Abstract: A method of low-NOx combustion and a burner device for effecting the same, in which a primary fuel is injected in a direction from the periphery of stream of a combustion air towards that same combustion air, effecting a first combustion, so as to create a generally cylindrical primary flame covering the combustion air, whereby a secondary fuel injected towards the combustion air is shielded or intercepted by such primary flame from the combustion air, while causing NOx in the primary flame to be reduced by the secondary fuel, after which, a second combustion is effected by bringing the secondary fuel to contact with a portion of the combustion air penetrating through the primary flame, at a downstream side. This arrangement permits more positive decrease of NOx density in an exhaust gas.

Abstract: A gas burner includes several length-adjustable outer gas delivery pipes interposed between an annular outer gas outlet member and a head seat, and a length-adjustable inner gas delivery pipe interposed between an inner gas outlet member and the head seat.

Abstract: In a double-cone burner, at least one row of nozzles (10) for a gaseous fuel containing highly reactive components and having a medium calorific value are arranged on the periphery of the partial conical bodies (1, 2) of the burner near the burner outlet at a distance of approximately 30% of the nominal burner diameter. In addition, there is a fuel conduit (11) and a distributing passage (17), placed in the region of the nozzles (10), for the highly reactive fuel. The gaseous fuel (15) containing highly reactive components is injected at high velocity through the nozzles (10), which have a diameter which is smaller than 1% of the nominal burner diameter, into the zones of high air velocity and the penetration depth and the direction of the fuel jets are matched to one another in such a way that ignition only takes place behind the burner, after mixing has occurred.

Abstract: A high cuisine burner capable of establishing a high heating power or temperature with a low combustion noise and adjusting the heating power easily. The burner comprises: an inner mixing tube for mixing combustible gas and air; a gas head fitted on the upper end of the inner mixing tube and having a plurality of inner flame holes; an air inlet tube arranged concentrically outside of the inner mixing tube and having a plurality of outer flame holes in the circumference of the upper end thereof; a device for blowing additional air into the air inlet tube; a gas head tube fixed on the outer side of the upper end portion of the air inlet tube; and an outer mixing tube extending from the gas head tube for mixing further combustible gas and air, whereby the additional air fed from the air inlet tube is blown between the outer flame holes and the inner flame holes. The burner may further comprise a flame hole cap fastened in the upper end of the gas head tube and having the plurality of outer flame holes.

Abstract: An improved method of burning a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion system includes burning the fuel in a main burner under fuel-lean conditions to produce a main flame and burning a low heating value fuel in a pilot burner to stabilize the main flame and limit the amount of NO.sub.x produced in the pilot burner. The pilot fuel can inherently have a low heating value, can be a diluted high heating value fuel, or can be made by partially oxidizing a high heating value fuel. An improved combustion system for burning a hydrocarbon fuel with limited NO.sub.x emissions has a main burner, a pilot burner, and a partial oxidation stage capable of converting a high heating value fuel to a low heating value fuel in a partial oxidation reaction. The system also has means for burning the low heating value fuel in the pilot burner. The system can include means for removing heat from the partial oxidation stage or low heating value fuel to lower the temperature of the pilot flame.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner includes a burner plate having a plurality of slots from which fuel gas jets and combustion air are discharged. A plurality of fuel tubes are aligned with the slots for discharging the fuel gas therethrough. The fuel tubes are spaced from the slots so that combustion air, provided by a wind box, also can flow through the slots. The fuel gas and combustion air are discharged at high velocity, thereby generating very high turbulence in the combustion chamber downstream from the burner. The slots are arranged such that the width of the recirculation zones between adjacent slots substantially varies between the central region of the burner plate and its perimeter. With this construction, the local ignition patterns vary such that local oscillations of flame front occur at different frequencies and are not synchronized so that vibrations are greatly dampened and resonance problems in the furnace minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: A burner for a rotary kiln consists of a central pipe (5) for introducing an oil or gas lance, a first concentric pipe (8) for introducing primary air and a second concentric pipe (1) for introducing a mixture of solid fuel and carrier air into the burning zone of the kiln. The pipes (5, 8 and 1) form mutually annular channels, the primary air channel being located inside the solid fuel/air channel and at its end facing the burning zone being provided with nozzles mounted parallel to the axis of the burner, the primary air streams from the nozzles drawing the particles of solid fuel towards the core of the flame in the burning zone to increase the combustion and to reduce the NO.sub.x -content in the kiln exhaust gases. The burner is provided with a heat exchanger (14, 18 and 20) surrounding the portion of the burner projecting into the kiln to cool the burner and to increase the primary air velocity during injection into the burning zone.

