Abstract: A partial dental arch is provided with dentin material and with cutting material and a boundary area therebetween. It includes a primary-position tooth region and additional tooth regions which are arranged more distally. A wavy structure of the boundary area is provided whose amplitude—when viewed in the distal direction—decreases in at least one section of the mesial-distal and/or occlusal-gingival extension, in particular with regard to the occlusal-gingival direction.

Abstract: A set of artificial teeth for a denture comprises a maxillary unit and a mandibular unit. When set up in lingualised occlusion or balanced occlusion, at least one of following occurs: the palatal cusp (1a) of the maxillary posterior tooth (7a) fits into the distal fossa (1b) of the mandibular posterior tooth (8a); the palatal cusp (2a) of the maxillary posterior tooth (7b) fits into the distal fossa (2b) of the mandibular posterior tooth (8b); the mesial palatal cusp (3a) of the maxillary posterior tooth (7c) fits into the central fossa (3b) of the mandibular posterior tooth (8c); the distal palatal cusp (4a) of the maxillary posterior tooth (7c) fits onto the marginal ridge (4b) of the mandibular posterior tooth (8c); and the mesial palatal cusp (5a) of the maxillary posterior tooth (7d) fits into the central fossa (5b) of the mandibular posterior tooth (8d).

Abstract: A dental tray appliance system including a maxillary tray appliance and optionally a mandibular tray appliance. The maxillary tray appliance includes a first base portion, a first premolar tooth form, optionally a first contacting portion, optionally a contralateral first premolar tooth form, and optionally a central incisor tooth form. Each premolar tooth form has no lingual cusp as part of improvements in occlusal registration components. The mandibular tray appliance includes a second base portion, optionally a second contacting portion; and optionally a second bite material accepting portion.

Abstract: Method for positioning artificial posterior teeth (1, 2, 3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 22) on an entirely edentulous or at least partially edentulous jaw model (5, 6), wherein several artificial posterior teeth (1, 2, 3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 22) are combined to form at least one tooth block (7), wherein the artificial posterior teeth (1, 2, 3, 4, 19, 20, 21, 22) in this tooth block (7) are arranged in a fixed geometric relationship to one another, and geometric parameters of the tooth block (7) are established on the tooth block (7), and geometric parameters of the jaw model (5, 6) are established on the jaw model (5, 6), and, in order to position the tooth block (7) on the jaw model (5, 6), the geometric parameters of the tooth block (7) are assigned to the geometric parameters of the jaw model (5, 6).

Abstract: A method of forming an implant to be implanted into living bone is disclosed. The method comprises the act of roughening at least a portion of the implant surface to produce a microscale roughened surface. The method further comprises the act of immersing the microscale roughened surface into a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution to produce a nanoscale roughened surface consisting of nanopitting superimposed on the microscale roughened surface. The nanoscale roughened surface has a property that promotes osseointegration.

Abstract: In sophisticated semiconductor devices, the defect rate that may typically be associated with the provision of a silicon/germanium material in the active region of P-channel transistors may be significantly decreased by incorporating a carbon species prior to or during the selective epitaxial growth of the silicon/germanium material. In some embodiments, the carbon species may be incorporated during the selective growth process, while in other cases an ion implantation process may be used. In this case, superior strain conditions may also be obtained in N-channel transistors.

Abstract: Maxillary molar teeth and mandibular molar teeth are formed so as to be different in intersection angles (vertical line angles) between vertical lines extending in a vertical direction to occlusal facets and occlusal planes. That is, the maxillary molar teeth and the mandibular molar teeth are formed so as to be different in intersection angles of vertical lines of the protrusive occlusal facet and retrusive occlusal facet respectively. The occlusal facets of at least one of buccal cusps of the maxillary molar teeth and lingual cusps of the mandibular molar teeth are designed so that at least one of the width in the mesiodistal direction and the width in the cuspal-cervical direction is smaller than the occlusal facets of the opposite cusps of the antagonist molar teeth.

