Abstract: A method for heating a blast furnace stove includes combusting fuel in a combustion chamber in the stove, providing combustion gases from the combustion chamber to heat refractory material in the stove, recirculating exhausted combustion gases into the combustion chamber, enriching the combustion chamber with oxygen sufficient for maintaining combustion in the combustion chamber without damaging the refractory material in the stove.

Abstract: An insert for a radiant tube of a furnace including a first section adapted to absorb heat from combustion gases passing through the radiant tube and radiantly transfer the heat to a wall of the radiant tube and a second section for directing heat and gases in the radiant tube toward the first section of the insert and a system including a radiant tube and one or more such inserts. Also, a method of improving heat transfer from a radiant tube of a furnace to the material being heated including supplying an insert as described above and placing the insert into the radiant tube such that the first section corresponds to a portion of the radiant tube that is closest to the material being heated. Also, an insert for a radiant tube of a furnace including a ceramic body and a metal deposited on the surface of the ceramic body.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to perform temperature setting of a heating plate so that a wafer is uniformly heated in an actual heat processing time. The temperature of a wafer is measured during a heat processing period from immediately after a temperature measuring wafer is mounted on the heating plate to the time when the actual heat processing time elapses. Whether the uniformity in temperature within the wafer is allowable or not is determined from the temperature of the wafer in the heat processing period, and if the determination result is negative, a correction value for a temperature setting parameter of the heating plate is calculated using a correction value calculation model from the measurement result, and the temperature setting parameter is changed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion method which is performed in a furnace that is equipped with energy recovery means and burners, whereby the heat from the combustion fumes is recovered by energy recovery means and said recovered heat is used in order to heat the air. According to the invention, at least part of the burners performs the combustion of an oxygen-rich comburent and a fuel and at least part of the air heated by the energy recovery means is used to heat the oxygen-rich comburent and/or fuel for the burners.

Abstract: A heating storage structure includes a plurality of mounting parts each including a mounting face on which articles to be heated are mounted, which is a part of the surface of the mounting part; and a fixing part to which the plurality of mounting parts are detachably fixed so that the plurality of mounting parts are stacked while each of spaces S1 to S4 is left between the mounting face of one of the mounting parts and the mounting part disposed adjacent to the one mounting part, and the plurality of mounting parts include a mounting part provided with the mounting face having a thermal emissivity which is different from that of the mounting face of another mounting part.

Abstract: A gas cooking grill is disclosed. The cooking grill has a firebox having a combustive heat source near the bottom therein, a cooking surface disposed along an upper portion of the firebox, and a convex intermediate element interposing the burner and the cooking surface, the intermediate element having an apex near the cooking surface and sides spaced apart from the cooking surface.

Abstract: A device for continuous heat-treating of at least two multilayer bodies on at least two process levels disposed one beneath another in at least one heating chamber and at least one cooling chamber, which are arranged one after another is described. The heating chamber of the device has a first process level and a second process level. The cooling chamber of the device has a cooling device, the first process level and the second process level.

Abstract: Equipment and a method for preheating a continuously moving steel strip, in particular before feeding the same into a continuous annealing or hot-dip galvanizing furnace, involves the continuous movement of the steel strip in a preheating chamber including a preheating circuit having at least one preheating tube, the inner surface of which is in contact with externally-recovered burnt gases (e.g. from the furnace). A portion of the outer surface of the preheating tube is disposed directly opposite a surface of the strip in order to provide a first preheating mode by irradiating heat onto the strip and the walls of the chamber, and a second preheating mode, mainly by convection, of a gas constituting a controlled atmosphere in the preheating chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus for uniform reactive thermal treatment of thin-film materials includes a chamber enclosing a tube shaped space filled with a work gas and heaters disposed outside the chamber. The apparatus further includes a loading configuration for subjecting a plurality of planar substrates to the work gas in the tube shaped space. Baffles are disposed above and below the loading configuration.