Abstract: In a low NOx burner, oil and gas are distributed into the combustion zone from within a central tube, surrounded by an outer tube to define an annular channel between the central tube and the outer tube. A windbox surrounds the inner and outer tubes to introduce air into the annular channel and through openings in the inner tube into the central tube. The central tube and outer tube are sized so that the velocity of air through the outer tube is substantially greater than the velocity of air flow through the inner tube to the combustion zone so that an axial recirculating air flow is generated in the combustion zone. The difference in the velocity of the air streams is maintained small enough so that minimum turbulence is generated in the combustion. The air flow paths are constructed so that no angular rotation in the air flow occurs in the combustion zone.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x combustion system for reducing the production of nitrogen oxides in its emissions by using a low NO.sub.x adapter assembly in conjunction with a heat exchanger and a standard burner. The low NO.sub.x adapter assembly includes a low NO.sub.x manifold housing coupled between the heat exchanger and the burner, a flue gas recirculating fan coupled to the stack of the heat exchanger and the low NO.sub.x manifold housing and an operating control mechanism for controlling and regulating the primary air, the recirculated flue gas and the fuel to the burner and the low NO.sub.x manifold housing. NO.sub.x is reduced by supplying recirculated flue gas and a secondary fuel into the combustion chamber of the heat exchanger adjacent the outlet end of the burner via the low NO.sub.x manifold housing.

Abstract: A low NOx gaseous fuel burner that creates a wall hugging flame, even in a cup. It is comprised of two staged premix units, one unit, in a cup, running very lean and the second unit, extended into the furnace, running very rich, the combination being stoichiometric.

Abstract: A burning method promotes rapid mixing and a stable flame in a burner to reduce NO.sub.x and CO emissions and to provide a smoother, quieter operation. The burner includes a primary fuel supply, a combustion air supply arranged to supply combustion air at low pressure, and a swirler for swirling the combustion air. When the primary fuel supply is gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel is introduced radially into the swirling combustion air. A bluff body cone is arranged near the exit of the burner so as to be encountered by at least the swirling combustion air. An atomizer is arranged within the bluff body cone for atomizing liquid fuel when the primary fuel supply is a liquid fuel. Boost gas nozzles are arranged toroidily at the exit of the burner to supply and mix swirling boost gas for combustion with the combustion air when the gaseous fuel is the primary fuel supply, and mixer tabs are disposed around the periphery of the exit.

Abstract: In a burner for premixing-type combustion of a liquid and/or gaseous fuel, which essentially comprises hollow conical part-bodies (1, 2) positioned one upon the other, the center lines of which extend mutually offset in the longitudinal direction, whereupon tangential inlet openings (1b, 2b) are formed on both sides of the burner, a fuel (5a) is admixed to the combustion air (13) flowing into the interior (3) of the burner in that area. This admixture is accomplished via a number of nozzles (9, 10), which act in the region of the inlet openings (1b, 2b). The fuel through these nozzles is injected with a small spray cone angle in the longitudinal direction of the slot. The fuel vaporization takes place essentially only in the inlet openings of the burner, with the result that only a fuel vapor enters the interior (3). A further central nozzle (4) supplied with a liquid and/or gaseous fuel provides assistance in the form of a limit fuel quantity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure of a burner which can be fueled with gas fuel or oil fuel. The main features includes: a specially designed swirl generator; an annular hollow gas gun; an oil gun received in the gas gun where the gas jets of the gas gun and the oil jets of the oil gun have an predetermined angle with respect to the centerline. Under designed operating conditions, a swirling air flow can be generated with a low pressure drop and low turbulences, which is beneficial to flame stability, reducing flame temperature, and delaying the mixing of air and fuel, thus inhibiting the formation of NO.sub.x. Staging air and flue gas recirculation are available for further reduction of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for combustion of carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuels in which carbon black particles are entrained in a carrier fluid and injected through a center nozzle of a fluid injector into a combustion chamber, the fluid injector having an outer nozzle concentrically disposed around the center nozzle forming an annular chamber between the center nozzle and the outer nozzle through which at least a first portion of a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is injected into a combustion chamber forming a carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. The carbon black enriched gaseous hydrocarbon fuel is subsequently mixed with combustion air and burned producing a highly luminous flame.

