Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided by this invention for cleaning of internal combustion engine components. The method consists of heating the components, removing of dry debris from the components by blasting the component with shot and then physically shaking the component to remove the shot from cavities in the article. The apparatus includes a heating unit for heating of the components to a temperature to burn combustible debris and leaving the components coated only with dry debris and debris removing apparatus operating on the heated components. The debris removing apparatus includes an airless shot blast device for throwing of shot against the article and mechanism for support of the article in the path of the shot and revolution of the article about a horizontal axis. A carrier is provided for a plurality of the components and the carrier is supported for revolution about a horizontal axis during blasting with shot and is revolved and oscillated about transverse axes for removing of shot.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: An improved purging process in which purge gas is flowed through a flare system at a sufficient flow rate to minimize or at least acceptably control the rate of back flow of air migration into the exit port of the system. The flow of purge gas is periodically terminated (or reduced) for a predetermined interval of time during which air begins to migrate into the flare system. During this purge gas cessation interval, the flow rate of the flare gas is sensed, and depending upon predetermined flow rate ranges for the flare gas, the purge gas cessation is continued during the cessation interval or a partial purge gas flow is commenced to assure that the total gas flow rate in the system is maintained above a predetermined flow rate. In any event, once the cessation interval of time has lapsed, the full purge gas flow is re-established to assure that air migration is cleared from the system.

Abstract: The combustion gas passages leading to a fluidized bed in a hot water or steam boiler are kept free of deposits which might block them by pulses of gas. The gas pulses may be generated from a pressurized reservoir with periodic or aperiodic openings of a valve in a gas line leading from the reservoir to the passages. Where the bottom of a fluidized bed comprises a pair of plates defining a plenum space therebetween and the combustion gas passages define nozzles extending through the plenum space, combustion air may be fed to the nozzles via the plenum space and the cleaning pulses may also be generated from gas supplied to the plenum space.

Abstract: During the operation of an oxygen-fuel burner the supply of fuel is reduced to generate an oxygen-rich low velocity flame. The excess oxygen of the flame is heated by the flame and oxidizes any slag accumulated on or about the burner.

Abstract: An improved purging process in which purge gas is flowed through a flare system at a sufficient flow rate to minimize or at least acceptably control the rate of back flow of air migration into the exit port of the system. The purge gas is periodically terminated for a predetermined interval of time during which air begins to migrate into the flare system. Before this admittance of air can result in a hazardous condition within the system, the purge gas flow is re-established to sweep the air back out of the system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a combustion apparatus of a fuel vaporizing type wherein fuel is led to a fuel injector for vaporization and the vaporized fuel is fed to a burner via a gas nozzle for combustion. The combustion apparatus features the provision of a device for removing at a high temperature tar attached in the fuel injector. Preferably, the removal of the tar is accomplished by fuel-empty burning. Therefore, there is no possibility that tar is deposited in the fuel injector, resulting in no faulty or incomplete combustion nor an accident to the combustion apparatus. It is further unnecessary to exchange the fuel injector or a vaporizing core installed therein or clear the interior of the fuel injector. The combustion apparatus demands only the fuel-empty burning device for the removal of tar with high temperature heating and is of simple and low cost structure. Controls are further provided for keeping constant the temperature of the fuel injector during fuel-empty burning.

Abstract: A combustion device, especially for slow-to-react pulverized coal or coal dust.

Abstract: NO.sub.x emissions are reduced in the combustion of fuels by carrying out the combustion in at least four serially connected combustion zones, including at least three fuel-rich zones followed by a fuel-lean zone. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, SO.sub.x emissions are reduced in the burning of a normally solid fuel, containing significant amounts of SO.sub.x precursors, by adding a sulfur scavenger to the fuel and thereafter burning the fuel in at least four serially connected combustion zones, including at least three fuel-rich zones followed by a last fuel-lean zone, and carrying out the combustion of the fuel in at least four combustion zones.

Abstract: NO.sub.x emissions are reduced in the combustion of a fuel, containing significant amounts of NO.sub.x precursors, by carrying out the combustion in at least three, serially connected combustion zones in open communication with one another, including at least two fuel-rich zones and a last fuel-lean zone and in the presence of a combustion catalyst added to the fuel adjacent the upstream end of the first of the fuel-rich zones. SO.sub.x emissions are also reduced when burning a fuel, containing significant amounts of SO.sub.x precursors, by additionally adding a sulfur scavenger to the fuel adjacent the upstream end of the first fuel-rich zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and installation for improving the efficiency of a submerged-combustion heating installation. According to the invention, to prevent thermal stresses injurious to the combustion chamber (3) and avoid the production or penetration of vapors into the top part of the chamber (16), the installation is ventilated (7) with air after the burners (1) have been turned off, for at least sufficient time for adequately cooling the walls of the combustion chamber (3).

