Abstract: A firing installation includes a combustion space fed by premixing burners having combustion air inlet slots along the length of the burner bodies that create a tangentially directed inflow of combustion air. Fresh air guides are positioned along the inlet slots upstream to guide fresh air into the slots, and include an end plate having a plurality of perforations that act as air injection nozzles. Movement of fresh air through the nozzles creates a vacuum that draws combustion air from the combustion space into the inlet slots where it mixes with the fresh air to form a combustion gas mixture.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of a catalytic preburner for heating the pair from compressor discharge temperatures to above the light-off or extinction temperatures of a catalytic combustor. Such structures of this type, generally, eliminate the diffusion flame during steady-state operation and produce a preburner/catalytic combustor system capable of achieving less than 1 ppm NO.sub.x.

Abstract: Past systems have attempted to provide a combustion system to reduce NOx pollution, however, such methods have failed to attain adequate reductions in NOx pollution. The present system or structure for for reducing NOx includes a pilot fuel system and a premixed supply system to reduce the NOx to a workable level. The pilot system uses a device for supplying combustible fuel to the fuel injection nozzle generally along a combustion axis during all or a portion of the operating conditions of the engine. Low NOx is maintained by using a device for supplying combustible fuel into each of a plurality of spaces formed between a plurality of swirler vanes. Low NOx is further maintained by having the cooling fluid used to cool the fuel injection nozzle mixed with the fuel and air from the spaces prior to entering the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In order to improve a burner for generating hot gas having a burner pipe, comprising a support pipe followed by a flame pipe, a nozzle arranged in the support pipe, a fuel jet exiting from the nozzle, a shield separating a precombustion chamber and a combustion chamber from one another in the burner pipe, the shield having a central passage penetrated by the fuel jet, recirculation openings arranged in the flame pipe and allowing an outer recirculation of cooled flue gas and an element for suppressing the outer recirculation during a starting phase of the burner, such that a reliable suppression of the outer recirculation during the starting phase is possible it is suggested that the element for suppressing the outer recirculation be arranged within the burner pipe and be controllable via a control means guided through an interior of the support pipe.

Abstract: An atmospheric gas burner, of the hyperstoichiometric mixture type, of a substantially tubular shape; wherein the mixture is discharged from a series of slots made in the top surface, these slots being arranged in one or more rows running parallel to the burner axis; wherein the width of these slots is such as to guarantee extremely low resistance to the passage of the comburent air/combustible gas mixture.

Abstract: The pressure head needed to drive combustion air into the combustion region (46) of a heat gun 930) is imparted to the air by a compressor blades (36) driven by a turbine whose blades (32) are interposed in the fuel conduit that leads to the combustion region (46). The expansion of the gaseous fuel, which is obtained from a pressurized source, provides the power to impose the necessary pressure head. The turbine-compressor combination is efficient enough that it can extract from the fuel flow enough power to maintain the necessary pressure head not only on the combustion gas (A.sub.1), which flows through vents (44) in a manifold (43), but also on a larger volume of air (A.sub.2) delivered downstream of the combustion region (46) to dilute the combustion products and thereby cool them to the desired heat-gun output temperature.

Abstract: A combustion noise suppression system for a combustor assembly includes a number of holes formed in the combustor housing at a distance from the location at which an air and fuel mixture is introduced into the housing and ignited to produce flame.

Abstract: A tube assembly, such as a flame tube for a gas turbine plant, includes a tube segment having an inner region for guiding a hot gas in one flow direction. A heat shield faces toward the inner region and includes a plurality of bricks being disposed side by side. At least one metal support frame supports the heat shield. The support frame has a plurality of conduits for supplying a cooling gas and a lip encompassing the tube segment and substantially covering the conduits toward the inner region leaving a slit for conducting the cooling gas from the conduits past the lip to the inner region.

