Abstract: A soot generating device suitable for calibration purposes and a method of using the device for calibrating a soot measuring apparatus are presented. The soot generating device includes a wick located relative to a burning zone, a gas diffusion shield surrounding the burning zone that allows a continuous stream of air into the combustion zone, and a fuel supply for delivering fuel to the wick.

Abstract: A burner and an improved heat recuperator for a burner. The heat recuperator has a tubular body including a plurality of fins extending radially outward from the tubular body. The plurality of fins are disposed in a plurality of segments arranged longitudinally along the tubular body with the plurality of fins in each segment being disposed about a circumference of the tubular body. Adjacent segments of fins being circumferentially offset with one another.

Abstract: A regenerative oxidant heater internal arrangement, including a system and method for use thereof, utilizing a unique recycle oxy-combustion methodology which includes at least two primary combustion oxidant sectors placed adjacent to both the flue gas side as well as a secondary oxidant sector positioned between the two primary sectors.

Abstract: In one embodiment of a method for vaporizing liquids such as fuels, the liquid is sprayed into a chamber such that the spray does not impinge on any surface. The energy for vaporization is supplied through the injection of a hot diluent such as nitrogen or oxygen depleted air. Additional heat is added through the surface. In another embodiment, the liquid is sprayed onto a hot surface using a geometry such that the entire spray is intercepted by the surface. Heat is added through the surface to maintain an internal surface temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of the liquid. The liquid droplets impinging on the surface are thus flash vaporized. A carrier gas may also be flowed through the vaporizer to control the dew point of the resultant vapor phase mixture.

Abstract: In one embodiment of a method for vaporizing liquids such as fuels, the liquid is sprayed into a chamber such that the spray does not impinge on any surface. The energy for vaporization is supplied through the injection of a hot diluent such as nitrogen or oxygen depleted air. Additional heat is added through the surface. In another embodiment, the liquid is sprayed onto a hot surface using a geometry such that the entire spray is intercepted by the surface. Heat is added through the surface to maintain an internal surface temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of the liquid. The liquid droplets impinging on the surface are thus flash vaporized. A carrier gas may also be flowed through the vaporizer to control the dew point of the resultant vapor phase mixture.

Abstract: To provide a combustion apparatus that has a vaporizer capable of vaporizing liquid fuel completely without complicating the structure of the combustion apparatus. The combustion apparatus has an evaporating part for heating and vaporizing the liquid fuel into combustion gas, and a premixed gas spout part for spouting out premixed gas in which the combustion gas is mixed with primary air, with an inflow port of the premixed gas spout part being provided at a position higher than the evaporating part. By configuring the combustion apparatus like this, a space for accumulating unvaporized liquid fuel is formed between the evaporating part and the inflow port, and sufficient time to completely vaporize the liquid fuel can be afforded. Therefore, unevaporated fuel in a liquid state can be prevented from flowing into the premixed gas spout part.

Abstract: A heat accumulating-type burner that operates by alternately repeating heat accumulation and combustion where the heat accumulating element is heated by exhaust gas to accumulate heat therein, and combustion air is passed through the heat accumulating portion to preheat the combustion air by thermal exchange with the heat accumulating element that holds the heat accumulated therein, and the preheated combustion air is used to carry out combustion. The cross-sectional area of the heat accumulating portion at the furnace-inner side is made to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the heat accumulating portion at the air supply/discharge port side, and in addition, the thickness of the fireproof heat insulating member that covers the heat accumulating portion is made to be thick at the furnace-inner side of the heat accumulating portion, and is made to be thin at the air supply/discharge port side of the heat accumulating portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the supplying power to burners for oxy-fuel combustion glass melting furnaces, including a fuel injecting means and a hot oxygen power supplying means, the dispensing of oxygen being carried out so as to develop a staged combustion, a fraction of the oxygen being concurrently injected into the fuel, said oxygen being supplied essentially without heating prior to the supplying thereof into the fuel injecting means.

