned in liquid tight engagement with the inner surface of the bore. The first passage communicates with a water inlet and steam outlet at opposite ends of the body member. The second passage is of larger in cross section than the first and communicates at one end with a hydrocarbon fluid inlet on the body member adjacent the water inlet and at its other end with the enlarged bore portion, the latter having a hydrocarbon fuel gas outlet.

Abstract: An electric heater for heating diesel fuel includes a housing having an inlet and an outlet. A flat disk-shaped PTC thermistor is centrally mounted in the housing and is arranged so that the inlet directs fuel against one side of the thermistor to divert the flow of fuel outwardly around the marginal edges of the thermistor. An electrical resistance heater unit surrounds the thermistor between the walls of the housing and the thermistor and is provided with spaces through which the outwardly diverted fuel passes. A divider wall in the housing spaced from the heater unit and thermistor directs the fuel passing through the heater unit across the opposite side of the thermistor to the housing outlet. The PTC thermistor and electric heater unit are connected electrically in series whereby the thermistor functions to control heating output of the fuel heater in accordance with ambient temperature conditions.

Abstract: An atomizer injects fuel oil into one end of a heated tube. As the atomized fuel travels down the tube, it is vaporized. A nozzle at the other end of the tube assures that pressure is built up in the tube so that fuel oil vapor is applied as a steady continuous stream from the nozzle directly into a combustion chamber where it is mixed with ambient air and burned. Ambient air is drawn into the combustion chamber through a vent and a blower is not used. A secondary tube is in communication with the main tube through a bore in the side wall of the main heating tube near the outlet nozzle. A screen at the outlet nozzle prevents particles from clogging the nozzle. These particles fall into the secondary tube to be collected in a sump at the end of the secondary tube. Electric current is passed through the walls of the main heating tube and the secondary tube to generate heat to vaporize the fuel and to provide a temperature gradient along the main heating tube such that a maximum temperature of above 400.degree.

Abstract: A self cleaning vapor burner for liquid fuel in communication with a combustion chamber. The burner includes an electrically heated evaporating tube. The supply of liquid fuel is periodically interrupted to the evaporating tube wherein the tube is heated to a predetermined cleaning temperature to effect deposits on the evaporating tube wall to ash.

Abstract: A heating device for use in a fuel burning apparatus for converting liquid fuel into a vapor. The heating device includes a heating element disposed within a cylindrical housing and having an absorbing material disposed is a spiral recessed path around the heating device's cylindrical housing. A receiving tube is coupled to the absorbing material for receiving the liquid fuel and directing it onto the spiral path. The cylindrical housing surrounds the heating element.

Abstract: A liquid fuel combustion apparatus for evaporating and vaporizing kerosene, gas oil or like liquid fuel by heating, admixing air with the vaporized fuel in a specified ratio and burning the resulting gaseous mixture in a combustion unit. The vaporizer for the liquid fuel comprises a liquid fuel drawing-up member (15) made of a heat-resistant porous body (8) or heat-resistant inorganic fiber fabric (9) for drawing up the liquid fuel, and a heat generating member (6) including coating layers (22, 23) of heat-resistant metal, heat-resistant alloy or heat-resistant metallic oxide for giving heat to the drawing-up member. To prevent formation of tar-like substances, a catalyst is preferably deposited on the surface of the drawing-up member and/or on the surface of the heat generating member. Further preferably, the outer periphery of the heat generating member (6) is in contact with the drawing-up member (5).

Abstract: A heating system comprising the combination of storage vessels (10, 12) for conventional heating oil and waste oil, respectively, and in which the two storage vessels (10, 12) are effectively sealed apart, one from the other. At the initial stage of heating, conventional heating oil generates temperature of a predetermined amount and the waste oil from vessel (12) is thereafter utilized after having been heated either from a feedback of heat (26, 28) developed by the conventional heating oil from vessel (10) or by a separate electrical resistor element (133), such heating making the waste oil effective as a heating medium. The flows from the two storage vessels (10, 12) containing the waste oil and conventional oil, are pressure controlled (64, 84) so that relief pressure feedback (70, 82) is provided in each distribution network (14, 30).