Abstract: A burner (1) for feeding solid and liquid or gaseous fuel into a burning zone (8) of a kiln, for instance a rotary kiln, and comprising central duct (2) for liquid or gaseous fuel, a surrounding annular duct (3) for primary air and a further surrounding annular duct (4) for solid fuel is provided with an outer duct system (5) for feeding yet an amount of primary air into the burning zone (8), the duct system (5) being in the form of a heat exchanger for transferring heat from the inner kiln compartment surrounding the burner (1) to the primary air transported in the duct system (5) and thereby increasing the velocity of the air passing through the system without any corresponding increase of the fan power or the energy consumption of the kiln plant, but with a substantial decrease in the amount of primary air fed to the burning zone. The duct system (5) is separated from the remainder parts of the burner (1) by an insulating layer (7).

Abstract: A set of two burners is provided for a glass-ceramic cook top. Below the usual glass-ceramic plate, the set of burners includes an inner disk-shaped burner, radially and circumferentially surrounded by an annular burner. Each burner has an inlet for a gas-air mixture, a chamber, and a honeycombed, perforated ceramic plate in which combustion is carried out, and from which infrared energy radiates for heating items which may be supported on the overlying glass-ceramic plate. The upper surfaces of the two perforated ceramic plates are preferably flat, and may be coplanar, or disposed at two different levels.

Abstract: A turbo burner assembly provides for dispersion of liquid fuel into a flame region adjacent a burner head of the assembly by using compressed air to force a fine spray through apertures in an atomizing assembly. The dispersed fuel is supplied at a variable rate that corresponds to the combustion settings of the burner over the entire operating range of the burner. The dispersed fuel becomes entrained into a low quantity flow of high velocity turbo air. The quantity or rate of flow of the high velocity turbo air corresponds to the combustion air required for the correct air to fuel mixture at the lowest fuel flow rate. At increasing fuel flow rates for increased combustion settings a second low velocity stream of turbo air is introduced at a variable volume flow rate to provide together with the first stream of turbo air a correct combustion mixture with the introduced fuel over the entire range of combustion settings of the burner assembly. A gaseous fuel can be substituted for the liquid fuel.

Abstract: A process for incinerating fluid waste, which comprises introducing a high heating value fluid waste and an oxidant having at least about 28% oxygen concentration into an oxygen/fuel burner to engender a flame and providing additional oxidant annularly around the flame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for exploitation of a burner and to a burner for rotary tubular furnaces, wherein fuels and primary combustion air are supplied concentrically and the burner comprises a burner nozzle which comprises concentric supply conduits for the fuel and for the primary combustion air in the form of axial air and eddying air. In order to procure a process and burner which may operate with a smaller proportion of primary air and a greater range of adjustment, a dead zone is provided at the center of the flame directly all around a central fuel conduit and within an annular fuel supply conduit, in which a very small proportion of fuel is sent.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel burner has a gas supply (21) feeding a burner head (10) mounted in a refractory block or tile (12) via a venturi (16). Primary combustion air is inspirated to mix with the fuel gas before passing through the venturi and is controlled by a controller (20). A further pipe branch (24) takes fuel gas directly to a further discharge means such as a series of poker nozzles (25) which inject pure gas directly into the combustion zone.