Abstract: This invention relates to a combustion chamber and a method for burning waste material, such as waste oil, hazardous chemicals, and municipal garbage or trash, in a manner which generates very little smoke, particulate matter, unburned hydrocarbons, or potentially hazardous fumes in the exhaust gases. The combustion chamber is enclosed within an outer wall which provides an inlet for air, fuel, and burnable waste material, and an outlet for exhaust gases. Enclosed within the outer wall is an annular wall, which divides the chamber into a central burning region inside the annular wall, and an annular space between the outer wall and the annular wall. The central burning region contains a primary burning zone, while the annulus space carries a portion of the inlet air along the length of the chamber.

Abstract: A rotary fluid bed gasifier which comprises: a rotatable drum having a circumferentially extending wall which is permeable to gases; a means for feeding a fluidizing gas through the wall into the drum; a bed of particles which, at least when the gasifier is in use, is supported on an internal face of the wall and is fluidized by the fluidizing gas; an outlet means for receiving an oil-in-water emulsion from outside the gasifier and delivering the oil-in-water emulsion to the drum; a means for introducing steam into the drum; a de-NO.sub.x boiler having a quench zone and a nitrogen fixing zone; a means for introducing secondary air disposed between the quench zone and the nitrogen fixing zone; and a means for introducing tertiary air disposed between the de-NO.sub.x boiler and a main boiler or furnace.

Abstract: In a process for low-pollutant combustion in a power station boiler (22) for steam generation, at least one precombustion chamber (24) acts at the boiler itself, which precombustion chamber is operated with at least one burner (25a-c). At least a part of the primary air (26) initially flows through a heat exchanger (24c) , in which a caloric treatment of this air takes place to give combustion air (26a). This combustion air (26a) then flows into the burner (25a-c), where a mixing, and subsequent combustion with fuel (12) or with another mixture takes place. A further air stream as secondary air (27) is injected directly into the precombustion chamber (24), this taking place directly before the actual join of the precombustion chamber (24) to the boiler (22). Downstream of the precombustion chamber (24), a tertiary air stream (29) is fed into the boiler (22). Using this configuration, a process with double air staging is proposed, the boiler (22) being operated with air deficiency.

Abstract: A dry distillation gas generator generates a dry distillation gas for burning in a separate combustion gas burner unit. Air is supplied in a gentle decelerated flow to the bottom of the dry distillation generator in a quantity sufficient to support combustion of a solid fuel in the vicinity of the air supply, but at a low enough volume to prevent the combustion proceeding to other parts of the generator, thus thermally decomposing the remainder of the solid fuel to generate the dry distillate gas. An air chamber surrounds the generator to reduce the temperature to which the solid fuel is exposed. Similarly, an air chamber is disposed below the bottom of the generator to supply air to the generator, and to moderate the temperature therein. An impurity separation tank in a conduit between the generator and the gas burner unit helps prevent particulates from entering the generator. A preheat burner in the combustion gas burner unit includes a pilot to ignite and preheat the gas.

Abstract: A gas burner is described having a cylindrical combustion chamber having at least two spaced apart counter-rotation stationary tangential air injectors and at least three sets of radial injection holes in between for admitting air under pressure in the combustion chamber to cause adjacent counter-rotation air turbulence regions in said combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has a closed end and an open end with a gas injector tube extending in the chamber from the closed end and disposed centrally therein. The injector tube has combustion gas injection ports at least upstream and downstream of the at least two air injectors to create a combustion mixture which is initially fuel-lean to generate a flame having a lower temperature and producing less nitrogen oxide than with conventional gas burners of this type. An air chamber is provided about at least a portion of the combustion chamber and communicates with the tangential air injectors.

Abstract: A heater (independent vehicle heater) which can be operated in a particularly wide range between full load and partial load, e.g., 1:10 to 1:15, is shown. This is achieved by the annular space surrounding the combustion chamber being divided into two partial compartments and by supplying the combustion air to these partial compartments. A control element (back-pressure-controlled control element), which separates some of the air passage openings between the annular space and the combustion chamber from the passage of air, is arranged in the combustion air line.