Abstract: A burner device adapted for use in a particulate filter arranged in an exhaust system in a diesel engine for incinerating particles collected by the filter. The device includes a mixing chamber for mixing the fuel and the air, the chamber has nozzles for generating flows of the mixture directed to the combustion chamber. Means are provided for pre-heating the air introduced into the mixing chamber. A trapping vaporizer is provided for improving the vaporization of the fuel in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: An oil burner system includes a burner nozzle connected to a supply of fuel oil by a nozzle assembly having integrated therein an electric heater for prewarming the oil fed to the nozzle. The nozzle assembly has first connector at one end directly connected to the burner nozzle and a second connector at its other end directly connected to an oil supply conduit. The preheater comprises an elongated rectangular PTC heating resistor having a pair of parallel sides of greater width than the thickness of the resistor and coextensive electrical contacts extending longitudinally and transversely in electrical engagement with the parallel sides. A pair of parallel flattened thin wall metal conduit sections extend coextensively between the first and second connectors and define thin unimpeded generally rectangular cross section flow path for the oil to be heated.

Abstract: A device for detecting the presence or absence of flame in a combustor and an oxygen density of room air used to operate the combustor. An ion current detecting sensor increases a flame ion current value in the combustor to an ion current value at which erroneous detection of the presence or absence of flame is prevented. A timer outputs a high level signal when combustion starts and starts a timer operation for holding the high level signal until the ion current is stabilized. Thereafter, the time outputs a low level signal which grounds a circuit to lower the flame presence or absence detecting ion current value detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A burner for burning a low Btu gas including at least one set of fine ducts and at least one combustion chamber disposed on the downstream side of the set of fine ducts for obtaining combustion of the low Btu gas. Combustion gas produced in the combustion chamber heats the combustion chamber and the set of fine ducts through a wall of a combustor.

Abstract: A thermostatically controlled electric fuel heater for raising the temperature of diesel fuel flowing from a fuel tank to a fuel filter to prevent precipitation of wax crystals in the fuel filter and consequent filter clogging at low ambient temperatures includes a heat conductive tube incorporated as part of the fuel line a short distance upstream of the filter. An electric heating assembly is positioned on the tube and includes an electric resistance heating element helically wound about the tube and controlled by a thermostat responsive to the temperature of the tube and located upstream from the heating element. The thermostat includes a molded plastic frame having a central opening through which the tube passes. The thermostat includes a bimetallic thermal element secured to the frame and arranged to actuate a snap-action switch carried by the frame. The frame includes a baffle for thermally isolating the thermal element from the heating element.

Abstract: In a gasification burner comprising an antechamber for mixing fuel and primary air; a catalytic device for generating a fuel gas from the fuel/primary air mixture; a mixing chamber for mixing the fuel gas with secondary air; an annular space which surrounds the antechamber, the catalytic device and the mixing chamber being separated from the antechamber by a ring wall provided with radial canals; a combustion chamber and a burner plate terminating the combustion chamber; and an ignition chamber arranged between the combustion chamber and the mixing chamber the operating safety is increased by having the annular space also enclose the ignition chamber and the combustion chamber in ring-fashion and extend up to the vicinity of the burner plate; a primary air feed stub opening into the annular space; and baffles in the annular space which baffles conduct the primary air stream from the primary air feed stub to the radial canals of the ring wall in spiral or meander fashion about the combustion chamber and the ig

Abstract: A burner has a gasification chamber (11) without air inlet openings so that the evaporation of fuel takes place essentially without air. A motor (15) drives wipers (17) which distribute the fuel over a heatable wall (19) of a gasification chamber 11 and remove deposits therefrom. A bellows (35) and a ventilator (45) comprise heat barriers between hot portions of the burner and the motor 15.

Abstract: A red-hot type oil burner capable of effectively accomplishing uniform vaporization of a fuel oil during the normal combustion operation. A heat transfer means is provided between a combustion chamber and a vaporization chamber to transmit a part of combustion heat to the vaporization chamber. The oil burner may be provided in a mixing chamber with a diffusion plate having a cutout to allow the ignition to be rapidly and safely effected. The oil burner may be also provided with a device for preventing the generation of a bad odor. There is also disclosed a red-hot type oil burner capable of surely confirming the completion of the igniting and fire extinguishing operations.

