Abstract: A silicide-based composite material is disclosed, comprising a silicide of Mo, B, W, Nb, Ta, Ti, Cr, Co, Y, or a combination thereof, Si3N4, and at least an oxide, as well as and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein are directed a device for conditioning gas comprising an inlet for receiving fuel. The device includes an injector for injecting an oxygen source into the fuel, a heating component for heating the fuel, a conditioner unit, and a cooling component. The device further comprises an outlet for feeding conditioned gas into an engine. The embodiments are also directed to a method for conditioning gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid combustion system (1) wherein rich homogeneous combustion and lean catalytic combustion are carried out consecutively, which results in zero NOx emission and is used for obtaining domestic hot water. The present invention relates to a combustion system wherein two serially connected heat exchangers units, which are located in the outlets of the rich homogeneous combustion unit and the lean catalytic combustion unit, transfers the heat generated during combustion reactions into domestic radiator heating water and/or tap water for hot water generation.

Abstract: A combustion system outputs fuel gas from a plurality of fuel ejectors toward a forward end of a burner wall and preheats a perforated flame holder by sustaining combustion reaction of the fuel gas at combustion zone between the burner wall and a perforated flame holder. The combustion system then outputs fuel gas from the fuel ejectors onto the perforated flame holder and sustains a combustion reaction of the fuel gas within the perforated flame holder.

Abstract: The present invention is a means of starting a controlled combustion reaction by introducing sodium borohydride or similar chemical to a liquid or gelatinous fuel. The present invention is also a device for transferring heat having a thermal conductor connected to a catalyst such that the thermal conductor is positioned within a liquid or gelatinous fuel held within a fuel container.

Abstract: A catalytic tank heater includes a catalytic heating element supported on an LPG tank by a support structure that holds the element in a position facing the tank. Vapor from the tank is provided as fuel to the heating element, and is regulated to increase heat output as tank pressure drops. The heating element is internally separated into a pilot heater and a main heater, with respective separate fuel inlets. The pilot heater remains in continual operation, but the main heater is operated only while tank pressure is below a threshold. Operation of the pilot heater keeps a portion of the catalyst hot, so that, when tank pressure drops below the threshold, and fuel is supplied to the main heater, catalytic combustion quickly expands from the area surrounding the pilot heater to the remainder of the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for processing a combustible gas, which comprises a catalytic combusting means for receiving an oxygen-containing combustible gas that contains oxygen in addition to the combustible gas as the principal component thereof, causing this oxygen-containing combustible gas to contact an oxidation catalyst for partial combustion thereof, to produce the resultant partially combusted gas as a compressible combustible gas.

Abstract: A gas powered heater (1) for use in a chafing trolley comprises a support element (10) defining a hollow interior region (12) for a disposable fuel gas canister (3), which is coupled to the support element (10) by a coupling element (15). Fuel gas from the fuel gas canister (3) is delivered through a pipe (42) to a fuel gas controller (17) and in turn to a fuel gas burner element (18). A lever (36) operates a control valve (45) in the fuel gas controller (17) for controlling the supply of fuel gas to the burner (18). The fuel gas controller is mounted on a mounting platform (28) and extends downwardly into the hollow interior region (12) of the support element (10) and is located offset to one side and spaced apart from the fuel gas canister (3).

Abstract: An ignition system and method of igniting the ignition system includes a main catalyst section in a staged relationship with a pilot-catalyst section to stage a decomposition though the pilot-catalyst section which preheats the main catalyst section.

Abstract: A catalytic burner, especially for a vehicle heater, for the catalytically supported combustion of a fuel/combustion air mixture, includes a mixing chamber (24) and a combustion air feed device (36), for feeding combustion air to the mixing chamber (24) and a fuel feed device (28, 34), for feeding fuel to the mixing chamber (24), upstream of the mixing chamber (24). A catalyzer device (46) is provided with at least one catalyzer unit (48, 50, 52, 70), through which the fuel/combustion air mixture can flow. The fuel feed device (28, 34) includes an evaporator device (28) receiving liquid fuel from a fuel feed line (34) and releasing fuel vapor into the mixing chamber (24) or/and the at least one catalyzer unit (48, 50, 52, 70) includes a grid-like support with catalyst material on a surface of the a grid-like support.