Abstract: A process for controlling the temperature and flame front in a liquid waste incinerator comprising: dispersing fluid wastes into the flame of at least one oxygen/fuel burner to incinerate the waste in and around the flame, wherein flame energy is regulated by adjusting the fuel to the low heating value waste ratio to control the flame front and temperature in said incinerator. The flue gas resulting from burning the waste may be used to heat, possibly concentrate partially and/or evaporate (if liquid is present) the fluid waste prior to dispersing it into the flame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for reacting waste matter in a flame using fuel such as a flammable gas and oxygen. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical burner comprising a burner base and a removably attachable base extension having a diameter greater than that of the base. The base and the base extension each have aligned central nozzles extending their entire lengths for ejecting waste matter to be reacted, and aligned fuel nozzles radially spaced from each of the central nozzles for ejecting fuel to be ignited. The perimeter of the burner base extension is notched to provide channel-shaped peripheral oxygen nozzles. A substantially cylindrical cooling jacket surrounding the burner is adapted to receive oxygen which passes through the space defined by the outer surface of the burner base and the inner surface of the cooling jacket, then through the peripheral oxygen nozzles of the base extension.

Abstract: A burner for a conventional gas burning barbecue of the type having a pair of gas feed valves. The burner comprises a pair of gas burner tubes, a portion of each of which is rectangularly configured. The rectangularly configured portion of one of the burner tubes is centrally positioned within the rectangularly configured portion of the other. Each of the burner tubes has an air/gas inlet tube, communicating with its rectangular portion, which is positioned to receive a gas outlet tube from a different gas feed valve of the barcecue so as to enable independent control of the gas flowing to each rectangularly configured portion.

Abstract: A burner apparatus which comprises a pilot burner including a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle, and a plurality of main burners which are arranged around the pilot burner and each of which comprises a nozzle and swirlers disposed around the nozzle; and the angle of the swirlers for the pilot burner is set larger than the angle of the swirlers for the main burner so that the angles of the two types of swirlers cross. NOx production can be considerably reduced with a very simple structure based on the present invention for combustion in boilers and gas turbines.

Abstract: A burner apparatus for pulverized coal comprises a pulverized coal supply pipe, a starter oil burner extending within the pulverized coal supply pipe to define therebetween a tubular passage through which a mixture of combustion air and pulverized coal passes into a furnace, a flame holder provided at an outer periphery of one end of the pulverizerd coal supply pipe facing to the furnace, a cylindrical member disposed in the tubular passage for dividing a part thereof into two coaxial passage parts, and a valve adapted to close an axial end opening of the cylindrical member for varying a concentration of pulverized coal in a radial outer passage part of the coaxial passage parts.

Abstract: In a premixed type of combustion of a liquid fuel at high pressure, the injection of the fuel (4c, 4d) and its evaporation with a gaseous medium (5) is undertaken, in order to prevent premature ignition of the liquid/gaseous mixture in the burner itself, at a location where the droplets of the fuel from the fuel nozzles (4a, 4b) are screened from the flame radiation from the flame front of the burner. As soon as the fuel (4c, 4d) is pre-evaporated, i.e. leaves the duct (7a, 7b) via the inlet slot (1d, 2d) in the direction of the internal space (3) of the burner as a mixture (6), it absorbs practically no flame radiation.

Abstract: A low-NOx boiler comprises a burner for burning gaseous fuel, heat transfer pipes heating water by combustion heat of the burner to generate steam and having a passage through which water flows, a steam drum communicating with the heat transfer pipe and accumulating the steam from the heat transfer pipe, and an exhaust gas duct located in the furnace to exhaust combustion gas generated by combustion of gaseous fuel outside of the boiler. The boiler further comprises unburnt gas burner in the exhaust gas duct for burning unburnt content in the combustion gas flowing in the duct. The unburnt gas burner includes a nozzle for injecting premixture flow of fuel and combustion air and flame holding plate located near the downstream side of the outlet of the nozzle to interrupt the premixture flow to form a circulating flow on downstream side of the flame holding plate. As gaseous fuel and air are mixed in advance and a flame is formed, the flame length can be shortened.