Abstract: A self cleaning vapor burner for liquid fuel in communication with a combustion chamber. The burner includes an electrically heated evaporating tube. The supply of liquid fuel is periodically interrupted to the evaporating tube wherein the tube is heated to a predetermined cleaning temperature to effect deposits on the evaporating tube wall to ash.

Abstract: A heating system comprising the combination of storage vessels (10, 12) for conventional heating oil and waste oil, respectively, and in which the two storage vessels (10, 12) are effectively sealed apart, one from the other. At the initial stage of heating, conventional heating oil generates temperature of a predetermined amount and the waste oil from vessel (12) is thereafter utilized after having been heated either from a feedback of heat (26, 28) developed by the conventional heating oil from vessel (10) or by a separate electrical resistor element (133), such heating making the waste oil effective as a heating medium. The flows from the two storage vessels (10, 12) containing the waste oil and conventional oil, are pressure controlled (64, 84) so that relief pressure feedback (70, 82) is provided in each distribution network (14, 30).

Abstract: A burner of wick type is disclosed which secures user safety by stopping combustion through an oxygen depletion protection function in the event of an oxygen depletion. When tar is accumulated in the wick, the wick is burnt to clean the tar with the liquid fuel supply cut off, thus burning out the liquid fuel contained in the wick. In the process, the combustion temporarily becomes unstable and a great amount of carbon monoxide is generated, resulting in a state similar to oxygen depletion. In a burner with an oxygen depletion protection function, the combustion is stopped during the wick cleaning, with the result that most of the tar accumulated in the wick remains unburnt, adversely affecting both the fuel absorption characteristic and service life of the wick. This invention is such that the oxygen depletion protection function is not operated during the wick cleaning.

Abstract: A method for improving the flame combustion of carbonaceous fuels. The method enables the reduction of oxides of nitrogen generated by the flame combustion, and enables an improvement in boiler efficiency. An ionic sodium or potassium compound, or a combination of them, is supplied with the combustible mixture of fuel and air so as intimately and uniformly to be present where and when the flame exists. Preferably the compound is supplied in an aqueous solution, and can be intimately mixed with the fuel, or with the atomizing air or steam, or with the combustion air. The process is useful with both single-stage and staged (multiple-staged) combustion systems.

Abstract: An improved boiler purge control in which purging air is forced into the boiler only after the damper is substantially in its high fire position.

Abstract: A system for burning a liquefied gas comprises a burner gun for spraying the liquefied gas into a combustion space, a pump for feeding the gas under pressure, pipe means connecting the burner gun with the pump, and a flow regulating valve provided in the pipe means, wherein the portion of the pipe means downstream from the valve has its inner diameter so determined in relation with the flow rate of the gas that the state of the gas flow through said portion falls within fog flow zone or bubble flow zone on Baker's two-phase flow diagram.In the system of the invention, unstable combustion of the liquefied gas due to vapor lock in the pipe means can be prevented even when the gas supply pressure is below the vapor pressure of the gas. Besides, the calorific value obtained with the system is variable over a wider range than with a conventional system. Thus the system has a remarkable industrial value.

Abstract: Fireside additive is introduced into oil-fired furnace as aqueous solution via oil-water homogenizer feeding to burner.

Abstract: In a flare system for waste gases, apparatus is provided for controlling the flow of purge gas into the flare gas line, as required, and not on a continuing basis. Sensor means are provided for detecting a change in temperature in the flare gas line, and means are provided for controlling the flow of purge gas whenever the temperature in the flare gas line changes to a lower value. No purge gas flow is required when the temperature is constant or when the temperature is rising.

Abstract: In the combustion zone of a furnace burning sulphur-containing fuel, one introduces continuously sodium or potassium nitrate; ammonium nitrate; calcium hydroxide and/or magnesium carbonate; carbon; and ammonium carbonate.A neutralization of acidic sulphur compounds formed by the combustion is achieved, and the boiler is kept free from soot and other deposits.

Abstract: A sleeve and damper to increase the efficiency of oil burner performance designed to substantially enclose the flame. The sleeve is heated by the flame to a temperature sufficiently high to assure automatic ignition of unburned hydrocarbons that may result from incomplete combustion of the fuel oil. By controlling the damper operation in conjunction with an adjustable induction air apparatus, unburned hydrocarbons which would ordinarily result are completely oxidized. The resulting completeness of combustion permits the use of oil as a fuel to heat ovens without imparting any odor or taste to the food products being processed therewithin.