Abstract: A radiant panel for use in radiant heating and cooling systems that provides numerous benefits over conventional panels currently in use. The radiant panel comprises an offset hydronic radiant tube channel in which is nested a hydronic radiant tube that obviates the need to thread the hydronic tubes through the joists in a ceiling installation or the studs in a wall installation. In an alternative embodiment, specific emissivity coatings on each side of the radiant panel further promote the efficient transfer of heat. The system provides increased sound isolation and is robust enough to withstand the crushing forces associated with a floor installation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the flow of combustion air, fuel and products of combustion in a heater and equalizing radiant heat flux by providing a structure on one or more of the heater walls that attaches the boundary layer and main flow to the heater wall and increases wall surface area and view angles.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a base recipe for a product introduced into a processor, includes providing a base recipe used by the processor on the product, identifying at least one parameter of the base recipe to be altered to compensate for at least one corresponding physical parameter of the product discharged from the processor, automatically changing the base recipe in response to the at least one altered parameter to compensate for the at least one physical parameter of the product discharged, and processing new product introduced into the processor with the changed base recipe.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus for a semiconductor device that includes a bake chamber for a wafer with a coating film formed thereon to be baked at a predetermined temperature, a cooling chamber connected to the bake chamber, a first carrying unit for the baked wafer to be carried in the cooling chamber, a first temperature control unit for the wafer carried by the first carrying unit to be cooled down, and an unloading gate for unloading the wafer cooled down from the cooling chamber.

Abstract: A method for the temperature control and/or regulation of a heating device (10) for preforms (46) made from a thermoplastic material, the method being intended for controlling the temperature of the preforms (46) prior to a subsequent blow molding or stretch blow molding process. The temperature control process includes at least two distinct, consecutive heating stages (12, 14). At least one temperature reading of the preforms after the first heating stage is taken, and deviations of the at least one temperature reading from a specified set point temperature is determined, a first temperature reading of the at least one temperature reading being taken after the first heating stage. Radiators in the second heating stage are regulated or adjusted as a function of the first temperature reading and temperature deviations of the preforms from the specified set point temperature are compensated for prior to exit of the preforms from the heating device.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to perform temperature setting of a heating plate so that a wafer is uniformly heated in an actual heat processing time. The temperature of a wafer is measured during a heat processing period from immediately after a temperature measuring wafer is mounted on the heating plate to the time when the actual heat processing time elapses. Whether the uniformity in temperature within the wafer is allowable or not is determined from the temperature of the wafer in the heat processing period, and if the determination result is negative, a correction value for a temperature setting parameter of the heating plate is calculated using a correction value calculation model from the measurement result, and the temperature setting parameter is changed.

Abstract: A heating storage structure 1 includes a plurality of mounting parts 5 each including a mounting face 9 on which articles 31 to be heated are mounted, which is a part of the surface of the mounting part; and a fixing part 7 to which the plurality of mounting parts 5 are detachably fixed so that the plurality of mounting parts 5 are stacked while each of spaces S1 to S4 is left between the mounting face 9 of one of the mounting parts 5 and the mounting part 5 disposed adjacent to the one mounting part 5, and the plurality of mounting parts 5 include a mounting part 5b provided with the mounting face 9 having a thermal emissivity which is different from that of the mounting face 9 of another mounting part 5a.

Abstract: A method for operating a continuous annealing or galvanizing line for a metal strip, uses a direct flame heating section with an upstream zone and a downstream zone. The direct flame heating section is followed by a radiant tube heating section. The metal strip is indirectly heated in the direct flame heating section. The heating of the metal strip is achieved in the upstream zone by combustion of a mixture of atmospheric air and fuel such that the temperature of the combustion gas is between 1250° C. and 1500° C., preferably close to 1350° C. and in the downstream zone, the heating of the metal strip is achieved by combustion of a superoxygenated substoichiometric mixture of air and fuel such that the temperature of the combustion gas achieved at the end of the upstream zone is maintained until the end of the downstream zone of the direct flame heating section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for toasting a barrel, in particular, toasting the inside surface of an oak wine barrel. The invention is intended for use in a mobile wine barrel reconditioning system, however, may equally well be used in the manufacture of new barrels. The toasting apparatus includes a plurality of radially disposed infrared heating elements configured to be insertable and removable from inside said barrel, and a means of rotatably oscillating said heating means by a predetermined angle to facilitate uniform heating of said inside surface.

Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus and associated method are provided for heating a substrate. The apparatus includes a processing chamber containing a process space, first and second substrate supports, and first and second heating sources. The first substrate support is configured to support the substrate in a spaced relationship with the first heating source to define a heat exchange gap and to transfer heat energy through the heat exchange gap to elevate a temperature of the substrate to an offset temperature below a process target temperature. The second substrate support is configured to support the substrate in a spaced relationship with a second heating source to define a heat exchange gap between the second heating source and the substrate and to transfer heat energy through the heat exchange gap to elevate the temperature of the substrate from the offset temperature to the process target temperature in controlled increments.

Abstract: A gas cooking grill is disclosed. The cooking grill has a firebox having a combustive heat source near the bottom therein, a cooking surface disposed along an upper portion of the firebox, and a convex intermediate element interposing the burner and the cooking surface, the intermediate element having an apex near the cooking surface and sides spaced apart from the cooking surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiant-heating device for heating an industrial furnace using radiated heat. A first burner unit (1) comprises a first burner (2), which heats an air mixture by burning a fuel (6), a first air supplier (60), via which the first burner (2) is supplied with fresh air, and a first elongated radiant-heating pipe (20), which includes a rearward end (20a) connected with the first burner (2) and a forward end (20b) spaced from the rearward end (20a) and in which the hot exhaust gas generated by the first burner (2) flows from the rearward end (20a) to the forward end (20b) of the first radiant-heating pipe (20) and supplies heat energy along this path to the pipe wall of the first radiant-heating pipe (20). A second burner unit (1?) is constructed like the first burner unit (1).

Abstract: The subject invention provides devices and methods for heating pipes, tubing or similar equipment. More specifically, the subject invention pertains to devices and methods for heating pipes, tubing or similar equipment to melt-out blockages, such as for example, bitumen blockages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and devices for short-time heat treatment and/or quenching of bulk materials and can be used for the chemical, food, wood and other industries. The inventive method for a pulse heat treatment of bulk materials consists in evaporating surface moisture, rapidly heating to a required temperature and in subsequently cooling by supplying particles to a rotating surface whose temperature is greater than 100° C., wherein the contact of particles with the hot surface is carried out by means of centrifugal forces, the time of contact and a pressure force are controlled by modifying the speed of rotation of the hot surface and the particle quenching stage is carried out on a cooling plate by the rapid cooling said particles and collecting a final product in an accumulator.

Abstract: A heat exchanger device is configured for use with a catalytic heater having a planar heat radiating surface. The device includes an inlet header, an outlet header and heat exchanger tubes communicating therebetween. A frame supports the headers and the heat exchanger tubes to extend across the heat radiating surface of the catalytic heater. The frame is particularly suited for being supported on a Cata-Dyne™ type heater.

Abstract: A reactor combustion control method using a high temperature air combustion technology capable of reducing a temperature difference in a reactor without producing cracking and caulking in reaction tubes and the reactor controlled by using the method, the reactor wherein second burners (8) are disposed in a space formed between two or more reaction tubes (7) adjacent to each other so as to inject fuel in the extending direction of the reaction tubes (7).