Abstract: To provide a combustion apparatus that has a vaporizer capable of vaporizing liquid fuel completely without complicating the structure of the combustion apparatus. The combustion apparatus has an evaporating part for heating and vaporizing the liquid fuel into combustion gas, and a premixed gas spout part for spouting out premixed gas in which the combustion gas is mixed with primary air, with an inflow port of the premixed gas spout part being provided at a position higher than the evaporating part. By configuring the combustion apparatus like this, a space for accumulating unvaporized liquid fuel is formed between the evaporating part and the inflow port, and sufficient time to completely vaporize the liquid fuel can be afforded. Therefore, unevaporated fuel in a liquid state can be prevented from flowing into the premixed gas spout part.

Abstract: A glycerin burning system having a specialized atomizing burner capable of combusting a continuous feed of crude or pure glycerin. The burner includes a two-fluid mixing nozzle. The nozzle has an internal distributor which mixes two fluid feed streams as the fluids are expelled through an orifice. The distributor has channels which cause the air to swirl before mixing with the glycerin. An impingement pin is provided outside the orifice to diffuse the mixture and reduce combustion air speed. To improve performance, the burner's air feed line is subjected to combustion chamber to preheat the air passing through the feed line before the air is mixed with the glycerin.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus of operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons are described. Fuel and atomizing air are supplied to the burner of the boiler wherein the atomizing air is subjected to a moistening process prior to mixing with the fuel. Heated water is vaporized and is contacted with the atomizing air. The generated water vapor together with the atomizing air is supplied to the burner. In this manner, the portion of the NOx emissions in the flue gas of the boiler can be reduced.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to prevaporize and premix liquid and/or gaseous fuels with air in two stages at two different temperatures prior to combustion. The invention is directed to the entry of a finely atomized liquid fuel, such as No. 2 diesel, into an inlet end of an annular chamber. Air is mixed with finely atomized liquid fuel, preferably generated by a small flow number liquid fuel nozzle, in a first chamber of the annular chamber at a first (relatively high) temperature for a relatively long residence time. The air and liquid fuel is moved into a second chamber of the annular chamber where a secondary hotter air is injected into the annular chamber by a plurality of staggered high velocity jets to prevaporize and premix the combined fuel and air mixture at a second higher temperature, but for a shorter time. The intense prevaporization and premixing make the mixture suitable for entry into a combustor, but without the need to add water or steam to keep pollutant emissions low.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsion fuel combustion apparatus is arranged, in a combustion apparatus using a heavy oil emulsion fuel, to prevent a decrease in the combustion efficiency due to water content in the fuel and to prevent an increase in the sulfuric acid dew point due to water content in the exhaust gas. A heavy oil emulsion fuel 101 from a fuel tank 100 is led to a fuel heater 110 and is heated. Then the heated heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 is led to a water content evaporator 120. In the water content evaporator 120, the heavy oil emulsion fuel 102 is heated by the use of extraction steam from a steam turbine facility 160 or steam produced through a steam converter 166, and the resulting fuel is led to a steam separator 140. In the steam separator 140, the fuel 111 is separated into steam and light oil combustible gas vapor 121 and a heavy oil portion 122, the latter 122 being used as boiler fuel 131.

Abstract: An appliance for burning a combustible gas, for example a liquefied petroleum gas. The appliance includes a relatively massive metal body forming a heat sink, in which there is formed a passage for flow of the combustible gas from a feed inlet to a discharge outlet. A control member controls the flow rate of the combustible gas. A mixing member for mixes primary air in with a stream of the combustible gas in a gaseous phase in order to obtained a mixture that can be burned. A burner burns the mixture to be burned, and is in thermal connection with the metal body. The control member includes a pressure reducer, at least partially incorporated into the metal body. The pressure reducer includes a chamber into which the combustible gas is admitted in a liquid phase at high pressure, and a chamber from which the gas is discharged at low pressure, at least partially in the gaseous phase. The chambers are formed in the metal body.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion apparatus is provided in which steam bubbles generated in the pressure reduction operation for dewatering a heavy oil emulsified fuel before combustion are prevented from mixing into a dewatered heavy oil side resulting in lowering of a dewatering efficiency.In a heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion boiler, a heavy oil emulsified fuel 101 is heated by a heater 110 and dewatered by a flusher 120 and then introduced into a boiler 10 for combustion, and water 152 obtained by the dewatering is sent to a water utilizing system of the boiler. The heavy oil emulsified fuel 102 is heated in a high pressure and then introduced into a pressure reducing device 200 to be applied by a pressure reduction by multi-stage orifices 201 for dewatering. The pressure reduction is done with a pressure reduction per stage of 1 to 3 ata.