Abstract: An improved premix gas burner design suitable for use in a metal melting furnace which has long service life, a low degree of maintenance, is easily cleared in case of burner blockage, allows inspection of the combustion chamber or furnace interior and still maintains the desired turndown capabilities of premix gas burners. These results are achieved by providing usual and/or physical access to the interior of the burner through a novel access tunnel and by providing a dual composition refractory combustion chamber.

Abstract: Arsenic containing fuel compositions are disclosed that will, upon combination, leave an ash that retains substantial proportions of said arsenic, thereby reducing its dissemination into the atmosphere. This result is obtained by adding to the fuel small amounts of a Mg, Ba, Zn, or Ni component. Also disclosed are certain fuel compositions containing both Mg and Zn additives that produce an ash containing arsenic in an essentially insoluble form.

Abstract: A device in connection with a combustion system using fossil fuels which introduces a controlled amount of water vapor bearing trace amounts of selected carbon removing cleaning agents for improving efficiency.

Abstract: A method of actuating means for detecting radiant heat from a source thereof with the detecting means having a pair of metallic strips with adjacent oppositely spaced portions thereof interconnected. This method includes the steps of: shielding at least a part of one of the strips from the radiant heat source while subjecting the other of the strips thereto for effecting relative elongation of the strips and causing one of the interconnected adjacent oppositely spaced portions of the strips to pivot relative to the other of the interconnected adjacent oppositely spaced portions thereof; and effecting the movement of means toward at least one position for controlling an electrical circuit in response to the pivotal movement of the strips.A system is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a process and apparatus for the production of finely-divided metal and metalloid oxides by flame hydrolysis of corresponding metal and metalloid halides whereby burner fouling is minimized and burner fabrication is facilitated by transpiration of a fuel gas or vapor along the boundaries of each halide-containing stream as it is discharged from the burner into a reaction zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to the inhibition of corrosion in fuels, for example, in residual fuels, such as in those fuels used in steam boilers, process heaters and gas turbines, etc., by adding Mg/Si/Mn combinations thereto. Mg/Si/Mn combinations are not only very effective in inhibiting both corrosion and slag at high Na/V ratios but also produce other benefits including the reduction in smoke emissions when the fuel is combusted at improper fuel/air ratios.

Abstract: Fuel gas produced e.g. in a fluid bed gasifier and which comprises deposit-forming materials such as heavy hydrocarbons (e.g. tars) and non-combustible fines is passed via conduits and solid-removing cyclones to a burner for admixture with air and subsequent combustion. Deposits formed in the conduits cyclones and burner are removed by closing off the burner outlet and air inlet, and passing a deposit-removing reactant (e.g. air) into the conduit to oxidize and thereby remove deposits, particularly from the cyclones. Preferably, there are at least two burners for the fuel gas, and they are closed off alternately to remove deposits from their respective conduits and cyclones.

Abstract: Apparatus to burn liquid fuels in a gaseous fuel burner, which includes preparatory apparatus for the atomization of liquid fuel oil preferably by steam, and the heating of the fuel droplets and steam so as to completely vaporize the liquid fuel. If atomization is by other means, steam is added prior to vaporization heating. The resulting oil vapor-steam mixture then goes to a burner which utilizes the central orifice of a conventional gas burner, plus an annular orifice concentric with the gas orifice, through which steam is supplied. Primary air is induced into the burner tube due to the high velocity jets of steam and of oil vapor-steam. The steam protects the hot vapor from the air until the combination issues from the end of the burner tube. For the use of gaseous fuel, the same burner is utilized except that the steam flow is turned off since the steam is not needed for the induction of the primary air, due to the higher velocity of the jets of gas.

Abstract: A combustion system for combusting materials containing radioactive nuclides to permit recovery of the radioactive nuclides. The system comprises a primary combustion zone in which the sample material is initially combusted and from which the combustion products are continuously exhausted. The exhaust products from this primary combustion zone are passed through a secondary combustion zone in which uncombusted materials in the exhaust products are combusted. In the secondary combustion zone, the exhaust products from the primary zone are directed in a helical path so that centrifugal forces drive the gases and any particulate matter entrained therein toward the walls of the secondary zone while intimately mixing the materials with each other to achieve rapid and complete combustion. The secondary combustion zone preferably comprises a helical tube which is heated by passing an electric current through the walls thereof. The helical path preferably has a radius of curvature of less than about 1.