Abstract: Modern drying units for gypsum plaster board have a feed device, comprising several roller feed units (1) arranged in levels one above the other. The drying section is generally divided into several zones (3 to 7), in particular three longitudinally ventilated zones (4 to 6), being two high temperature zones (4, 5) and a subsequent low temperature zone (6). Due to the high production capacity of the upline production plant and the necessarily long residence time, drying units are very long. According to the invention, black boards (19) are arranged above and below the individual roller feed units (1) in the high temperature zones (4, 5), which extend across the width of the roller feed units (1). The boards (19) are heated exclusively by means of the flowing drying air to an elevated temperature, and transmit additional heat to the through-flowing gypsum plaster board (16) by radiation. It is possible to reduce the length of the drying unit due to the increased heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: Modern drying units for gypsum plaster board have a feed device, comprising several roller feed units (1) arranged in levels one above the other. The drying section is generally divided into several zones (3 to 7), in particular three longitudinally ventilated zones (4 to 6), being two high temperature zones (4, 5) and a subsequent low temperature zone (6). Due to the high production capacity of the upline production plant and the necessarily long residence time, drying units are very long. According to the invention, black boards (19) are arranged above and below the individual roller feed units (1) in the high temperature zones (4, 5), which extend across the width of the roller feed units (1). The boards (19) are heated exclusively by means of the flowing drying air to an elevated temperature, and transmit additional heat to the through-flowing gypsum plaster board (16) by radiation. It is possible to reduce the length of the drying unit due to the increased heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a pin shaped thermoplastic material is provided including a quartz tube, a heat radiator and a securing mechanism. The quartz tube has tube ends and is helix shaped. The heat radiator is arranged in the quartz tube and includes an electrical resistance wire connected to a power supply. The securing mechanism is a heat resistant element connected to the quartz tube that secures the part to be heated relative to the quartz tube along an axis of the quartz tube and heats the plastic part. The quartz tube and/or the part to be heated are moveable. An apparatus is also provided for heating a number of pin shaped plastic parts simultaneously. In addition, a method for heating one or more pin shaped plastic parts is also provided.

Abstract: An element control system (32) that reduces the effects on image quality of thermal distortions in an optical element (28) of a lithography system (10) includes a heat source (50) that primarily heats a non-illuminated region (44) of the optical element (28) to alter and/or control the shape of the illuminated part of the optical element (28). The heat source (50) directs heat to the non-illuminated region (44) and/or an illuminated region (42) to simplify and/or alter the shape of thermal distortions aberrations in the optical element (28).

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for carrying out combustion in a furnace having porous walls with a large surface area in a combustion zone in which a low velocity oxidant stream is injected through at least one oxidant injection side of the porous walls into the combustion zone, a fuel stream through at least fuel injection side directed toward the oxidant injection side and mixing the low velocity oxidant and fuel stream to create a flame with reduced flame temperature.

Abstract: A high-temperature, non-catalytic, infrared heater is formed within a housing having a bottom and at least one side lined with a refractory material. The burner includes a burner surface area and is positioned within the housing. A re-radiating surface is positioned above the burner and comprises a mesh having a re-radiating surface area greater than the burner surface area with the re-radiating surface operating between approximately 400° F. and 2200° F.

Abstract: A high-temperature, non-catalytic, infrared heater is formed within a housing having a bottom and at least one side lined with a refractory material. The burner includes a burner surface area and is positioned within the housing. A re-radiating surface is positioned above the burner and comprises a mesh having a re-radiating surface area greater than the burner surface area with the re-radiating surface operating between approximately 400° F. and 2200° F.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for carrying out combustion in a furnace having porous walls with a large surface area comprising providing a combustion zone containing an atmosphere of furnace gases. A low velocity oxidant stream is injected through at least one oxidant injection side of the porous walls into the combustion zone and mixing furnace gases with the oxidant stream in a mixing zone within the combustion zone to produce an oxidant mixture. A fuel stream is injected through at least one fuel injection side adjacent to the oxidant injection side in the combustion zone. The oxidant mixture is mixed with the fuel stream to create a fuel-oxidant mixture.

Abstract: A high-temperature, non-catalytic, infrared heater is formed within a housing having a bottom and at least one side lined with a refractory material. The burner includes a burner surface area and is positioned within the housing. A re-radiating surface is positioned above the burner and comprises a mesh having a re-radiating surface area greater than the burner surface area with the re-radiating surface operating between approximately 400° F. and 2200°F.

Abstract: A soil remediation system having apparatus for decontaminating particulate matter or dust entrained in and exhausted with a hot gas stream from a rotary drum wherein the particulate matter is subjected to heat-loss through an outer cylindrical wall of the drum. The system includes an inclined drum having a burner arrangement for directing a flame and hot gas stream into and axially through the drum ro remediate soil being processed through the drum, and dust decontamination apparatus including a fixed sleeve concentric with a downstream end of the drum such that an annular cavity is formed between the sleeve and the drum, and a filtering arrangement adapted to receive the hot gas stream as the hot gas stream is exhausted from the drum and to remove particulate matter entrained therein.