Abstract: A burner for operation with gas and/or includes a central pilot burner system selectively operable with gas and/or oil as a diffusion burner or as a separate pre-mixing burner and an annular main burner system surrounding the pilot burner system and carrying a primary air flow. The main burner system includes a multiplicity of first nozzles admixing gas with the primary air flow for pre-mixing operation and second inlet nozzles pre-mixing oil into the primary air flow.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel burner provides substantial reduction of nitrogen oxide content in the combustion gases by creating a screen of premix combustion products, by introducing secondary gaseous fuel for admixture with the screen, and by exposing secondary air to the mixture for reaction with the secondary gaseous fuel.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for improving the control and efficiency of a combustion reaction in a flash smelting furnace, having the steps of mixing a first oxidizing gas having a first oxygen concentration with solid particles consisting of at least one combustible component and at least one incombustible component, directing the mixture of solid particles and said first oxidizing gas into a combustion chamber of the flash smelting furnace, burning the mixture of solid particles and oxidizing gas in a first flame portion to provide for the smelting of the solid particles, directing an auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to surround said first flame portion, directing a second oxidizing gas having a second oxygen concentration into the combustion chamber to surround the first flame portion and mix with the auxiliary fuel, burning the auxiliary fuel and the second oxidizing gas to create a second flame portion surrounding the first flame portion, controlling the flow of the first and second ox

Abstract: An improved method for burning carbonaceous material containing sulfur to reduce emissions of SO.sub.2 is disclosed wherein the carbonaceous material is projected into a furnace as one or more streams and each stream is continuously ignited with a volatile fuel such as natural gas, oil, liquefied petroleum gas or naptha. The volatile fuel is supplied separately from the carbonaceous material and is directed into each stream of the carbonaceous material as it enters the furnace so as to cause the material to be enveloped in a reducing atmosphere during its volatilization. In consequence, at least a portion of the sulfur contained in the carbonaceous material is retained within the ash slag in its reduced or sulfide form.

Abstract: A low NOx burning method and apparatus wherein a low air ratio flame burned with an amount of air less than an amount of air in a theoretical air ratio required for burning fuel perfectly is formed, and combustibles discharged from the low air ratio flame are burned at a trailing stream of the low air ratio flame while supplying air. The low air ratio flame is a premixing flame burned by premixing the fuel and air, and combustion of the premixing flames is maintained in the vicinity of the premixing flame. In this way, the generation of the NOx during the burning can be greatly decreased, and the required apparatus can be small-sized.

Abstract: A method and system for flue gas recirculation is disclosed which will minimize NOx production from hydrocarbon combustion. In the present invention a furnace having an oxygen-bearing primary source of combustion air, a mixing chamber, a combustion chamber in downstream communication with the mixing chamber and an exhaust section downstream of the combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas recirculation line. The recirculation line establishes communication between the exhaust section and the mixing chamber for the return of combustion products as a secondary source of combustion air which is relatively lean in oxygen and is combined with the primary source of combustion air in the mixing chamber. The ratio of flow rates for the primary and secondary sources of combustion air is controlled by a signal generated by a sensor which senses the oxygen concentration in the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus and method are provided which can achieve highly effective and complete combustion of combustible gases therein. In accordance with the invention, a stream of oxidant gas is directed along and in contact with the exterior surface of a hollow member having inlets communicating with the interior thereof. The oxidant gas is then directed through the inlets into the interior of the hollow member. Oxidant gas swirl vanes are provided within the hollow member to impart swirling motion to the oxidant gas. A nozzle extends into the hollow member and also contains swirl vanes which impart a swirling motion to at least one combustible gas which is passed through the nozzle. Swirling combustible gas exiting the nozzle outlet mixes with the swirling stream of oxidant gas to produce a combustible mixture. The combustible gas in such mixture is combusted and combustion products are discharged through an outlet of the hollow member.

Abstract: A burner for burning gaseous and/or liquid fuels in a combustion space (5), through the face (3) of which an oil lance (12) and/or several gas lances (13 and 14) extend. The oil lance and at least some of the gas lances are surrounded by an air pipe (4) that supplies primary air with its outer surface demarcating a flue-gas recirculation channel that opens toward the combustion space and surrounded by a source of secondary air. The air pipe and the source of secondary air extend into the combustion space. The air pipe is surrounded inside the combustion space by a baffle (20) that is axially separated from the face of the combustion space. Some of the gas lances surround the air pipe and are mounted on a sector with a diameter that is shorter than the longest diameter of the baffle.

