Abstract: A method and device for spraying dairy animals and in particular for spraying an udder region of dairy animals, including cows, during an at least partly or fully automatic milking process, includes providing a spray device mounted on a robot arm, the spray device including a spray nozzle with a spray opening, and a fluid channel feeding spray solution from an input port to the spray opening; pumping spray solution through the fluid channel towards the spray opening; heating the spray solution in a heating region of the fluid channel; and spraying the heated spray solution through the spray opening towards the udder region of the dairy animal.

Abstract: A method of controlling the operation of a bulk good grate cooler for cooling hot cement clinker, for example, in a process-controlled manner is provided in order to ensure that the volume flows of cooling air in all areas of the cooling grate and/or the residence time in the respective area of the bed of the goods to be cooled can be matched to the cooling requirements occurring in each area. A control intervention is carried out during the operation of the grate cooler with respect to the respective local cooling air volume flow and/or with respect to the respective local speed of conveyance of cooling grid according to the respective bulk good bed height measured per area and/or the bulk good bed temperature and/or the cooling air through-flow resistance such that if a modification occurs in one or several of the measured parameters, i.e., bed height, bed temperature and through-flow resistance, the respective local cooling air volume flow and/or the conveyance speed of the grate system is altered.

Abstract: In a method for burning carbonate-containing material the latter moves as a result of gravity in counter-current to the cooling and combustion air through a shaft kiln. The fuel supply takes place by means of burning lances introduced into the granular burning material at right angles to the shaft wall. On limiting the grain size and the residence time as a result of this type of fuel supply it is possible to achieve high burning temperatures even suitable for hard burning without there being any sintering together of the granular burning material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooler (2) for a rotary drum kiln (1). The cooler comprises two cylindrical housings disposed one inside the other (6, 7), surrounding the kiln and rotating with it, which housings are mounted at the discharge end of the kiln concentrically with the kiln and between which housings an annular space (8) is formed. The housings are attached to each other by means of longitudinal radial partition walls (16), and the inner cylindrical housing (6) is attached at its ends to the kiln. The annular space (8) has a feeding inlet (11) communicating with the kiln for leading the hot material from the kiln into the cooler and a discharge outlet for discharging the cooled material. The material to be cooled flows counter-currently in relation to the cooling gas flow.

Abstract: Cooler for combustion products, with a conveyor through which air flows, which cooler is formed by a stationary grate surface (7) and a conveyor (8). The conveyor contains a plurality of drivers (9) moved at a distance from one another over the grate surface. A pre-space (30) is formed at the back of the feed stream fed to the grate (7,8), which pre-space is delimited on the underside by the conveyor (7,8) and accommodates a slope of the products to be cooled. The products in the pre-space are intensively cooled and surround the drivers in a protective manner as the latter enter the hot product bed.

Abstract: In a method for burning carbonate-containing material the latter moves as a result of gravity in counter-current to the cooling and combustion air through a shaft kiln. The fuel supply takes place by means of burning lances introduced into the granular burning material at right angles to the shaft wall. On limiting the grain size and the residence time as a result of this type of fuel supply it is possible to achieve high burning temperatures even suitable for hard burning without there being any sintering together of the granular burning material.

Abstract: The invention relates to the cooling of hot bulk material, particularly cement clinker, ore material or the like, in a grate cooler, in which the bulk material is transported on the cooler grate surface toward an outlet and exposed to cooling gas from below. At least a part of the relatively cooler lower portion of the material layer is discharged through suitable chutes upstream of the cooler outlet while in transport to increase the cooling efficiency of the process.

Abstract: Fluidized bed reactor method and apparatus for removal of coarse material from the reactor. The apparatus comprises a discharge device including a substantially vertical pipe portion connected at one end with an outlet opening in the reactor grid, and at another end to an aeration chamber containing a discharge opening located below the level of the grid outlet opening; and a device for supplying pressurized air in short blasts of 30 to 100 milliseconds, preferably at pressures of from 2.5 to 7.0 bar, into the aeration chamber in the direction of the discharge opening to remove the coarse material from the reactor. Low pressure fluidizing air may be supplied to the vertical pipe portion as well as the aeration chamber to return small particles in the discharge device to the fluidization zone of the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling a bed of pyroprocessed particulate material such as lime received from a source as a kiln, the cooler including a shaft with one or more underlying hoppers through which the material flows as cooling air is forced upwardly therethrough. Each of the hoppers has an associated air inlet assembly comprising compactly stacked air inlet rings concentric with and symmetrically shaped to the hopper entry. The air inlet rings are supplied with air from ducts which are provided with dampers by which the amount of air fed to each horizontal cross sectional segment of the hopper can be controlled. A deflector ring formed of an inclined particle flow deflector surface equalizes the rate of draw above by modifying the relative areas affected.

Abstract: A shaft cooler for dry quenching of coke includes an inner masonry ring that is an independent structure suspended on the top edge of the outer masonry of the shaft cooler. The weight of the inner masonry ring is carried by stays which bear on the top edge of the outer masonry. The tubular stays are disposed in one embodiment inside the masonry ring and in another embodiment outside the masonry ring. The tubular stays are connected to ring mains for conducting a coolant medium. When the tubular stays are disposed outside the masonry ring, parallel tubes are interconnected along their entire length by webs to form a closed steel ring. Ring tubes are welded to the top and bottom ends to serve as a heat exchanger and are connected to the evaporator section of a waste-heat boiler of the shaft cooler. Flue-gas passages are formed at the bottom edge of the masonry ring by radially, spaced-apart webs.