Abstract: An oxygen density detecting device for a combustor in which individual adjustment of reference levels for each combustor is not necessary. A memory device stores a reference ion current value from a sensor disposed in the combustor for a predetermined period of time extending from the time instant at which combustion breaks out in the combustor until the ion current has substantially stabilized. The oxygen density of the room air used by the combustor is determined by comparing the ion current value stored in the memory with ion current values which are successively provided by the sensing device. An output signal produced thereby is utilized to control circuit elements including a fuel supplying electromagnetic pump and a combustion air blower used for supplying room air into the combustor.

Abstract: A burner for the formation and combustion of an ignitable mixture of liquid uel and combustion air, which includes a closed combustion chamber for the infeed of the fuel with porous walls permeable to the fuel. The combustion chamber is arranged within a flow chamber which is streamed through by preheated combustion air flowing towards the combustion zone.

Abstract: A heating unit preheats and stabilizes No. 2 fuel oil delivered through a conduit to the nozzle of an oil burner for optimizing efficiency of combustion. The heating unit is generally formed around a section of oil conduit or other elongate tubular metal core (18) at least equal to the inside diameter of the oil delivery conduit in which it is to be incorporated. At least one coat or layer (20) of heat conducting electrically insulating porcelain-like cement is formed on the core. A helical heating element or coil (21) of high temperature alloy wire surrounds the layer (20) and core (18). The outside of the coil is covered by an electrical and thermal insulating second layer (22) of refractory-type cement of lower thermal conductivity than the porcelain-like cement. The entire unit may be housed in an elongate box (16) packed with high temperature insulation (27) and with high temperature double insulated lead wires (24, 25, 26) extending into the box from the secondary of a 12-14 volt, 4-7 amp transformer.

Abstract: A burner system adapted to vaporize liquid fuel, generally kerosene, and burn gaseous fuel in blue flames includes an evaporator heated by a heater to about 250.degree.-300.degree. C. to vaporize the kerosene. The evaporator is thermally insulated from a premix passage and a burner, to reduce the time required for preheating the evaporator. At the time of ignition, the volume of a portion of primary air supplied to the evaporator is reduced below the corresponding volume supplied in maximum combustion condition and the volume of the kerosene supplied to the evaporator is substantially equal to the corresponding volume supplied in maximum combustion condition. This enables a premix of liquid and air within a combustible limit to be supplied to flame ports even if part of the premixture forms dew in the premix passage, and allows an enriched premixture to flow out of the flame ports at low velocity to facilitate ignition.

Abstract: A gasified liquid fuel combustion apparatus for supplying a gaseous mixture of air and a gasified liquid fuel to a burner for combustion. The apparatus includes a gasifying device which comprises two spaced concentric tubes having a concentric inner tube therein. An electric heater is positioned in the space between the inner tube and the two concentric tubes and heats a chamber between the concentric tubes. Fuel is admitted to the lower rear end of the chamber and is gasified and then exits the gasifier through a nozzle connected to the forward end of the chamber. A solenoid controlled valve is operable to open and close the nozzle.

Abstract: A gasified liquid fuel combustion apparatus which includes a gasifier in which liquid fuel is heated and gasified and delivered to a burner for combustion. A nozzle provided at the outlet of the gasifier is opened and closed by a valve needle operated by a solenoid. A solenoid control circuit includes first and second rectifying circuits between a power supply and the solenoid. A normally closed switch which is opened by a timer circuit is between the power supply and the first rectifying circuit, and a voltage reducing transformer is between the power supply and the second rectifying circuit. The first and second rectifying circuits are connected to a common output line so that a high DC voltage is supplied to the solenoid when the normally closed switch is closed and a low DC voltage is supplied to the solenoid when the normally closed switch is open.

Abstract: The invention relates to an atomizer burner assembly for oil burners. The assembly has electric heating apparatus for maintaining a relatively constant temperature for the oil supply over a range of throughputs which may vary for different atomizer nozzles, for example, from 0.5 to 2.5 l/h. The heating apparatus includes a PTC resistor mounted in the supply pipe in series with a near zero temperature coefficient heating element which surrounds the supply pipe at a longitudinal position between the PTC resistor and the atomizer nozzle. The PTC resistor controls the heat generated by the heating element in accordance with the temperature of the throughput oil to maintain a constant temperature for the throughput oil.