Abstract: An industrial gas burner is disclosed which operates at low air/fuel ratios to avoid NO.sub.x formation without carbon sooting. The burner includes a refractory block having a cylindrically stepped throat passage extending therethrough, a housing adjacent the inlet end of the refractory block and a swirl plate inbetween the block and housing. Vane passages in the swirl plate provide fluid communication between the throat passage and an annular entrainment passage in the housing. A plurality of circumferentially spaced gas jet nozzles in the entrainment passage cause jet entrainment and mixing of fuel and combustion air which is ported to the entrainment chamber. The jet streams of mixed air/fuel impinge the swirl plate whereat the mixture undergoes a further mixing because of the pressure drop and swirling therein. The swirling air/fuel mixture is thus intimately and thoroughly mixed when it exits the swirl plate as a swirling mass at the entry end of the throat passage where it is ignited.

Abstract: A radiant tube heater is provided for a gas fired burner which fires heated products of combustion into an inner longitudinally-extending tube which is concentrically pinned to an outer longitudinally-extending tube which in turn is concentrically mounted within a heat transfer, tube which radiates heat to work. The outer and inner transfer tubes have closed axial ends opposite the burner and the inner tube is radially spaced closely adjacent the outer tube to define an annular heat transfer passage therebetween. A specific hole size pattern in the inner and outer tubes in combination with the radial distance of the heat transfer passage insure long path gas flow lengths which promote laminar flow and even heat distribution along the length thereof thus producing a radiant tube which radiates heat uniformly from the heat transfer tube to the work along its length.

Abstract: In direct fired fluid burner heater of the type where fuel is continuously injected and burned at one end of a cylindrical combustion chamber and combustion gases discharged at an opposite open end pass through a heat exchanger for heating a circulating medium, and where high heat capacity is achieved for a given chamber size by swirling the flame in the combustion chamber, acoustical low frequency buzzing is controlled by restricting the discharge area through which exhaust gases flow downstream of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A portable burner (1) has a first (6) and a second mixer tube (18) for the delivery of primary and secondary air. To the first mixer tube belong an injector nozzle (2) for fuel gas and a spin producer (10). This first mixer tube (6) leads concentrically into the second mixer tube (18) larger in diameter, which has an inlet end (19) for the burner flame and aspiration points (20) for the secondary air. For the achievement of a thorough mixing of hot and cold gases and a low mixing temperature, between the outlet end (13) of the first mixer tube (6) and the inlet end (19) of the second mixer tube (18) there is disposed a filler body (16) filling the radial distance between the two tube ends and having a radial end face (21) from which the outlet end (13) of the first mixer tube (6) protrudes by a given amount "s." The aspiration points (20) for the secondary air are disposed exclusively in the area of the outlet end (13) of the first mixer tube (6) and aimed radially at the nozzle axis (A--A).

Abstract: A burner assembly includes a register including an annular wall defining a chamber, the annular wall including a plurality of coaxial annular bands and a plurality of parallel, axially spaced, circumferentially extending slots which separate the bands and through which air is supplied to the chamber, the annular bands forming a plurality of bluff body elements to the air, the annular bands being formed separate and independent of each other; a plurality of spacer washers inserted between adjacent annular bands to define the slots; a plurality of connecting rods extending through openings in the spacing washers for maintaining the spacing washers in a predetermined relationship and for maintaining the spacing washers between the annular bands; an oil and/or gas gun for supplying a combustible material to the chamber; and a gas pilot for igniting a mixture of the combustible material and the air in the chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ultra-low pollutant emission combustion of fossil fuel is disclosed in which a first portion of fuel to be combusted is introduced into a primary combustion chamber together with primary combustion air, producing either a reducing or oxidizing combustion zone and a portion of water having a heat capacity equivalent to the heat capacity of a portion of primary combustion air. The first portion of fuel is combusted in the primary combustion chamber and the combustion products derived therefrom pass through an orifice into a secondary combustion chamber. Also introduced into the secondary combustion chamber is a second portion of fuel and secondary combustion air in an amount sufficient to complete combustion of the total amount of fuel in the apparatus. In addition, water is introduced into the secondary combustion chamber in an amount having a heat capacity equivalent to an amount of secondary combustion air.