Abstract: A heavy oil emulsified fuel combustion furnace is provided which prevents lowering of combustion efficiency due to water content in the fuel as well as prevents elevation of sulfuric acid dew point due to water content in the flue gas of the combustion furnace. In the apparatus a heavy oil emulsified fuel (102) is heated by a heater (110) using a heat pipe etc. and then is separated by a water vaporizer (120) into heavy oil (122) and vapor (121) consisting of steam and a light oil combustible gas. The heavy oil (122) is supplied to a burner port of the combustion furnace, such as a boiler etc. The vapor (121) is condensed by a condenser (140) to produce liquid (141) comprising a mixture of water and light oil. The liquid (141) is separated by an oily water separator (150) into oil (151) and water (152). The oil (151) is used as a fuel for an igniting torch of the combustion furnace 10 and the water (152) is used partially as cooling water (41) for an SO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device sequence for burning waste oil and includes a circulating system having a pump for circulating the oil therein and a heater for heating the oil to a suitable combustion temperature during this circulation. A combustion oil system is included for diverting a portion of the circulating oil to an atomizing gun for combination therein with a source of atomizing air. The gun includes a heat exchange body portion in fluid communication with the circulating system. A linear actuator is included having a rod with a needle end that is operated by the actuator in a linear manner along the central axis of the atomizing gun for extending through the injection orifice for providing mechanical cleaning thereof and for regulating oil flow therethrough. The present invention includes a control system for regulating the operation thereof. In particular, oil is heated and circulated prior to diversion to the combustion system which also allows for pre-heating of the atomizing gun.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided whereby a hydrocarbon gas and liquid mixture is separated into a first fluid and a second fluid. The first fluid is vaporized to form a vapor which is commingled with the second fluid. The commingled fluid is passed through a superheating exchange means wherein the commingled fluid is superheated prior to passing to a flare for combustion.

Abstract: Hot effluent gas from a burner or combustor passes over a pair of nested helical coils forming a steam generator 1 and a vapor mixing conduit 2. Liquid fuel is injected at 12 into a stream of superheated steam and vaporizes. The resulting mixture is combustible. In order to meter small amounts of fuel and water at constant pressure for fine adjustment of the fuel/water ratio in the vaporized mixture, a geared pump 15, 16 is provided in each of the water supply line 6 and the fuel supply line 7, feeding a respective injection tube or nozzle 11, 12. The injection tubes terminate respectively in the steam generator 1 and in the water vapor conduit 3, in a hot zone produced by the hot effluent gas. Preferably, magnetic valves 17, 18 are provided, downstream of each of pumps 15, 16, and are controlled as to frequency and opening time by a central control unit 19.

Abstract: A method for burning foamed liquid fuel in a combustion chamber comprises the steps of foaming the liquid fuel and separately supplying air required for continuous stable combustion of the foamed fuel. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An agricultural burner device produces a flame from the combustion of liquid propane and is used to control weeds, insects, vines, micro-organisms, and the like. The burner devices are typically mounted on the draw bar of an agricultural implement, and are arranged in pairs to effectively treat the area of a row crop adjacent to the base of the crop plant during movement of the implement. An auxiliary burner mechanism is attached to the burner device for desiccation of vines.

Abstract: A campstove burner includes a burner box which is located above the burner pan of the burner. The burner rings are positioned between the burner pan and the burner box, and a fuel and air mixture within the burner box flows through the burner rings where it is ignited. Since the burner box is located above the burner pan, liquid fuel within the burner box will flow through the burner rings and will be ignited in the burner pan outside of the burner box. The burner box includes an L-shaped aspirator tube for mixing fuel and air. An inlet end of the aspirator tube communicates with a source of primary combustion air, and a fuel tube extends into the outlet end of the aspirator tube for aspirating combustion air into the inlet end. The burner box includes a generally cylindrical sidewall and the outlet end of the aspirator tube directs the fuel and air mixture generally tangentially to the inside of the cylindrical sidewall to promote swirling and mixing of the fuel and air.

