Abstract: An apparatus and a method is provided for continuously drying bulk goods, in particular wood fibers and/or wood chips, in a dryer, wherein the drying vapors are led to a dryer circuit, in which the drying vapors are indirectly heated via a heat-exchanger and are conducted to the dryer again.

Abstract: A spray drying system for drying wastewater to be dried includes: an exhaust as introduction line for introducing the exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust gas generation source, the exhaust gas introduction line being connected to a plurality of exhaust gas ducts for allowing the exhaust gas to flow through; and at least one spray drying device connected to the exhaust gas introduction line and configured to bring the exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust gas introduction line into contact with the wastewater. The number of spray drying device is smaller than the number of the plurality of exhaust gas ducts.

Abstract: A method for detecting an analyte comprises providing a first carbon-based material comprising reactive chemistry additives, providing conductive electrodes connected to the first carbon-based material, exposing the first carbon-based material to an analyte, applying a plurality of alternating currents having a range of frequencies across the conductive electrodes, and measuring the complex impedance of the first carbon-based material using the plurality of alternating currents.

Abstract: An industrial oven includes an oven chamber configured to receive a plurality of workpieces for drying or curing. A heater box of the oven has a heating element therein operable to heat air for delivery to the oven chamber. A circulation system of the oven is operable to force hot air from the heater box into the oven chamber. A VOC oxidation catalyst is provided in the circulation system.

Abstract: Provided is an oven that includes an oven chamber with an oven wall that defines apertures through which the product passes to repeatedly enter and exit the oven chamber during treatment. A vestibule chamber is disposed adjacent to the oven wall and encloses a return air duct that draws in ambient air entering the vestibule chamber and the process gas entering the vestibule chamber from the oven chamber through at least one of the apertures in the oven wall. A nozzle is provided externally of the vestibule chamber and oven chamber in fluid communication with the return air duct. The nozzle receives gas drawn in by the return air duct and directs the combination generally toward at least one aperture formed in the vestibule chamber through which ambient air can enter the vestibule chamber to form an air curtain adjacent to the at least one aperture.

Abstract: Efficient biomass conversion systems, methods and apparatus utilize a fast pyrolysis unit installed at a sawmill or similar location where substantial quantities of biomass are generated, with the biomass generated at the sawmill fed into the fast pyrolysis unit under pyrolytic reaction conditions, and with exhaust gases containing entrained matter resulting from the pyrolytic reactions being separated into constituent char and bio-fuel constituents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pressing arrangement for treatment of articles by hot pressing and in particular to a pressing arrangement for hot isostatic pressing of containers holding substances. The method comprises: placing containers including the substance in a load compartment in the furnace and loading a pressure medium into the pressure vessel and substantially all pressure medium flowing out from the furnace chamber (18) passes at least one substance capturing module, which may include the walls of the guiding passage, at least one condensation element (35) in the guiding passage, filters (41, 43) arranged in the guiding passage, before making contact with the pressure vessel including the top and bottom closures (8, 9).

Abstract: In the method according to the invention for producing cement clinker, raw cement meal is preheated in a preheater, the preheated raw cement meal is precalcined in a calciner and the precalcined raw cement meal is burnt in a kiln, fuel and combustion air having an oxygen content of at least 75 mol % being used in the calciner, and the raw cement meal being precalcined in a fluidised bed in the calciner. The exhaust gases occurring in the kiln are delivered to the preheater, bypassing the calciner, and the exhaust gases of the calciner are delivered to a CO2 preparation device.

Abstract: In a device for restricting hot, dust-laden gas flows and, in particular, dust-laden hot cooling air from clinker coolers (4) in a tertiary air duct (5) of a clinker kiln, the restrictor (6) is formed by segments (8) which are displaceable transversely to the direction of flow in a duct (5) and which are connectable with one another.