Abstract: The discharge end of the rotary kiln (24) is surrounded by and gas-tightly sealed to a stationary kiln head (2), which contains a rigid, cooled, inclined grate (1). A container (3) for collecting oversize is mounted on the kiln head (2) and is provided at its discharge end with a gate valve (4). The collecting container (3) is surrounded by and gas-tightly sealed to an outer container (5) and is provided with a gas-tight flap valve (6) and with a fitting (7) for a gas-tight connection to a transport container (8). Under the grate (1) the kiln head (2) constitutes a buffer bin (9) for the particles falling through the grate. The buffer bin (9) is succeeded by a batching bin (10), which is provided with a gas-tight upper shutoff valve (11). On its discharge side, the batching bin (10) is provided with a gas-tight lower shutoff valve (12) and with a fitting (13) for a gas-tight connection to a transport container (14).

Abstract: A process for burning and sintering material in lump form in a shaft furnace in which part of the cooling air flowing in a counterflow through the cooling zone is removed from the shaft furnace before the upper end of the cooling zone and is introduced into the column of material in the burning zone area, accompanied by a mixture of air and fuel. As a result a reducing furnace atmosphere is obtained, which extends up to the plane of the upper combustion chambers. The invention also relates to an annular shaft furnace for performing this process.

Abstract: A shaft furnace for burning or firing and sintering material, such as limestone, dolomite, etc in lump or pellet form, in which the cooling air is introduced into the external cooling air duct in the vicinity of the furnace bottom, flows upwardly through duct the air duct and downwards through an internal cooling air duct and then passes from an air outlet of internal cooling air duct positioned in the vicinity of the furnace bottom into a first bustle pipe or the like surrounding the shaft furnace. A combustion air duct is supplied with combustion air from a first bustle pipe. A fuel gas supply line runs within the external cooling air duct.

Abstract: A cooler for combustible material has a first section of cooling grate which is traversed by a cooling air that is fed completely to a burner as air for combustion, and has a further section likewise traversed by cooling air under the effect of at least one ventilator or blower wherein the ventilator is driven directly by a steam turbine, and that with the second section or another further section of the cooler, a steam generator is connected with the turbine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the dry cooling of coke is disclosed wherein a cooling gas is routed through a coke charge by means of a distributor or manifold disposed in the bottom of a vertical cooling chamber. The gas passing upwardly through the coke charge is heated by the hot coke. A temperature sensor is provided in the discharge line for the heated gas from the coke cooling chamber, and the distribution and flow rate of the cooling gas introduced at the bottom of the chamber is controlled thereby to maintain a predetermined temperature of the discharged gas. A further embodiment includes multiple gas discharge lines located at different levels of the coke charge. Since the temperature of the gas discharged varies with the level from which the gas is withdrawn, controlled combination of the various discharge flows provides an additional means for producing and maintaining the predetermined temperature of the combined gas discharge.

Abstract: Air heated outside the calcining zone of a shaft kiln is passed through raw material in a hopper mounted above the kiln in order to preheat the raw material. In one embodiment the preheating air is heated by an excess air burner which communicates with the hopper. In another embodiment, the hot calcined material is cooled by forcing cool air through it and the heated air is utilized as preheating air by directing it through a by-pass conduit which connects the cooling zone of the kiln with an extension of the hopper. In neither embodiment does the preheating air constitute combustion supporting air.

Abstract: Either sulphur-containing raw materials or sulphur-containing fuels may be used in the calcination of mineral raw materials in a calcining furnace, with significant desulphurization of the calcined material being achieved if, on the one hand, cooling air introduced into the cooling zone of the furnace is removed at the upper end of the cooling zone thereof through exhaust ducts and if, on the other hand, the flue gases are free of oxygen and have a carbon monoxide content of 1 to 5% by volume. In order to obtain this composition of the flue gases, the combustion process can either be performed in the calcining zone of the calcining shaft of the furnace with a deficiency of air or a gaseous, liquid or solid fuel can be supplied by means of fuel tubes located at a transfer duct between the furnace shafts.

Abstract: In a process and plant for producing cool sintered particulate agglomerated solids of ore, the solids are moved in a continuous stream through a heat-treating zone to form a layer of the agglomerated solids and hot particles thereof are obtained from the layer. The hot particles are moved in a continuous stream into a structurally separate cooler which is heat-insulated from the heat-treating zone and through the cooler in a cooling path. Cooling air is blown into the cooler to flow countercurrently to the continuous stream of hot particles in the cooling path to subject the hot particles to forced countercurrent cooling whereby the cooling air is heated by contact with the hot particles and the entire heated cooling air is delivered into the heat-treating zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating particulate material with hot gases wherein preheated gases are introduced to the particulate material to heat and treat such material and a second cooler gas is introduced to the heated material to impart some cooling to the material and to heat the second gas to treatment temperature followed by movement of the heated second gas through the bed of material in which it acts in the same manner as the hot treating gas.