Abstract: A campstove burner includes a burner box which is located above the burner pan of the burner. The burner rings are positioned between the burner pan and the burner box, and a fuel and air mixture within the burner box flows through the burner rings where it is ignited. Since the burner box is located above the burner pan, liquid fuel within the burner box will flow through the burner rings and will be ignited in the burner pan outside of the burner box. The burner box includes a cylindrical sidewall which surrounds an upwardly extending cylindrical central portion of the burner pan to provide an annular mixing chamber An opening is provided in the cylindrical central portion of the burner pan, and a fuel tube extends into the cylindrical portion of the burner pan and directs fuel flow toward the opening. Fuel and air flow through the opening, and a portion of the fuel and air is deflected by the cylindrical wall of the burner box back through the opening to promote mixing.

Abstract: A combustor for generating a mixture of steam and combustion gas is located downhole in an oil well, so that the mixture can be injected directly into the reservoir, to displace heavy oil from the reservoir. The combustion is built up in stages, with each stage supplying hot air to the following stage. The first stage comprises a catalytic heat exchanger, which preheats the incoming air. One side of the exchanger is coated with catalyst. On this side of the exchanger the preheated air burns a clean fuel, so that heat flows through the metal wall of the exchanger to preheat the incoming air. The heated air from the first stage is used to ignite and burn a heavy fuel such as crude oil, which is burned in the second stage and following stages.

Abstract: A pressure atomizing liquid fuel burner having an improved turndown ratio is disclosed along with a method of increasing the turndown ratio in such burners. The burner includes means for adding an amount of gas to the liquid fuel prior to the injection of the fuel which causes the liquid fuel to foam such that a liquid-gas foamed mixture is injected. The relative amounts of the aeration gas and the liquid fuel are controlled such that the injection velocity is maintained relatively constant over a wide turndown ratio in the liquid fuel. The aeration gas to be added to the liquid fuel may be preheated prior to the addition of the gas to the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A combustor in which fuel is premixed with rather large amounts of primary air in order to obtain a high temperature, rich mixture of volatized fuel and air prior to ignition is designed as a tubular vaporizer provided with a swirl inlet opening in a preheat air chamber and a substantially rotation symmetrical outlet in a combustion chamber the outlet being directed towards inlets for secondary air to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A ceramic recuperator for the heating of combustion air, e.g. for an oil-fired burner or boiler, which prepares at least the air in the formation of a fuel-air mixture which is ignitable at the burner. According to the invention the recuperator is provided with means, especially electrically operated for heating the ceramic body so that the initial combustion air can be heated before firing of the burner and the further heating of the recuperator by combustion products.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for the vaporization of liquid fuel oils to produce a gaseous mixture suitable for burning in a burner normally designed for operation utilizing natural gas.

Abstract: A method for vaporization of liquid hydrocarbon fuel wherein liquid hydrocarbon fuel is mixed with vapor to provide a vapor product which is heated. The heated vapor product is mixed with additional liquid hydrocarbon fuel to provide a second vapor product comprising vaporized hydrocarbon fuel. The heating of vapor product and mixing of additional liquid hydrocarbon fuel can be done until a desired amount of liquid hydrocarbon fuel is vaporized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning fuels with air, with reduced production of NOx, involves the premixing of water vapor with the fuel prior to the burning operation. Because of the low retention of water vapor at low temperatures, means are provided for preheating the fuel and spraying water into the fuel so that water vapor will be taken up by the heated fuel in sufficient quantity to provide the desired results. Various embodiments of apparatus are illustrated.

Abstract: An oil burner, heating system has a supplementary system for delivering enriched, flammable, vapor, under pressure, to a vapor burner tip located within the flame pattern produced by the conventional atomized fuel burner tip. The vapor is formed by diverting a portion of the liquid fuel, pressurized by the burner pump, through a coil in the combustion chamber and thence to an outlet below the level of water in a pressure tank. The heated oil bubbles up through the water, and through a layer of oil floating thereon, to the upper portion of the tank for supply to the vapor tip.

Abstract: Combustion air feed to a fuel burner is warmed with water otherwise destined for evaporative cooling in a cooling tower or spray pond; then the resulting warmed air is sent to combustion while the resulting cooled water is further cooled by evaporation for recycle use.