Abstract: It is described an integrated process for the production of clinker by dry process, with treatment in continuous of by-pass dusts produced by the kiln, wherein the solid matter to treat consists of bypass dusts of a clinker production process, containing compounds of chloride, sodium, potassium and sulphur, such a process comprising the following steps: a) extraction of the bypass dusts directly from the phase of quench, without intermediate storage, at a temperature comprised between 150 and 200° C., with a moisture content varying from 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, and with a quantity of calcium carbonate lower than 55% by weight; b) mixing of said dusts coming from step a), within a maximum time comprised between 2 and 10 minutes, preferably lower than about 5 minutes, with water up to a water/dusts ratio varying from 2:1 to 4:1, preferably from 2.5:1 to 3.

Abstract: A system for ashing carbon includes a vertically oriented burner column having a first end and an opposing end with an interior chamber therebetween. The burner column has an aperture at the first end and a suction port proximal to the second end, the aperture and the suction port in communication with the interior chamber. The system also comprises a porous media screen located in the interior chamber and positioned between the first end and the second end of the burner column. The media screen is adapted to hold ignited carbon containing a precious metal therein. The system also contains a pump that is coupled to the suction port. The pump is configured to apply a negative pressure to the interior chamber of the burner column to draw air into the interior chamber via the aperture. The drawn air passes through the ignited carbon at a desired flow rate to achieve a temperature of the carbon suitable for ashing the carbon.

Abstract: To produce cement clinker by baking of raw meal in a kiln, use is conventionally made of a raw meal preheater in which the heat of the flue gas emerging from the kiln is transferred to the raw meal. In order to remove impurities which accumulate in circulation between the kiln and the raw meal preheater, a part of the flue gas is extracted from the kiln, bypassing the raw meal preheater. The heat generated during the baking of cement clinker can be used particularly efficiently if the flue gases extracted and diverted past the raw meal pre-heater are used in a boiler to generate hot steam which can subsequently be expanded in a turbine.

Abstract: There is provided a cement plant including a chlorine bypass apparatus capable of efficiently reducing the chlorine concentration in a cement kiln due to exhaust gas extraction by a small amount, by preventing calciner exhaust gas low in chlorine concentration from contamination and extracting a part of kiln exhaust gas high in chlorine concentration. In the invention, a baffle wall 20 which protrudes, on a lower face 16a of an exhaust duct 16 of a calciner connected to the pipe inclination part 14 of an exhaust gas pipe 9 rising from a kiln inlet part 2 of a cement kiln 1, toward a pipe inclination part 14 side at an inclination angle a within a range of 20 to 60° relative to the horizontal plane, and a spacing between a lower end edge 20a of the baffle wall and an opposite wall plane 14a of the pipe inclination part is configured such that an average flow rate of the exhaust gas between the both falls within a range of 15 to 35 m/s.

Abstract: A method and a device remove mercury from exhaust gases during a production of cement clinker. The device contains a pre-heating stage, a feed point for raw materials required for the production of the cement clinker, a rotary kiln for burning the raw materials, a filter stage for removing dust from the exhaust gases conducted in the main flow, and a raw mix mill for partially mill drying the raw materials. A circuit for the mercury in the exhaust gases is formed between the pre-heating stage and the raw mix mill or the filter stage. To achieve good mercury removal at low cost, a sub-flow of 1 to 30 volume percent of the exhaust gases is branched off from the main flow of the exhaust gases having a temperature of at least 300° C. A separator and thereafter at least one stage for removing mercury are arranged in the sub-flow.

Abstract: In a device for baking of clinker in a clinker, the heat generated in the furnace can be used in a particularly efficient and versatile manner if heat generated in the furnace is transferred, by means of a first heat exchanger, to a heat carrier fluid, the heated heat carrier fluid is transported through at least one line to at least one second heat exchanger, and the heat is then discharged to a heat sink, for example in order to heat a flow of flue gas to a temperature required for the dentitrifiaction thereof.