Abstract: A hot air generator comprising a handle (12), an elongated nozzle (14), flame generating means (6), a venturi (4), a gas conduit (162) intended to bring a combustible gas into the elongated nozzle (14) and at the flame generating means (6), an air conduit (164) intended for bringing compressed air into the elongated nozzle (14) and downstream from the venturi; characterized in that the generator further comprises a servocontrolled pressure regulator (2) controlling a gas pressure (Pd.g) in the gas conduit (162) depending on an air pressure (Pd.a) in the air conduit (164).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning a fluid fuel, in which fuel is reacted in a catalytic reaction, whereupon catalytically pre-reacted fuel continues to be burned in a secondary reaction. A swirling component is impressed onto the pre-reacted fuel, allowing the secondary reaction to be ignited in a spatially controlled manner, resulting in complete burnout. The invention further relates to a burner for burning a fluid fuel, in which the fuel outlet of a catalytic burner is disposed upstream of the fuel outlet of a primary burner in the direction of flow of the fuel within a flow channel such that the fuel is catalytically reacted. The catalytic burner is provided with a number of catalytically effective elements which are arranged such that a vortex is created in the flow channel. The invention can be applied particularly to combustion chambers of gas turbines.

Abstract: An injector for a gas turbine combustor including a catalyst coated surface forming a passage for feed gas flow and a channel for oxidant gas flow establishing an axial gas flow through a flow conditioner disposed at least partially within an inner wall of the injector. The flow conditioner includes a length with an interior passage opening into upstream and downstream ends for passage of the axial gas flow. An interior diameter of the interior passage smoothly reduces and then increases from upstream to downstream ends.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of delivering vaporized alcohol fuel through a thermally conductive porous nozzle to a catalytic burner with a plasma cavity and a surrounding porous catalytic cavity with fuel vapor and air supplied separately and inter diffusing into each other from different routes to the catalyst to achieve an efficient, steady, and complete combustion of the hydrogen bearing fuels. This heating system with passive auto thermostatic behavior, coupled to thermopiles, heat pipes and fluid heating systems may provide useful heat and electricity to applications of floors, roadways, runways, electronics, refrigerators, machinery, automobiles, structures, and fuel cells.

Abstract: A glue gun (10) comprising a body member (3) in which a glue accommodating and melting chamber (4) for receiving stick glue is formed and combustion chamber 910) is also formed for accommodating a gas catalytic combustion element (14). A temperature responsive valve (25) controls the supply of fuel gas to the combustion chamber 910) for maintaining the temperature of the body member (3) at approximately 140° C.

Abstract: A catalytic oxidation module for a catalytic combustor of a gas turbine engine is provided. The catalytic oxidation module comprises a plurality of spaced apart catalytic elements for receiving a fuel-air mixture over a surface of the catalytic elements. The plurality of catalytic elements includes at least one primary catalytic element comprising a monometallic catalyst and secondary catalytic elements adjacent the primary catalytic element comprising a multi-component catalyst. Ignition of the monometallic catalyst of the primary catalytic element is effective to rapidly increase a temperature within the catalytic oxidation module to a degree sufficient to ignite the multi-component catalyst.

Abstract: A burner ring for a gas burner, the burner ring including an outer circumference and an inner circumference, a distribution chamber having gas outlets to the outer circumference of the burner ring, a transfer ignition groove that is outwardly open on one side and extends between the inner circumference of the burner ring and the outer circumference of the burner ring, a gas conducting channel into which the transfer ignition groove opens at least partially, and at least one gas supply opening between the distribution chamber and the gas conducting channel, wherein the gas conducting channel and the transfer ignition groove are arranged mutually symmetrically, and wherein the at least one gas supply opening is offset in a region of the gas conducting channel at an angle relative to the transfer ignition groove.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor for a gas turbine engine comprising an air inlet, a premixing zone, a reacting zone comprising a reactive portion and a nonreactive portion, a post reaction mixing zone, a first fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the reactive portion, and a second fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the nonreactive portion.