Abstract: A method of forming an implant to be implanted into living bone is disclosed. The method comprises the act of roughening at least a portion of the implant surface to produce a microscale roughened surface. The method further comprises the act of immersing the microscale roughened surface into a solution containing hydrogen peroxide and a basic solution to produce a nanoscale roughened surface consisting of nanopitting superimposed on the microscale roughened surface. The nanoscale roughened surface has a property that promotes osseointegration.

Abstract: An occlusion evaluation apparatus capable of evaluating a masticatory ability depending on an occlusal geometry of teeth without actually used by a human subject, reads three dimensional data of geometries of maxillary molar teeth 1, 2, 3, 4 and mandibular molar teeth 5, 6, 7, 8, and specifies a geometry of a fluxion space Va defined by a plane Sa which includes two adjacent contact points Pa between the maxillary molar teeth 1, 2, 3, 4 and mandibular molar teeth 5, 6, 7, 8 and which is perpendicular to the occlusal plane, the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary molar teeth 1, 2, 3, 4, and the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular molar teeth 5, 6, 7, 8.

Abstract: Artificial teeth of upper and lower jaws, allowing easy operation by clarifying the three-dimensional positional relation of cusp tips and pits to contact with each other in occlusion. Each pair of artificial teeth may include cusp tips and pits, and the positional relation of the cusp tips and pits are set appropriately.

Abstract: It is intended to provide artificial teeth designed to easily enable bilateral balanced occlusion with less grinding adjustment. According to the present invention, angles formed by occlusal facets of the artificial teeth with an occlusal plane are suitably set. An artificial tooth for maxillary central incisor, for example, has a protrusive facet and a retrusive facet on an incisal edge thereof. Of angles formed by the protrusive facet with the occlusal plane, the angle in cross section along a sagittal plane is 22.0° to 25.5°, and the angle in cross section along a coronal plane is 1.5° to 6.5°. Of angles formed by the retrusive facet with the occlusal plane, the angle in cross section along the sagittal plane is 20.5° to 23.0°, and the angle in cross section along the coronal plane is 1.5° to 6.5°.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a set of easily arranged artificial teeth in which shapes of abutment surfaces of adjacent artificial teeth are not varied. In the set of artificial teeth, at least two artificial teeth adjacent to each other in a mesial-distal direction respectively have highest contours, one of the highest contours on the adjacent sides is positioned on an occlusal surface side and a buccal surface side relative to the other, and the artificial teeth are abutted with each other at abutment positions between the highest contours of both the artificial teeth in the occlusal direction and the buccolingual direction. Parting lines of molds for forming the artificial teeth respectively pass through the highest contours.

Abstract: An artificial anterior tooth capable of grinding food is provided. The lingual side of an artificial anterior tooth is provided with a protuberance for forming a frictional surface dented in an arch shape as seen from the mesiodistal direction, and the labial side of an opposite artificial lower tooth is provided with a protuberance for forming a sliding surface abutting the frictional surface and sliding on the frictional surface by a sliding motion of the upper and lower jaws.

Abstract: Maxillary molar teeth and mandibular molar teeth are formed so as to be different in intersection angles (vertical line angles) between vertical lines extending in a vertical direction to occlusal facets and occlusal planes. That is, the maxillary molar teeth and the mandibular molar teeth are formed so as to be different in intersection angles of vertical lines of the protrusive occlusal facet and retrusive occlusal facet respectively. The occlusal facets of at least one of buccal cusps of the maxillary molar teeth and lingual cusps of the mandibular molar teeth are designed so that at least one of the width in the mesiodistal direction and the width in the cuspal-cervical direction is smaller than the occlusal facets of the opposite cusps of the antagonist molar teeth.