Abstract: A system for the thermal preparation of reclaimed road material containing PAHs, or of oil sludge having a loading station for pre-comminuted reclaimed road material or oil sludge, a rotary kiln in which the reclaimed road material or the oil sludge is burned, while oxidation air is fed in, a dust separator to which the flue gases produced in the rotary kiln are fed, an after-burner to which the flue gases leaving the dust separator are fed, and a filter to which the flue gases arising in the after-burning means are fed. These components are divided into a plurality of modules, each of which includes a weight and dimension such that each may individually be transported using conventional road transport means, in particular low loaders or heavy goods vehicles.

Abstract: A spray drying apparatus includes: a gas inlet provided in a side wall in the vicinity of a top (lid) portion of the spray drying apparatus, for introducing a flue gas for drying a spray of dehydrated filtrate; flow-adjusting plates provided in a body of the spray drying apparatus, for decelerating the introduced flue gas so as to change the flow of the flue gas to a laminar flow; a spray nozzle for spraying the dehydrated filtrate from the desulfurization waste water into the flue gas having been changed to the laminar flow; and a joining unit for joining a bottom portion of the body of the spray drying apparatus to a gas supply line that is a main flue gas duct for the flue gas so as to discharge spray-dried solids to the main flue gas duct.

Abstract: A system for capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas exhausted from a burner. The system may generally include a solid sorbent configured to absorb carbon dioxide at a first temperature and release carbon dioxide at a second temperature. In addition, the system may include a flue gas passage defining a flow path for the flue gas exhausted from the burner. The flow path may include an absorption zone in which the flue gas is at the first temperature and a regeneration zone in which the flue gas is at the second temperature. The solid sorbent may be cycled between the absorption zone and the regeneration zone such that carbon dioxide from the flue gas is absorbed by the solid sorbent within the absorption zone and released by the solid sorbent within the regeneration zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of waste combustion gases which includes flue-gases produced from incineration of industrial waste, medical waste, hazardous waste or municipal domestic waste utilizing a rotary incinerator and increase of cement production by combining a dual-purpose reactor with cement production line system, wherein said dual-purpose reactor comprises a connected combustion chamber and a gas-solid suspension chamber, wherein the method includes the following procedures: high temperature gases and alkaline materials or waste residues from cement production line are also fed into the combustion chamber, combustion gas is introduced into the combustion chamber and/or to the gas-solid suspension chamber, under high-temperature condition, mixture of gases and said alkaline materials or waste residues in the combustion chamber enters the gas-solid suspension chamber of dual-purpose reactor, in which said gases are completely mixed and reacted, so that acid gases, dioxins and precur

Abstract: A system for treating an air stream exhausted from a firing kiln utilized to heat a ceramic substrates includes an outlet assembly and a thermal oxidizer. The outlet assembly may be in fluid communication with the firing kiln, and may be operational to receive an exhaust gas stream and a waste heat stream from the firing kiln. A temperature of the waste heat stream may be greater than the exhaust gas stream such that a temperature of an air stream comprising the waste heat stream and the exhaust gas stream within the outlet assembly is greater than the exhaust gas stream. The thermal oxidizer may be in fluid communication with the outlet assembly to receive the air stream and remove pollutants from the air stream.

Abstract: An oven for baking a batch of parts has a housing having side walls and a top wall defining a closed container with a closed top end and an open downwardly facing bottom end. Loading/unloading occurs at the bottom end onto a carriage raised to the top end where baking occurs. On each side is provided an array of heating elements below the top. A shield is located in front of the heating array so as to block direct radiation onto the parts to prevent over-heating as the carrying arrangement passes the heating array to be unloaded. The shield generates an upwardly flowing air stream to carry the heat to the top. The heating elements are mounted with their lower end in a connection box with a collar and insulated heat shield above the box to keep the electrical connections cooled.