Abstract: A compressed gaseous oxidizer energy storage (COES) system includes a catalyst system in communication with a compressed gaseous oxidizer storage system and a compressed gas fuel storage system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for mixing at least two separate fluid flows (2, 3), in particular for a burner of a power plant. To improve the mixing, a plurality of swirl flows (7, 8), which are annular and concentric with respect to a longitudinal center line (6), are generated from the fluid flows (2, 3), in such a manner that radially adjacent swirl flows (7, 8) have opposite directions of rotation.

Abstract: A flameless cooking apparatus for use with liquid fuels and for indoor or outdoor use under field operations. The burner exhibits low CO and hydrocarbon emissions and meets standards for burner thermal efficiency when used with JP-8 fuel. The apparatus employs a catalytic burner having among its parts (i) a combustion catalyst; (ii) a conductive surface, e.g., cooking surface; and (iii) in between the catalyst and the conductive surface and in direct physical contact with both surfaces, a heat spreader for conductively transferring heat of combustion from the catalyst to the conductive surface. Also claimed are a method of heat flux and a method of cooking.

Abstract: A catalyzer for burning part of a gaseous fuel/oxidant mixture, in particular for a burner of a power plant installation, has catalytically active channels and catalytically inactive channels and at least two sectors are arranged consecutively in the main flow direction. The sectors include a first sector defining an inlet sector and at least one following sector that includes one or more of a mixing sector arranged downstream from the inlet sector and an outlet sector. Further, the catalyzer has one or more of a smaller flow resistance in the inlet sector than any following sector, a higher catalytic activity in the inlet sector than any following sector, a plurality of holes in the mixing sector oriented transversely to the main flow direction and through which adjoining channels communicate, and a swirl generator in the outlet sector that provides a swirl to a gas mixture flowing through the outlet sector.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device which utilizes catalytic microcombustion for the production of heat or power and which exhibits a low pressure drop and has a high catalytic surface area. The catalytic microcombustor includes catalyst inserts in the reaction chamber separated by a sub millimeter distance. Thermal spreaders ensure temperature uniformity and maximum thermal efficiency. A mixing zone is prior to the combustion zone. Thermally conductive and/or insulating inserts are in the vicinity of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor and a fuel reformer having the same. The catalytic combustor includes a housing having a cylindrical reaction portion and a second reaction portion surrounding the first reaction portion in a double tube shape. The housing has a first opening for supplying a first fuel and an oxidant to the first reaction portion and a second opening through which an exhaust in the second reaction portion is discharged. The first and second openings are disposed at first sides of the first and second reaction portions, respectively. The first and second reaction portions are connected with each other so that the fluid is communicated with the first and second reaction portions at second sides of the first and second reaction portions. A catalyst is disposed in the first reaction portion, and a mesh layer is inserted into the second reaction portion.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor which can prevent spark ignition pollution without increasing the pressure in the catalytic combustor through structural isolation between a chamber and an igniter, and a fuel reformer having the same are disclosed. A catalytic combustor may include a housing having a cylindrical chamber, a first opening disposed at one end part of the chamber, a second opening for discharging an exhaust in the chamber, and an auxiliary channel for connecting the chamber and the second opening. A catalyst may be disposed in the chamber. When the length direction of the chamber corresponds to a gravitational direction, an igniter may be disposed apart from a virtual extension volume of the chamber extending in the gravitational direction and positioned at a lower portion of the housing.