Abstract: In a premixing burner, which consists of two hollow partial conical bodies (1, 2), which are positioned on one another and have a cone inclination increasing in the direction of flow, the fuel feed takes place via central fuel nozzle (3) and/or via a plurality of fuel nozzles (17), which are placed along the inflow of the combustion air (15) into the interior (14) of the burner. The combustion air (15) itself is a mixture of fresh air and exhaust gas. The fresh air is led up via a first flow funnel (23a, 23b ) and exhaust gas recirculation takes place via a second flow funnel (22a, 22b). These two gases mix with one another before flowing tangentially into the interior (14). An optimum, homogenous fuel concentration over the cross-section arises in the region of the return flow zone (6).

Abstract: An improved fuel burning combustion apparatus and method of combusting a fuel-air mixture wherein the apparatus includes a burner housing having a plurality of angularly adjoined flat wall panels to define a burner chamber of preselected geometric configuration having tangentially disposed combustion air inlets and air turbulence forming areas extending longitudinally along the angularly adjoined flat wall panels to provide a thorough mixing of air and fuel introduced into the burner chamber.

Abstract: A combustor for an exhaust gas system includes a longitudinally compliant fuel conduit for allowing thermal expansion and contraction of other portions of the combustor relative to the fuel conduit while not misaligning the atomizer to which the fuel conduit is attached. The combustor includes an exhaust duct, a combustion chamber, and an air duct in addition to the atomizer and longitudinally complaint fuel conduit. The combustion chamber and air duct are disposed within the exhaust duct so that they are heated by the exhaust gases passing through the exhaust duct. The fuel conduit is disposed within the air duct so that air passing through the air duct keeps the fuel conduit relatively cool.

Abstract: The burner comprises a combustion chamber equipped with a flame retention cone. The flame retention cone comprises a diverging jacket with orifices for the passage of oxygen-carrier gas. A fuel lance provided with radially arranged exit openings has its outlet in an upstream inlet section of the flame retention cone. An igniter is arranged in an oxygen-carrier gas duct outside an ignition opening provided in the area of the fuel lance exit openings. The combustion chamber is accommodated inside an outer tube. The downstream ends of the combustion chamber and the outer tube enclose openings spaced, relative to each other, in the circumferential direction to allow the exit of oxygen-carrier gas. The burner provides for flame stability and low-polluting combustion.

Abstract: Two-stage combustion of nitrogen-containing gas with low NO.sub.x emissions, in a combustion chamber, wherein first, pre-combustion is performed in a primary stage at an air number of approximately .lambda.=0.6 to 0.9 and subsequently post-combustion is performed in a secondary stage at an air number of approximately .lambda.=1.3 to 2, characterized in that in the primary stage, an inert substance is supplied via a multiplicity of openings in the walls of the primary stage, which substance cools the walls and keeps the combustion zone remote from the walls.

Abstract: A burner for mixing and burning a gaseous fuel includes an inner pipe, carrying the gaseous fuel, and an outer pipe, carrying combustion air in the annular space between the inner and outer pipes. A cone-shaped horn is affixed to the end of the inner pipe. The horn extends near the inner surface of the outer pipe, leaving a narrow annular space therebetween. An alternating series of air jetting portions and blind portions around the periphery of the large end of the horn encourage the formation of mixing vortices as air passes through the air jetting portions. A plurality of radially directed fuel jetting openings in the inner pipe, upstream of the horn, inject gaseous fuel into the combustion air to form a lean air-fuel mixture. A plurality of jet openings at the end of the inner pipe, within the horn, direct gaseous fuel generally parallel to the diverging wall of the horn.