Abstract: A burner apparatus having particular advantage for use with rotary kilns of the type used to process cement, lime, and the like, provides adjustable flame geometry and location within the combustion zone. Either gaseous or liquid fuels can be fired with highly selective heat flux as required for processing. Air and gaseous fuel injection means are controllable to vary the velocity of injection and thereby alter flame geometry. This is achieved by disposing an axially-adjustable control baffle in a crossectional area of changing transition section formed by coaxial members, between which an air supply conduit is formed. The control baffle is cylindrical and fits in and moves within the air supply conduit. The transition section has frustoconical surfaces opposite frustoconical surfaces on the control baffle so that different gaseous mass flow can be regulated around a central flame resulting in an adjustable flame geometry.

Abstract: A method and flare burner apparatus for flaring inert vitiated waste gases in an efficient stable manner are provided. The apparatus is comprised of a first tubular member for discharging waste gases having an inlet end and a discharge end and a second tubular member positioned around at least the discharge end portion of the first tubular member whereby a discharge space is provided between the first and second tubular members around and adjacent the discharge end of the first tubular member. Burner means are disposed within the discharge space for discharging and igniting fuel gas therein and fuel gas conduit means are sealingly connected to the burner means for connecting the burner means to a source of fuel gas. Air conduit means are sealingly connected to the discharge space for connecting such space to a source of combustion air.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which overcomes the problems which tend to occur in the retrofitting of coal burners for low-NOx emission. A gaseous or volatile liquid fuel is introduced into the primary or secondary air with the amount ranging from 2% to 25% of the boiler energy input as necessary to achieve the necessary NOx reduction and improved load following without operational problems. Optionally gas can be injected through gas burners in an amount ranging from 2% to 50% of the boiler energy input.

Abstract: In a power plant boiler having oil and coal burning capability, a coal disperser support tube and an oil gun extending through the disperser support tube are slidable in a bearing sleeve extending through a removable access plate in the wall of an elbow of a coal guide. The disperser is arranged to be withdrawn into the coal guide delivery pipe by a first two-position, reversible, linear pneumatic actuator, and the oil gun is arranged to be withdrawn into the disperser support tube by a second similar actuator the body of which is carried with the piston of the first actuator and the piston of which is connected to the oil gun. The piston of the second actuator is withdrawn when the piston of the first actuator is extended to minimize space requirements. The dispenser support, oil gun, actuators, and associated parts are all mounted on the removable access plate, and can be removed as a unit with the access plate.

Abstract: In premixing-type combustion of liquid fuel in a burner without a premixing section, a conical column (5) of liquid fuel is formed in the interior (14) of the burner, which column widens in the direction of flow and is surrounded by a rotating stream (15) of combustion air which flows tangentially into the burner. Ignition of the mixture takes place at the burner outlet, a backflow zone (6) forming in the region of the burner outlet. The burner itself consists of at least two hollow part-cone bodies (1,2) which are superposed on one another and have a cone angle increasing in the direction of flow. The part-cone bodies (1, 2) are mutually offset, so that tangential air inlet slots (19, 20) are formed. A nozzle (3) placed at the burner head ensures injection of the liquid fuel (2) into the interior (14) of the burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus intended to effect the combustion of a mixture of air and liquid or gaseous fuel, wherein the injection of the fuel is staged without that of the air for combustion being staged. According to the invention, in addition to the primary means (20, 34) for injecting fuel into the passage (10, 14) supplying air to the burner, secondary injection means (24) mounted inside said passage are provided and comprise a main part (24a) which is extended by a terminal part (24b) bent in such a manner that the end of said terminal part is situated downstream of the end of the primary means (20, 34) and at a distance from the axis (2) of said passage which is greater than the minimum section of the latter. The invention is applicable both to so-called parallel air admission burners and to burners having swirl vanes.

Abstract: The improved incinerator is a concentric elongated tubular array, with an outer closed tubular housing or shell, an annular tubular heat exchanger in the form of a bundle of spaced open ended tubes inside the housing and spaced inwardly therefrom to define an annular air passageway therebetween and front and rear spaces, and a tubular combustion chamber having an open front end and an open rear end. The front end thereof is necked down and in the form of a small diameter tubular inlet immediately downstream of the combustion zone in the combustion chamber. A fuel line, a fluidized waste material line and an ignition system pass through the inlet into the combustion zone, along with heated air to initiate and maintain the desired complete combustion of the waste material. The air is preheated by blowing it into the passageway and around and over the heat exchange tubes, before passing it into the combustion zone.