Abstract: Water in a fuel cell accumulator is kept above freezing by a hydrogen/oxygen catalytic combustor fed hydrogen through a mechanical thermostatic valve in thermal communication with the container and connected to a hydrogen supply. The system includes an ejector hydrogen/oxygen combustor and a diffusion hydrogen/oxygen combustor for warming a medium within a container such as water in the accumulator of a fuel cell in response to a mechanic hydrostatic valve which conducts hydrogen to a combustor responsive to the temperature of the container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for processing a combustible gas, which comprises a catalytic combusting means for receiving an oxygen-containing combustible gas that contains oxygen in addition to the combustible gas as the principal component thereof, causing this oxygen-containing combustible gas to contact an oxidation catalyst for partial combustion thereof, to produce the resultant partially combusted gas as a compressible combustible gas.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method for transferring heat by conduction to the internal heat acceptor of an external combustion engine. Fuel and air are introduced into a combustion chamber and mixed to form an air/fuel mixture. The air/fuel mixture is directed into a catalytic reactor that is positioned in direct contact (non-spaced-apart relation) with the heater head. Heat is transferred via conduction from the catalytic reactor to the heater head; and the catalytic reaction products are exhausted with heat recuperation.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor is configured to accelerate the combustion processing of anode off gas in the combustor to reduce the amount of unburned hydrogen discharged to the outside of the combustor. Anode off gas and cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell are fed into the catalytic combustor and combusted with a catalyst. Ventilation air is supplied from inside of the fuel cell is also supplied to the catalytic combustor. A portion of the catalytic combustor located upstream of the catalyst inside is divided into an upper flow path and a lower flow path by a partitioning plate and a gas flow passage is provided upstream of the upper and lower flow paths. The cathode off gas is supplied to the gas flow passage.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributed ignition is disclosed wherein a combustion fuel and an ignition mixture are combined where the ignition mixture comprises ignition agents and fuel and where ignition agents can be nano-metallic particles in combination with single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs). The combination of ignition mixture and combustion fuel in the presence of oxygen are exposed to light causing heating of the ignition agents and combustion of the fuel within which the ignition agents are interspersed. A system for igniting fuels using the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ignition system and method of igniting the ignition system includes a main catalyst section in a staged relationship with a pilot-catalyst section to stage a decomposition though the pilot-catalyst section which preheats the main catalyst section.

Abstract: A fuel reforming apparatus includes a reforming catalyst, a filtering member, a raw material supply flow passage and a processed gas flow passage. The filtering member has a plurality of cells. A reforming catalyst is carried on a surface of a partition on the side of the processed gas flow passage. If raw gas including hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel reforming apparatus and filtered by the filtering member, soot included in the raw gas is trapped by gaps in the partition, and the hydrocarbon fuel is reformed into reformed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide on the reforming catalyst. By increasing the amount of air supplied from a blower at intervals of time, the soot trapped by the partition is removed by combustion.

Abstract: Efficient and effective fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus is disclosed. A fuel combustion catalyst delivery apparatus may include a receptacle containing a material such as a liquid. The liquid may include one or more catalytic materials. The apparatus may further include a vibration pump configured to convert the liquid to an aerosol to be delivered into an intake air of a combustion zone, a pressure equalizer configured to maintain the pressure level of the receptacle at about the same pressure level as that of the intake air of the combustion zone, and a liquid delivery device configured to deliver the liquid to the vibration pump. The apparatus may further include an electronic control module and a mounting bracket or a docking station. The electronic control module may be used to control the vibration pump.

Abstract: A flameless combustion heater is described, that comprises an oxidation conduit and a fuel conduit positioned within the oxidation conduit to form an oxidation zone having an inlet and an outlet, said fuel conduit having a plurality of openings that provide fluid communication from within the fuel conduit to the oxidation conduit wherein the longitudinal axis of at least one opening forms an oblique angle with the inner surface of the oxidation conduit.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for transferring heat by conduction to the internal heat acceptor of an external combustion engine. Fuel and air are introduced and mixed to form an air/fuel mixture. The air/fuel mixture is directed into a catalytic reactor that is positioned substantially adjacent to the heater head. Heat is transferred via conduction from the catalytic reactor to the heater head and the catalytic reaction products are exhausted.