Abstract: A horizontal flame burner (30) is disclosed for heating a glass sheet furnace floor (22) to provide radiant heat within a furnace (10) heated thereby. The burner (30) includes a combustion air and fuel inlet (54) located beneath the floor (22). A vertical intermediate portion (56) extends upwardly from the inlet (54) into the floor (22) and a horizontally extending outlet (58) extends from the vertical intermediate portion (56) into a heating passage (28) extending horizontally between upper and lower floor surfaces (24,26). The combustion air and fuel are mixed and ignited within the horizontally extending outlet (58) to propagate a horizontally extending flame within heating passage (28) to heat furnace (10).

Abstract: A mixer has its associated fuel gas nozzle inserted on one side and includes an inlet section for introducing combustion air via a gap defined therearound to allow it with a fuel and a jetting outlet section for jetting a resultant air/fuel mixture. A cylinder is fixed to the jetting outlet section to burn the mixture. A burner head is fixed to the cylinder to allow the mixture which is jetted from the jetting outlet section via diffusion holes to be guided into the cylinder.

Abstract: Two-stage combustion of nitrogen-containing gas with low NO.sub.x emissions, in a combustion chamber, wherein first, pre-combustion is performed in a primary stage at an air number of approximately .lambda.=0.6 to 0.9 and subsequently post-combustion is performed in a secondary stage at an air number of approximately .lambda.=1.3 to 2, characterized in that in the primary stage, an inert substance is supplied via a multiplicity of openings in the walls of the primary stage, which substance cools the walls and keeps the combustion zone remote from the walls.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a gas turbine engine has a wall which is provided with rows of apertures. The apertures are arranged so that the axes of the apertures form an angle of between 25.degree. and 35.degree. with respect to the inner surface of the wall. The apertures have a first cylindircal portion and a second divergent portion to produce fan shaped apertures. An upstream portion of the wall has apertures arranged in axially spaced groups, each of which has three rows of apertures and a downstream portion of the wall has apertures arranged in axially spaced groups, each of which has two rows of apertures. The axes of adjacent apertures in each row are spaced apart by at least three times the diameter of the cylindrical portion. The apertures produce effective film cooling of the wall using less cooling air than conventional cooling rings. The apertures may be arranged locally to cope with hot spots.

Abstract: The safety stove includes a stove body having a heating chamber and an air chamber therein. The stove body and chambers are pneumatically sealed. The heating chamber is positioned between the stove top and the air chamber. A burner assembly is mounted beneath the stove top in the heating and air chambers. The burner assembly has a fuel inlet and an air/fuel mixer and a burner. The burner being in the heating chamber, the fuel inlet being in the air chamber. The air/fuel mixer extending between the chambers. The burner assembly is the sole communication between chambers. The chambers are pneumatically isolated from the body. An air inlet duct communicates with the air chamber and the exterior of the body. A combustion product exhaust duct communicates with the heating chamber and the exterior of the body. The heater chamber and the product exhaust duct define an air/combustion product flow path. A fan is mounted within the air/combustion product flow path.

Abstract: An industrial burner in which gaseous fuel is supplied to a mixing and combustion zone within a burner body by way of a conical distribution manifold formed with annular rows of gas discharge ports. A separate passage for pilot gas is formed through the manifold and terminates as an isolated pilot port which discharges a jet of pilot gas for establishing a pilot flame uses to ignite the main gas. Combustor plates surround the gas manifold and are formed with air passages which are so angled and so located as to form canopies of air jets over the fuel jets, the air jets intersecting each other at a significant distance from the center line of the burner.