Abstract: An improved burner having a very particularly designed gas element for the combustion of coal, oil or gas places a plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements in close proximity to the outlet end of a tubular burner nozzle of the burner which are shielded from combustion air provided around the tubular burner nozzle by a flame stabilizing ring having a plurality of openings adapted to closely receive each of the plurality of retractable and rotatable gas elements. Eddies produced by the flame stabilizing ring create a low oxygen/fuel rich flame resulting in reduced NO.sub.x formation.

Abstract: A low NOx burner comprises a pulverized coal nozzle for injecting a flow of a mixture of pulverized coal with primary air, a secondary air nozzle arranged externally of and coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, a tertiary air nozzle arranged externally of the secondary air nozzle and disposed coaxially with the pulverized coal nozzle, and a swirl flow generator for injecting secondary air and tertiary air as a respective swirl flow. Between the secondary air nozzle and the tertiary air nozzle, there is provided a spacer having such a thickness as to delay the mixing of the secondary air and the tertiary air and to form a swirl flow between the secondary air and the tertiary air.

Abstract: The wall (5) of a tube (2) for delivering pulverized fuel to the outlet (4) of an oxy-fuel burner (1) forms part of a chamber (6) which is pressurized or evacuated. The pressure in the chamber is continuously monitored. If the pressure in the chamber (6) changes in a way indicative that the wall (5) of the oxy-fuel burner (1) has failed the oxy-fuel burner (1) is automatically shut down.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for high intensity treatment of solid particles in a combustion chamber (10) by introducing the particles into the combustion chamber (10) as a plurality of streams (30, 32, 34, 36) wherein fuel is introduced to the combustion chamber within the area formed by the streams of particles and fuel is also introduced into said combustion chamber so that it surrounds the stream of particles, and by introducing oxidizing gas into the combustion chamber so that the oxidizing gas mixes with and combusts the fuel to produce a first high intensity flame located within the area formed by the particle streams and a second high intensity flame surrounding the particle streams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low NOx radiant tube burner. The radiant tube burner consists of; a primary combustion chamber which is located outside of the furnace and having an injection outlet of the combustion gas located approximately more inside of the furnace than the bung of the radiant tube, a primary fuel nozzle which injects primary fuel into the primary combustion chamber, and a secondary fuel nozzle which is surrounded with refractory material and injects secondary fuel into the radiant tube from the area adjacent to the injection outlet. Approximately the total amount of the combustion air is supplied into the primary combustion chamber with primary fuel under a high excess air ratio creating primary combustion. The low concentration of oxygen remaining in the primary combustion gas combined with the secondary fuel creates secondary combustion.

Abstract: Enhanced combustion of pulverized fuel in an oxy-fuel burner (10) is achieved by replacing the conventional pulverized fuel feed with a dense phase material flow transport system. This enables materials which would hitherto have been discarded as waste to be used as a viable energy source. In addition to greatly enhancing combustion the swirlers conventionally associated with the oxy-fuel burner (10) may be omitted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a burner in which a proportion of the fuel is delivered via an outer annular duct and accelerated at the outlet end to a high speed, while a further proportion of the fuel is delivered via a second, inner annular duct and retarded at the outlet end to a slow speed. This results in stabilization and regulation of the principal flame by a permanent pilot flame.

Abstract: In a combustion chamber having a substantially cylindrical housing and a flame tube .[.therein at an annular gap from a housing of the chamber,.]. .Iadd.with an end face, the flame tube being thermally movable and disposed in the combustion chamber and the flame tube being spaced from the cylindrical housing defining an annular gap therebetween, the improvement includes .Iaddend.a burner apparatus .Iadd.having a burner axis and .Iaddend.including at least one pilot burner .[.near an.]. .Iadd.having a head and being disposed in the vicinity of the .Iaddend.end face of the flame tube for generating a pilot flame .[.from.]. .Iadd., the pilot burner operating with at least one fuel from the group consisting of .Iaddend.natural gas .[.and/or.]. .Iadd.and .Iaddend.heating oil, an air supply channel surrounding the head .[.of the pilot burner.]., a premixing device for .[.natural gas.]. .Iadd.mixing gas and air .Iaddend.in the form of a ring channel system surrounding the head.Iadd., the ring channel system .