Abstract: A method for distributed ignition is disclosed wherein a combustion fuel and an ignition mixture are combined where the ignition mixture comprises ignition agents and fuel and where ignition agents can be nano-metallic particles in combination with single-walled carbon nano-tubes (SWCNTs). The combination of ignition mixture and combustion fuel in the presence of oxygen are exposed to light causing heating of the ignition agents and combustion of the fuel within which the ignition agents are interspersed. A system for igniting fuels using the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the safe operation of a continuously operated heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of an organic compound in a reactor, the composition of the feed gas mixture being controlled by pressure-controlled concentration determination of relevant constituents.

Abstract: A photocatalytic ignition system is provided that basically comprises an ignition chamber, a photocatalyst and a light source. The ignition chamber is configured to receive an air fuel mixture. The photocatalyst is arranged in the ignition chamber to contact an air fuel mixture. The light source is arranged to shine light on the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst includes a photocatalytic material having an oxygen absorbing and a desorbing function. The photocatalytic ignition system is capable of igniting a lean air fuel mixture with a greatly reduced amount of light energy.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine using a rich-lean catalytic combustion system includes a rich catalytic burner and a lean catalytic burner. The rich catalytic burner includes a rich catalytic reactor and a heat exchanger. The rich catalytic reactor catalytically burns a fuel rich mixture to provide a heated fuel. The heat exchanger receives a stream of air that absorbs a portion of the heat from the catalytic burning of the fuel rich mixture to keep the reaction in the rich catalytic reactor at or below a threshold temperature. A resulting heated air from the heat exchanger and the heated fuel are mixed in a mixing zone to provide a heated fuel-air mixture. The lean catalytic burner receives and burns the heated fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: The medium (9), such as water, of a container (10), such as a fuel cell accumulator, is kept above freezing by a hydrogen/oxygen catalytic combustor (13) fed hydrogen from a source comprising a mechanical thermostatic valve (25) in thermal communication (26) with the container (10) and connected to a hydrogen supply (28). The combustor may comprise an ejector (32) having hydrogen through its primary inlet (31) drawing air through a secondary inlet (33). The combustor may comprise a diffusion combustor having a catalyst (38) spaced from a heating surface (30) and a diffusion control plate (40) low partial pressure of oxygen at the catalyst causing diffusion through the barrier. Water vapor from combustion condenses on a surface (146) and is led by hydrophilic woven carbon paper (126) to wicking material (133), which has smaller pores than the carbon paper, which leads the water downwardly, through a disk (140) and plugs (147) to atmospheric air.

Abstract: A controller determines whether a rate of temperature rise on an upstream side of a catalyst portion is at a determination criterion value or higher, and, when the rate of temperature rise on the upstream side of the catalyst portion is at the determination criterion value or higher, the controller determines that a combustor is in an abnormal combustion state. Therefore, an abnormal combustion state of the combustor can be detected before temperature of the combustor becomes high.

Abstract: The substance of the invention consists in the combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the electric field by means of the catalyst located in the combustion zone and to which high voltage is applied, which results in reduction of activation energies of all endothermic combustion phases due to the formation of oxygen atoms, carbon radicals and oxygen-containing radicals. Technical result: introduction of the catalyst in the combustion zone minimizes energy expenditure for creation of the low-temperature plasma, allows to increase the temperature in the combustion zone, to reduce activation energy of all endothermic processes taking place at the initial phase of combustion and to reduce carbon content in the ash and to achieve considerable fuel economy.