Abstract: A flueless, portable low nitrogen oxides emissions, low carbon monoxide emissions space heater having a fuel chamber with a fuel inlet and a fuel distributor. The fuel inlet generates a swirling fuel flow within the fuel chamber. A primary air inlet generates a counter-swirling primary airflow with respect to the swirling fuel flow in a primary air chamber. The fuel distributor discharges the swirling fuel flow into the counter-swirling primary airflow thus forming a fuel/air mixture. An ignitor ignites the fuel/air mixture. A combustion chamber is sealably secured to and in communication with the primary air chamber. The combustion chamber wall has a plurality of secondary air supply holes. An intermediate shell surrounds the combustion chamber wall and forms a space between the intermediate shell and the combustion chamber wall. A secondary air inlet is in communication with the space between the intermediate shell and the combustion chamber wall. An outer protective shell surrounds the intermediate shell.

Abstract: A gas burner having flame openings adapted for discharging a mixture of gaseous fuel and primary combustion air supplied from an electric fan, and secondary air supply passages adapted for supplying secondary combustion air from the electric fan into a combustion space adjacent the flame openings. The gas burner is characterized by opposed combustion face forming wall members extending from the sides of the flame openings, in the mixed gas discharge direction and at the same time diverging outwardly with the secondary combustion air outlet openings formed continuously or intermittently along lines extended from both ends of the flame openings on the faces of the wall members towards the direction of mixed gas flow.

Abstract: A method for burning a fuel, containing chemically bound nitrogen, in a two-stage, rich-lean combustion process, including; introducing the fuel and at least one stream of primary air into a primary combustion region at a fuel-air ratio above the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to intimately mix the fuel and air and establish a stabilized flame adjacent the upstream end of the primary combustion region, maintaining the flame in the primary combustion region for a period of time sufficient to produce a combustion product mixture containing less than a predetermined amount of NO.sub.x pollutants and abruptly terminating the primary combustion region while introducing at least one stream of secondary air into the secondary region in an amount sufficient to reduce the overall fuel-air ratio below the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to prevent backflow of the secondary air into the primary combustion region.

Abstract: A method for burning a fuel, containing chemically bound nitrogen, in a two-stage, rich-lean combustion process, including: introducing the fuel and at least one stream of primary air into a primary combustion region at a fuel-air ratio above the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to intimately mix the fuel and air and establish a stabilized flame adjacent the upstream end of the primary combustion region, maintaining the flame in the primary combustion region for a period of time sufficient to produce a combustion product mixture containing less than a predetermined amount of NO.sub.x pollutants and abruptly terminating the primary combustion region while introducing at least one stream of secondary air into the secondary region in an amount sufficient to reduce the overall fuel-air ratio below the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to prevent backflow of the secondary air into the primary combustion region.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to cool a rich burn combustor without extracting excessive amounts of heat and to use the extracted heat. In accordance with the invention, a combustor (10) having a primary combustor (12) and a secondary combustor (13) with a throat (20) between them is provided with a jacket including a wall (27) radially outwardly of a wall (14) of the primary combustor (12). Steam is injected into a manifold (33) at the throat end of combustor (12) and flows in a plurality of spiral paths through the space between walls (14) and (27) to an outlet manifold (32) at the other end of combustor (12) becoming superheated. The superheated steam is employed to drive a stream utilization device. The spiral steam flow paths are established by barriers (38) wound in spiral fashion on the outside of wall (14) of the combustor (12). Another object is to minimize stress on the wall (14) of the primary combustor (12).

Abstract: A burner for burning liquid or gaseous fuels, especially heavy heating oil. A central fuel lance is surrounded by two annular channels that supply primary and secondary combustion air. The annular channels are surrounded by several outer fuel lances that are distributed along the arc of a circle and can optionally be displaced axially and by air nozzles that convey tertiary combustion air. The object is to burn fuel at a low output of pollutants in systems with a narrow combustion space. The burner has an annular flue-gas channel between the outer annular channel and the air nozzles. The burner opens into a chamber that is jacketed in ceramic and that a heat exchanger (flame tube) extends out of. Other nozzles that convey a component of the flow of tertiary air are mounted in the wall of the chamber.