Abstract: A cyclonic incinerator includes a cylindrical outer burn chamber having a defining wall, a central axis, a first end, a second end, and a forced air opening extending through the wall between the first end and the second end. A forced air manifold is provided which is adapted to direct forced air into the forced air opening of the outer burn chamber to create a cyclonic air flow about the central axis of the outer burn chamber. A cylindrical inner burn chamber is concentrically disposed within the outer burn chamber. The inner burn chamber has a defining wall, a first end and a second end. The first end of the inner burn chamber has an exhaust gas opening. The second end of the inner burn chamber is in communication with the outer burn chamber. A gas inlet is positioned at the first end of the outer burn chamber.

Abstract: A vertically situated incinerator for receiving heated kiln off gases from a petroleum coke calcining process and incinerating volatile matter and carbon fines entrained in the gases. The incinerator also functions as a hot stack through which the gases are vented to atmosphere at times when any downstream equipment for receiving the gases are off line.

Abstract: A pilot (10) is shown for igniting a combustible fluid stream. The pilot comprises an inlet (12), for receiving a fuel gas (14), including a fuel and air/oxygen mixture, into the pilot. Ignition means (16), for example a spark igniter or an ignition electrode, are provided for igniting the fuel gas (14). A generally annular conduit (18) is open along an annular extent forming a circumferential aperture (20). The conduit (18) conveys fuel gas from the inlet to the circumferential aperture. When the fuel gas flowing out of the circumferential aperture (20) is ignited a continuous annular pilot flame is generated radially of the conduit.

Abstract: Organic materials being indirectly heated via hot air having the temperature required for their treatment, the process consists in the recycling of the vapours and gases evolving from the organic materials into a hot air circuit by forcing them into contact with the flame of a burner in order to burn the organic gases contained therein. The apparatus for executing the process comprises a double wall sealed tank; the outer wall being insulating and the inner wall being heat-conducting, the space, created by the walls, defines the hot air circuit.

Abstract: A to-be-burned object including a metal Si component or SiC or Si3N4 can be burned in such a manner that vaporized SiO can be safely exhausted without causing SiO attached to a wall of a furnace or an inner face of an exhaust duct. An exhaust method of a continuous furnace for continuously burning a to-be-burned object containing a metal Si component or highly-fire-resistant SiC or Si3N4 includes steps of 1) exhausting in-furnace gas including SiO vaporized during a burning process. An exhaust duct 2 used for this exhaust is provided at an upper part of a side wall 12 of the furnace having a higher temperature (1300 degrees C. or more) than a concentration temperature of SiO vaporized during a burning process. 2) oxidizing the exhausted SiO at the outside of the furnace to detoxify SiO. The in-furnace gas exhausted by the exhaust duct 2 is guided to an exhaust pipe 3 connected to an outlet of the exhaust duct 2 at the outside of the furnace. This exhaust pipe 3 includes oxygen supply holes 31a and 31b.

Abstract: Method of combustion with a gas burner having a burner head at one end of an inner gas pipe surrounded by an outer protective pipe, wherein gases from the burner head flow inside the inner pipe and inside the outer pipe and thereafter flow into an exhaust channel. The inner pipe terminates short of the burner head; a sleeve downstream of the burner head, is inserted into and/or placed concentrically with the inner pipe so that the sleeve orifice is located within the inner pipe; a gap is provided between the opening of the inner pipe and the sleeve. The gap is sized such that the mixture of fuel and combustion air from the burner head and recycled exhaust gases passing through the gap will be mixed in quantities at which the temperature of combustion will be lower than the temperature in which NOx is formed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for reducing emissions from exhaust gas generated during the grinding and drying of cement raw meal as part of a cement manufacturing process. The invention comprises circuiting the exhaust gas between a raw mill and a clinker cooler. In the clinker cooler at least a portion of said emissions are delivered to a cement kiln in which said emissions are removed by being combusted and/or absorbed.