Abstract: The catalytic combustion burner made from a porous material is designed to cooperate with a wick that will carry a combustible composition to the burner that penetrates into the pores of the porous material, and comprises a peripheral zone that supports a catalyst and that surrounds a central zone without a catalyst forming a vaporization zone, the peripheral zone and the central zone being located in the upper part of the burner. The burner has a tapered peripheral surface flaring upwards.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator comprises a burner for generating a combustion gas, a reformer provided around the burner to generate a reformed gas containing hydrogen by a steam reforming reaction based on a feed material comprising a compound containing at least carbon and hydrogen and a steam, using heat transmission from a combustion gas generated by the burner, and an evaporator having an inner tube provided around the burner, an outer tube provided around the inner tube, and a bottom plate that closes a lower portion of a tubular space formed between the inner tube and the outer tube, the evaporator being configured to evaporate water supplied to the tubular space to generate a steam to be supplied to the reformer, wherein a water absorbing member having a water absorbing capability is provided in the tubular space.

Abstract: The system has a catalytic combustion burner which comprises on its upper part a peripheral zone supporting a catalyst and a central zone without a catalyst creating a vaporisation zone. The system further comprises a sleeve made of porous material comprising a cavity substantially axial designed to tightly hold a wick purposed to carry a combustible composition to the burner. The sleeve is placed in line with the lower part of the burner so that the combustible composition can move from the pores of the upper part of the sleeve towards the pores of the lower part of the burner.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor is formed from a stack of flat and corrugated metal strips. The stack may or may not be wound into a spiral or formed into some other curved structure. Some of the strips are displaced, or offset, relative to other strips, such that some strips do not extend as far as the end faces of the stack. The latter feature increases the effective height of the corrugations, at the end faces, and makes it feasible to weld the strips together. In one embodiment, there are high-amplitude corrugated strips and low-amplitude corrugated strips. The low-amplitude corrugated strips increase the effective cell density, but are displaced from the end faces of the stack so as to permit convenient welding. The resulting combustors therefore have very high cell density, yet can be manufactured economically.

Abstract: The present invention provides microcombustors, microreformers, and methods of steam reforming alcohols over a catalyst. The microcombustors can be manufactured with a very small size and can operate at very low temperature. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a gas lighter, which comprises a nozzle provided at one end of a barrel extended forwardly from a housing, an auxiliary ceramic sleeve member provided at one end of a ceramic sleeve member in the barrel adjacent the nozzle, a metal ring provided at one end of the auxiliary ceramic sleeve member distal from the sleeve member, a radial metal filament provided in the metal ring, and a metal block provided in a center of the metal filament, wherein an ignition is adapted to generate flame at the end of the nozzle and burn the metal block to be hot enough to ignite gas fuel, and in a case of flame extinguished suddenly by wind, the metal block is adapted to ignite flame again in a very short period of time. As a result, it is possible of preventing large gas from leaking accidentally.

Abstract: A catalytic combustor for a gas turbine includes a stack of metal strips, each strip having an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet ends of both sides of the strip are uncoated, to limit the temperature and maintain rigidity of the strip at the inlet end. In one embodiment, both sides of the strip have a light-off band, coated with catalyst, and adjacent to the uncoated inlet band. One side of the strip (Side A) also includes at least one combustion band, while the other side (Side B) has no corresponding coated band. The strips are arranged such that Side A of a given strip inside the stack faces Side A of an adjacent strip, and Side B of a strip inside the stack faces Side B of an adjacent strip. The resulting structure prevents overheating of the combustor, maintains its rigidity, and reduces the pressure drop through the combustor.

Abstract: A candle with transparent flame and flame temperature higher than paraffin candles consists of a fuel mix consisting of sorbitol, ethane diol and glycerol with a polyaramid wick. The candle can be used in catering and for the production of colored flames. For colored flames a colorant wick delivers the colorant to the portion of the flame that maximises the temperature and the residence time of the colorant in the flame. The colorant wick may be spirally wound around a former, heat set and then threaded with the combustion wick so that when alight the free end of the colorant wick relaxes to lie in the hottest portion of the flame.