Abstract: In a burner, a combustion cylinder made of a ceramic material is divided into an atomizing chamber and a combustion chamber by a partitioning plate having openings, a fuel injection port of an atomizing device is opened in the combustion chamber, the atomizing device emerging from a corner portion on the downstream side of the combustion cylinder and penetrating through the combustion chamber, an outer cylinder is so arranged as to form an annular air introducing path along the outer circumference of the combustion cylinder, and air introducing holes are formed in the combustion cylinder being tilted along the line of air stream. The outer cylinder is provided with an air intake pipe in the radial direction thereof. The tilting angle of the air introducing holes formed in the combustion cylinder gradually increases starting from a portion opposed to the air intake port formed in the outer cylinder and then gradually decreases as it goes to the side opposite to the air intake port.

Abstract: A burner comprises a fiber wick-filled atomizing chamber formed at an end of a combustion cylinder that constitutes a combustion chamber; a perforated ceramic disc provided in front of the atomizing chamber; and a heating plug that protrudes into the combustion chamber penetrating through the fiber wick and the ceramic disc. The heating plug is constituted by a heater bar composed of a ceramic material in which a heater coil is buried, in such a manner that a portion positioned in the atomizing chamber has a low temperature and an end protruded into the combustion chamber has a high temperature. The atomizing chamber, the combustion chamber and the combustion gas exhaust port are laterally arranged nearly in a horizontal direction, and a fuel feeding port is open at an upper portion of the atomizing chamber. Moreover, an air introducing path is formed between the combustion cylinder and an outer cylinder which surrounds the combustion cylinder.

Abstract: A flame retention head assembly for use in a fuel burner having a fuel nozzle mounted coaxially within an air pipe. This assembly comprises a continuously contoured, outwardly diverging flame retention head mounted concentrically within the air pipe in front of the fuel nozzle. This head successively defines, starting from its inlet end: an air-and-fuel mixture chamber; a first expansion chamber; a throttle and a second expansion chamber. A spinner plate is mounted transversely across the inlet end of the head. This plate comprises a central ring provided with a central hole having a diameter substantially identical to the one of the fuel nozzle, and a plurality of blades regularly distributed around the ring to cause air to enter and swirl into the mixture chamber. A round-shaped deflector is also mounted concentrically transversally within the retention head, to cause the air and fuel entering the head through its inlet end to stay longer within the first or second expansion chamber.

Abstract: A method for burning a fuel, containing chemically bound nitrogen, in a two-stage, rich-lean combustion process, including; introducing the fuel and at least one stream of primary air into a primary combustion region at a fuel-air ratio above the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to intimately mix the fuel and air and establish a stabilized flame adjacent the upstream end of the primary combustion region, maintaining the flame in the primary combustion region for a period of time sufficient to produce a combustion product mixture containing less than a predetermined amount of NO.sub.x pollutants and abruptly terminating the primary combustion region while introducing at least one stream of secondary air into the secondary region in an amount sufficient to reduce the overall fuel-air ratio below the stoichiometric ratio and in a manner to prevent backflow of the secondary air into the primary combustion region.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel reactor is formed from a plurality of concentric casings which form a primary air chamber, a secondary air chamber, a combustion chamber, a gas distribution chamber, and a tertiary air chamber. The flow of gas and air through the various chambers interact to provide controlled flame characteristics. Additionally, the flame is maintained at a lower temperature to avoid the formation of pollutants.

Abstract: A combustor of a gas turbine having a double wall construction in one part of the combustor, wherein an outer plate is formed with a multiplicity of cooling air inlet apertures and an inner plate is formed with a multiplicity of cooling air outlet apertures. The inner and outer plates are connected together by a multiplicity of connectors formed of heat conductive material and define therebetween a space. The cooling air inlet apertures are greater in diameter but smaller in total area than the cooling air outlet apertures which are inclined at an angle of 30 degrees. Cooling air introduced into the space through the cooling air inlet apertures impinge on the inner surface of the inner plate and performs impinge cooling while the connectors perform pin fin cooling. The cooling air also performs film cooling as it flows along the outer surface of the inner plate after cooling the walls of the cooling air outlet apertures while being released.