Abstract: A method of operating a mineral processing kiln includes introducing a quantity of a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) reducing agent into the kiln. The SNCR reducing agent may be a solid, liquid, or a gas. A mineral processing kiln modified for the implementation of SNCR is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cement kiln chlorine/sulfur bypass system wherein the equipment cost is suppressed and the sulfur included in a combustion gas bled from a cement kiln is separated and effectively utilized. The cement kiln chlorine/sulfur bypass system comprises an air bleed means for bleeding a kiln exhaust gas passage, which runs from the end of the cement kiln to a bottom cyclone, of a part of the combustion gas, a separating means for separating dust in the gas bled by the air bleed means into coarse particles and fine particles, and a wet dust collector for collecting dust from the gas containing the fine particles separated by the separating means. The separating means is preferably a classifier in which the cut size is changeable. The wet dust collector is preferably a mixing scrubber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for injecting natural gas in an RTO. The RTO may be, for example, a known type that has a rotary distributor, a center section divided into pie-shaped segments above the rotary distributor, a heat exchanger section above the center section, and a combustion chamber above the heat exchanger. According to an aspect of the invention, the system introduces gas into segments of the center section in a sequenced manner via cycling on/off control valves. In a particular embodiment, the natural gas is injected at a specific location of a respective segment within the center section that is past the rotary distributor seals and directly under the bottom of the heat exchanger bed. According to the injection sequence, the injection of natural gas into the segment commences when the segment begins to receive inlet waste gas streams, and injection ceases before the flow through the sector changes or stops.

Abstract: Apparatus for batch processing source material into charcoal in a battery of kilns, each of which use forced convection of process gases through the source material to shorten the process cycle time, and all of which use an external combustor to burn the process waste gases from each kiln to provide the primary source of applied energy for the process.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst degradation preventing apparatus, which is for a catalyst device containing a catalyst component that comes into contact with gas to chemically change the gas, in which the catalyst device is provided with a poisoning substance removing device on a primary side thereof, for removing a poisoning substance which is contained in the gas and adsorbs to the catalyst component or forms a compound with the catalyst component. Further, the poisoning substance removing device and the catalyst device are provided with an interval placed therebetween and to be exchangeable with each other, or a carrier of a component that adsorbs to the poisoning substance of the poisoning substance removing device or forms a compound with the poisoning substance and a carrier of a catalyst component of the catalyst device are integrally formed so as to be exchangeable.

Abstract: In a method for removing volatile organic components (VOC) from waste gases of a cement clinker kilns installation, in which the largely cooled waste gases are subjected to post-combustion, a post-combustion is carried out to an extent as to ensure a reduction of the concentration of the VOC below the admissible threshold values. The post-combustion is carried out for the production of vapour, whereby the production of vapour in the post-combustion is dimensioned for a gas volume to be post-combusted, ensuring that a partial quantity of the waste gas corresponding to the gas volume allows for the reduction of emitted VOC per unit time in the waste gas below admissible concentration values by rarefaction and whereby this partial quantity is simultaneously dimensioned for the production of a amount of vapour sufficient for the economical operation of a given steam turbine.

Abstract: A to-be-burned object including a metal Si component or SiC or Si3N4 can be burned in such a manner that vaporized SiO can be safely exhausted without causing SiO attached to a wall of a furnace or an inner face of an exhaust duct. An exhaust method of a continuous furnace for continuously burning a to-be-burned object containing a metal Si component or highly-fire-resistant SiC or Si3N4 includes steps of 1) exhausting in-furnace gas including SiO vaporized during a burning process. An exhaust duct 2 used for this exhaust is provided at an upper part of a side wall 12 of the furnace having a higher temperature (1300 degrees C. or more) than a concentration temperature of SiO vaporized during a burning process. 2) oxidizing the exhausted SiO at the outside of the furnace to detoxify SiO. The in-furnace gas exhausted by the exhaust duct 2 is guided to an exhaust pipe 3 connected to an outlet of the exhaust duct 2 at the outside of the furnace. This exhaust pipe 3 includes oxygen supply holes 31a and 31b.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas combustion arrangement using a circular stream, which is capable of fully burning gas discharged from waste incinerated (by flame-broiling, high-temperature, thermal decomposition, etc.) in an incinerator provided at a front stage of the gas combustion arrangement by passing the discharged gas through a coil-shaped circular combustion pipe heated at a predetermined temperature. The present invention provides a gas combustion arrangement using a circular stream, which is capable of maximizing a combustion efficiency by prolonging stay of discharged gas, which is introduced through a coil-shaped combustion pipe, inside the gas combustion arrangement as the discharged gas is burned, forming a circular stream, inside and outside the coil-shaped combustion pipe, and burning the discharged gas through direct contact with internal and external surfaces of the combustion pipe with high temperature.