Abstract: A catalytic heater includes a catalyst, for the combustion of a gaseous hydrocarbon in air, supported on a catalyst support. Fuel diffuses into the catalyst support from one (proximal) side. Air diffuses into the catalyst support from the other (distal) side. The catalytic combustion of the fuel heats the catalyst support. The resulting infrared radiation from the distal side of the catalyst support is directed at an object to be heated, for example the fluid chamber of a boiler. A modular boiler includes several catalytic heaters, with the distal sides of their catalyst supports facing a chamber wherethrough a fluid such as water is conducted and heated by the infrared radiation from the heaters.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an indirect-fired, stationary tube, gas/solids or solids/solids, full ceramic pyroprocessing furnace-reactor that uses heat-resistant conveyors to propel solids through the stationary tube.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x, integrated boiler-burner cogeneration apparatus includes a horizontally fired, factory assembled package boiler having an inlet plenum and a furnace space. A gas turbine-generator having an outlet for providing turbine exhaust gas to the furnace space is connected to the boiler. A multi-nozzle burner (MNB) array including a plurality of vertically and horizontally spaced burner nozzles is located at an entrance to the furnace space for supplying fuel for combustion into the furnace space while distributing the heat of the combustion exhaust gases across the furnace space to minimize NO.sub.x formation. One or more chill tube assemblies are located within the furnace space immediately downstream of the MNB array for rapidly reducing the temperature of the combustion exhaust gases.

Abstract: A heating device including a first exothermic member disposed below a subject to be heated for preventing heat radiation from the subject while heating the subject from below, a second exothermic member disposed above the subject for preventing heat radiation from the subject while heating the subject from above, and a base or sandwiching and supporting body for bearing the subject sandwiched between the first exothermic member and the second exothermic member while securing a space under the first exothermic member. The heating device is convenient to carry about and capable of easily heating a food or the like without rapidly generating a great amount of heat.

Abstract: A roller conveyor furnace (12) for heating flat glass sheets has top and bottom heating arrays (28,30) respectively located above and below the plane of conveyance with each heating array including a plurality of elongated heaters (32,34) extending parallel to the direction of conveyance and spaced laterally from each other with respect to the direction of conveyance. The top heating array (28) has one more heater (32) than the number of heaters (34) of the bottom heating array (30) and the bottom heaters (34) are located in a laterally staggered relationship with respect to the top heaters such that each bottom heater is located laterally between a pair of top heaters. A control (36) energizes the top and bottom heating arrays (28,30) to heat each bottom heater (34) only when the two top heaters 32 on opposite lateral sides thereof are heated to thereby prevent excessive lateral edge heating of the conveyed glass sheet.

Abstract: A core 6 is disposed inside of and spaced from a hollow plastic preform 1 subjected to external infrared radiation 4 including a first wavelength B.sub.1 that is absorbed by and heats the plastic, and a second wavelength B.sub.2 that propagates through the wall 2 of the preform. The propagated radiation 12 is converted into the first wavelength by the surface 7 of the core, and reemitted at 13 back towards the preform to heat its internal surface 8 to a higher temperature than its external surface 10. The preform may be axially rotated with the core stationary to implement uniform angular heating. Alternatively, the core may be irregularly configured and/or surface treated, with both the core and preform rotated in synchronism.

Abstract: A heater for radiant heating of an object in a heating tunnel, furnace or the like has a layer of ceramic fibers through which a fuel/air mixture is fed for combustion at the surface and use of the heater as a gas burner. Partly embedded in the surface is an electrical-resistance heater which is heated up by the burner action and then can be energized to provide controlled heating of the object when the gas is shut off. A flow of cooling air through the heater can terminate the heating operation and rapidly quench the heater.