Abstract: A gasified fuel combustion apparatus is constructed such that an air chamber connected with a blower is provided to surround a cylindrical combustion chamber having an outer wall made of a heat-resistant material. A fuel supplying tube is provided to open tangentially in a closed end portion of the combustion chamber and a plurality of main air blowing holes of a comparatively large diameter are provided through the outer wall of the combustion chamber at positions adjacent to the fuel supplying tube such that the main air blowing holes are inclined to both of the rotating direction of the fuel and the blowing direction of the combustion flame. A number of auxiliary air blowing holes having a comparatively small diameter are also provided through the outer wall of the combustion chamber at positions downstream from the main blowing holes with orientations similar to those of the main air blowing holes.

Abstract: A flame retention head assembly for use in a fuel burner having a fuel nozzle mounted coaxially within an air pipe. This assembly comprises a continuously contoured, outwardly diverging flame retention head mounted concentrically within the air pipe in front of the fuel nozzle. This head successively defines, starting from its inlet end: an air-and-fuel mixture chamber; a first expansion chamber; a throttle and a second expansion chamber. A spinner plate is mounted transversely across the inlet end of the head. This plate comprises a central ring provided with a central hole having a diameter substantially identical to the one of the fuel nozzle, and a plurality of blades regularly distributed around the ring to cause air to enter and swirl into the mixture chamber. A round-shaped deflector is also mounted concentrically transversely within the retention head, to cause the air and fuel entering the head through its inlet end to stay longer within the first or second expansion chamber.

Abstract: A burner assembly includes a register having a circular front wall and an annular side wall; a plurality of cylindrical bluff body elements circumferentially spaced about the annular side wall in a plurality of axially spaced rows for supplying air to the register; fuel supply assemblies which supply at least one of coal, gas and oil to the register for mixing with the air; and a plurality of bluff body discs, each positioned within a respective bluff body element for increasing the velocity and pressure drop of the air entering the register so as to enhance mixing of the fuel and the air within the register, and to reduce the NOx.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for high temperature heating, melting, refining and superheating of materials, such as steel scrap, metals, ceramics or glass. The invention provides an economizing method of hydrocarbon fluid fuel combustion in an ongoing flame in a liquid cooled combustion chamber by separately supplying streams of fuel and at least two oxidizing gases wherein a first oxidizing gas reacts with the fuel, and a second oxidizing gas is directed about the flame core to further react with the fuel, while controlling the flow of the fuel, the oxidizing gases and cooling liquid to provide the required heat input, combustion product chemistry, temperature, velocity, emissivity and combustion block temperature. Also disclosed are burners for carrying out the invention.

Abstract: A flame radiator structure is disclosed for inhibiting formation of oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x) by a combustion system of the type having at least one monoport inshot burner which burns fuel to produce a combustion flame which is projected through an inlet opening into a heat exchanger for the combustion system. The flame radiator structure comprises a perforated, tubular, main body section having open ends and means for attaching this perforated tubular main body section at the inlet to the heat exchanger. Alternating ribs and oblong openings are spaced along side walls of the perforated main body section to stiffen the structure and to allow the structure to safely expand and contract in response to thermal cycling.

Abstract: A high load gas combustion apparatus for use mainly in domestic combustors which require a low noise level and compactness. Some of the air for burning supplied from a fan is suctioned to fuel gas jetted through a nozzle to produce a mixture in a mixing tube section, which is then introduced to a mixture chamber defined by a burner body having a uniform shape in the lengthwise direction. The mixture flows into a downstream combustion chamber at a relatively low speed through a flame port section which is incorporated in the burner body on the downstream side of the mixture chamber, and which comprises a number of flame ports having a large opening ratio. The majority of air is supplied to air chambers on both sides of the mixture chamber partitioned by the burner body therefrom.