Abstract: A continuous gas baking furnace includes elements for heating a baking area through which the product which is to be treated passes, formed by at least one module including a heat exchanger with a gas burner and elements for propelling and directing heated air towards a baking area, wherein the gas combustion circuit of the heat exchanger is separate from the circuit of hot air flowing through the baking area, the elements for directing the hot air include paths for directing hot air on both sides of the baking area and a path for evacuating air via the middle of the baking area. The furnace includes members for ensuring pyrolysis of gaseous effluents, the members treating a fraction of the gas circulating in a given section of the furnace, and at least one catalytic bed which is arranged on the hot air circuit.

Abstract: Exhaust pressure in an exhaust system 15 that evacuates a processing furnace 2 is determined as absolute pressure by using a differential manometer 23, which measures the exhaust pressure as differential pressure, and a barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure as absolute pressure. An opening of a pressure regulating valve 25 is adjusted based on the absolute exhaust pressure thus determined so that pressure in the processing furnace 2 is regulated.

Abstract: A system for reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from asphalt cement production facilities which utilizes a recycle stream to reduce organic compound and carbon monoxide concentrations and a sorbent to reduce pollutant concentration prior to discharging the exhaust from the kiln system.

Abstract: Exhaust pressure in an exhaust system 15 that evacuates a processing furnace 2 is determined as absolute pressure by using a differential manometer 23, which measures the exhaust pressure as differential pressure, and a barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure as absolute pressure. An opening of a pressure regulating valve 25 is adjusted based on the absolute exhaust pressure thus determined so that pressure in the processing furnace 2 is regulated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for heating gases in a gas circulation duct in connection with continuously operated sintering. In the sintering furnace, hot gas is fed in from above the belt in order to sinter the material located on the belt, and part of the gas circulation duct is formed as a burning zone, a burner ring, where the gas is heated. The burner ring comprises at least one burner unit directed inwardly from the circumference of the gas circulation duct.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for reducing emission from a combustion or gasification plant, said plant having an combustion chamber housing means for insertion of a first fluid into said chamber, introduction of said fluid into said chamber being effective to reduce the emission of at least one substance from said combustion and said fluid having an optimal operating temperature range for which emissions are particularly low. The temperature is established in a volume in said combustion chamber, where said volume includes the position for insertion of said first fluid. A second fluid is inserted into said combustion chamber and is effective to reduce the temperature in said volume in said combustion chamber, if said temperature is established to be higher than said optimal temperature range.

Abstract: A method for operating manufacturing equipment including a heating furnace is provided. The method comprises the step of spraying a blowdown water that has been in the manufacturing equipment into effluent gas discharged from the heating furnace so as to vaporize the blowdown water and remove solid dust contained in the effluent gas. In a plant implementing this method, the amount of the effluent water can be reduced to substantially zero, no purification equipment is required, and solid sludge which has been produced in the purification equipment is thus completely reduced. Moreover, in this method, iron and zinc can be recycled as fly ash which can be easily treated and recycled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for reducing emission from a combustion or gasification plant, said plant having an combustion chamber housing means for insertion of a first fluid into said chamber, introduction of said fluid into said chamber being effective to reduce the emission of at least one substance from said combustion and said fluid having an optimal operating temperature range for which emissions are particularly low. The temperature is established in a volume in said combustion chamber, where said volume includes the position for insertion of said first fluid. A second fluid is inserted into said combustion chamber and is effective to reduce the temperature in said volume in said combustion chamber, if said temperature is established to be higher than said optimal temperature range.