Abstract: The invention discloses an apparatus and process for destroying pathogens and dehydrating streams of waste in one, continous process. More particularly, the invention contains an auger with specially modified, variably angled blades which agitates a stream of waste. Also, contained in tandem with the auger, a series of variably angled infrared radiate elements are positioned above the augar exposing the moving stream of waste to radiation. Thus, as the waste stream is transported along, the auger blades continually expose the waste stream to the radiation, thereby killing the entrapped pathogens and evaporating the insitu water. Further, the auger and infrared radiation heater elements are encased in a sealed trough, thus sealing in the heat being generated by this process. By sealing the trough, the heat provides excess energy to aid in destroying pathogens and evaporating the insitu water contained in the waste stream, until the water content is less than or equal to five per cent (5%) by unit volume.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decontaminating soil that has been contaminated with vaporizable contaminants are disclosed. Contaminated soil is conveyed through a treatment vessel by means of an auger that has internal passages therein with a hot heat transfer fluid flowing through such passages. As the contaminated soil passes through the treatment vessel, it is heated to a point where the contaminants are vaporized and are withdrawn from the treatment vessel. The vaporized contaminants can be processed in suitable equipment to safely recover or dispose of such contaminants. Air is added to the interior of the treatment vessel from the atmosphere. Appropriate control means are present for controlling the amount of air added to the treatment vessel to ensure that the oxygen level in the mixture of vaporized contaminates and air does not fall within a flamable or explosive range. Following the vaporization of the contaminates from the soil, the thus treated soil is removed from the treatment vessel.

Abstract: A gas burner assembly for a baking furnace is described. It includes a burner tube having an open outer end and an open inner end, with the inner end being arranged to extend through an opening in a furnace wall. A connector is provided for connecting the burner tube to a fuel supply and an infra-red pyrometer is mounted at the outer end of the tube. The pyrometer is axially aligned with the burner tube such that in use the pyrometer is sighted axially through the burner tube and onto an internal furnace wall. This gas burner assembly is particularly useful for heating the flue of a ring furnace used in the production of carbon anodes in the aluminum industry.

Abstract: In order to melt and discharge solid and highly viscous products from barrels, the barrels are opened and placed upside down on a foraminous frame. The frame with the barrels placed thereon is then inserted through the open top of a heated vessel defining a heating chamber therein. After covering the top of the vessel, the heating chamber is heated so that the product melts and flows out of the barrels, through the frame and is discharged from the vessel. The discharged product may be stored in a heated storage container.

Abstract: A device for heating a flow of substantially pure gas flowing in a flow direction to temperatures above about 600.degree. C. is disclosed. The device includes a heat exchanger having a heat exchanger surface extending transversely to the flow direction whereby the substantially pure gas flows across the heat exchanger surface. The heat exchanger is made of a ceramic material for heating the pure gas without contaminating the gas flow. An infrared radiation source arranged outside of the flow of pure gas irradiates the heat exchanger surface.

Abstract: A heating mantle for heating materials in a retort includes a housing for a chamber holding the retort, a source of hot gases and a porous wall. The gases pass through the porous will which heats the retort. The heating takes place in a so-called porous wall radiation barrier process. In the first step, the gases passing through the wall heating it be convection. In the second stage, the heated porous wall radiates heat towards said retort.

Abstract: Radioactive alkali metal is introduced into a cyclone reactor in droplet form by an aspirating gas. In the cyclone metal reactor the aspirated alkali metal is contacted with silica powder introduced in an air stream to form in one step a glass. The sides of the cyclone reactor are preheated to ensure that the initial glass formed coats the side of the reactor forming a protective coating against the reactants which are maintained in excess of 1000.degree. C. to ensure the formation of glass in a single step.

Abstract: A flueless, low nitrogen oxides emissions, low carbon monoxide emissions space heater having a fuel chamber with a fuel inlet and a fuel distributor. The fuel inlet generates a swirling fuel flow within the fuel chamber. A primary air inlet generates a counter-swirling primary airflow with respect to the swirling fuel flow in a primary air chamber. The fuel distributor discharges the swirling fuel flow into the counter-swirling primary airflow thus forming a fuel/air mixture. An ignitor ignites the fuel/air mixture. A combustion chamber is sealably secured to and in communication with the primary air chamber. The combustion chamber wall has a plurality of secondary air supply holes. An intermediate shell surrounds the combustion chamber wall and forms a space between the intermediate shell and the combustion chamber wall. A secondary air inlet is in communication with the space between the intermediate shell and the combustion chamber wall. An outer protective shell surrounds the intermediate shell.