Abstract: An apparatus including a housing defining a heating process chamber. The housing has an opening communicating the process chamber to the ambient atmosphere. A burner is included that fires into a combustion chamber to heat gas. Also included is a collector structure located outside the opening. The collector structure is configured to collect air and exfiltrated gas from an outside area adjacent to the opening. The apparatus also includes a duct structure communicating the collector structure with the burner so as to supply the collected air and exfiltrated gas to the burner and thereby to supply combustion oxidant to the burner.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of a waste gas that is capable of recovering the heat generated by the catalytic oxidation of a waste gas to the largest possible extent and allowing the temperature of the treated gas in a first waste gas pre-heater to be adjusted to an arbitrary level incapable of condensing moisture and/or corrosive gas is provided.

Abstract: In the method according to the invention for reducing volatile pollutants in the exhaust gases of a heat exchanger system for heating of cement raw meal or the like, partially preheated raw meal is heated to a temperature for release of the pollutants contained therein. In order to be able to achieve this with a reliable mode of operation and with relatively low investment costs, partially preheated raw meal is drawn off from an upper preheater stage and is mixed together in a mixing zone with a fraction of raw meal which is already highly heated and of such a size that the raw meal mixture which is obtained is set to a mixing temperature which releases the pollutants and as a result at least volatile sulphur oxides are incorporated into the raw meal mixture, whilst carbon monoxide formed in the course of this is led off by means of a carrier gas.

Abstract: A heating system according to the present invention is divided into two interconnected compartments, the first having at least one burner feeder and the second having at least one receiver burner. The thermal output of these units may be equal or unequal to match the heat recovery requirements and requirements of the receiver burner for feeder flue gas. Fuel is fed to both the feeder and receiver burners. Heat from both burners heats the fluid to be heated within the heating system. The flue gas exiting from the feeder compartment is introduced and mixed into the receiver burners air supply, similar to conventional flue gas recirculation (FGR) type low NOx burners. The feeder may use a lean premix or rich burn quench technique to achieve low-NOx. Only one combustion air fan is required. The Ductwork is not exposed or the external exposure is very short as compared to much greater lengths of external duct work in conventional flue gas recirculation systems.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for recovering hydrocarbons or other volatile material from granular solids includes an infeed conveyor (20) that moves the mud, containing a mixture of particulate solids and hydrocarbons, into the fluid bed (40). The fluid bed fluidizes the mud; i.e. transforms the mud from a first condition wherein it is a mass having a consistency with elements of similarity with oatmeal, to a second condition wherein it is a mass of swirling particles. Some of the particles leave the fluid bed through a slide gate at the bottom. Other particles, gas and the hydrocarbons leave the fluid bed through an opening at the top, and are transferred to one or more cyclones (60). In the cyclones, the rapid circular motion of the gas, hydrocarbons and particles results in the particles hitting the inside surface of the cyclone, sliding downwardly, and leaving the cyclone through a slide gate.

Abstract: A combustor system provides high temperature, high-dwell combustion of emission products, as from charcoal kilns, with inner and outer combustion chambers. Multiple inlets receive emission products from multiple heat exchangers omnidirectionally extending for continuous heat exchange connection between the combustor and emission sources. Hot products of combustion are delivered to each heat exchanger, each with multiple ducts in mutual heat exchange relationship including at least a hot products of combustion duct for receiving at the proximal end hot products of combustion from an outlet of the outer chamber, and conveying the hot products of combustion to the distal end at a respective emission source, an emissions inlet duct for receiving emission products at the distal end from the emission source, and a return products of combustion duct for receiving at the distal end the hot products of combustion and returning them to the combustor.