Abstract: It is intended to provide artificial teeth designed to easily enable bilateral balanced occlusion with less grinding adjustment. According to the present invention, angles formed by occlusal facets of the artificial teeth with an occlusal plane are suitably set. An artificial tooth for maxillary central incisor, for example, has a protrusive facet and a retrusive facet on an incisal edge thereof. Of angles formed by the protrusive facet with the occlusal plane, the angle in cross section along a sagittal plane is 22.0° to 25.5°, and the angle in cross section along a coronal plane is 1.5° to 6.5°. Of angles formed by the retrusive facet with the occlusal plane, the angle in cross section along the sagittal plane is 20.5° to 23.0°, and the angle in cross section along the coronal plane is 1.5° to 6.5°.

Abstract: A flexible denture is provided with a denture plate and a false teeth assembly. The denture plate includes a support member and a deformable member. The support member has an approximately U-shaped base, a labial wall and a lingual wall extending from the base, wherein the labial and lingual walls form an approximate U-shaped cross-section along an imaginary vertical plane to form a channel. The deformable member extending across the channel and spaced a distance from the U-shaped base to separate the channel into a gum receiving section and a fitting section, the fitting section including a plurality of ridges extending between the U-shaped base and the deformable member. The deformable member is constructed of soft and pliable material. The false teeth assembly includes a plurality of false teeth secured to the base, the false teeth assembly includes a reinforcing bar embedded within and connecting the plurality of false teeth.

Abstract: Endodontic instruments having a desired cutting edge are formed, at least in part, using a cold forming process. The method of forming the endodontic instrument includes providing a blank metal thread or wire and at least one die that has a negative impression of a cutting edge. The die is pressed against the blank with sufficient force in order for the die to form an at least partially formed cutting edge in the blank. Any desired shape can be formed into the blank by selecting a die with the proper corresponding negative impression. Cold forming techniques suitable for forming endodontic instruments include roll forming, flat rolling, radial forming, cold drawing, and similar techniques. The files can be sharpened or otherwise modified before or after cold-forming using techniques such as cutting, grinding, and chemical milling.

Abstract: The generation of restorations is easily and effectively achieved by utilizing specific functional considerations that account for typical movement of a patient's mouth. With these movements in mind, the initial starting point for restoration design is the identification of functional occlusal cusps (FOCs) and centric landing pads (CLPs). Based upon the identification and anticipation of these structures, restoration can be designed which will be effectively avoid any interference or undesired interaction between teeth (either existing or restoration). The process of restoration design further considers and designs escape routes for use in configuring the restoration. These escape routes identify those areas anticipated to be occupied by cusps or other components of existing teeth, during natural functional or movement. Consequently, the identification of escape routes helps to place grooves or tracks within the restoration, thus naturally providing clearance.

Abstract: A device includes a tubular element, and a cutter spring-biased relative to the tubular element. In an unloaded configuration the cutter is displaced relative to the tubular element by a displacement distance, and when the cutter is in a loaded configuration the displacement distance is reduced. A first structure is longitudinally fixed relative to the cutter and rotationally engaged relative to the tubular element. A length of the first structure extends proximally in the unloaded configuration. A second structure is longitudinally displaceable relative to the first structure. In the loaded configuration, a driver engages and rotates both the first and second structures, and thus the tubular element and cutter together. Once the cutter breaks through the bone, the cutter spring-biased into the unloaded configuration, resulting in disengagement of the first structure from the driver to prevent rotation of either the tubular element or the cutter.

Abstract: A set of pre-manufactured teeth are provided and include, at least one of a first molar or premolar selected from a group of molars or premolars provided for one jaw, and at least one of a second premolar or molar selected from a group of antagonists provided for the other jaw, wherein at least three centric contact points being provided in each case of a fossa of a premolar or a molar, a stamp cusp of the antagonist coming to rest on the contact points in the position of intercuspation, the contact points being disposed on a compensation curve defined by the movement of the jaw condyles, the centric contact points each lying on a spherical sector, and abrasions being disposed in at least one movement track without breaking up the punctiform contacts.

Abstract: Sets of posterior teeth which may be used for the production of dentures; the sets including a first set of posterior teeth which provide for lingualized occlusion, and a second set of posterior teeth which provide zero degree monoplane occlusion surfaces. The second set includes maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars, all of the teeth having flat lingual and buccal cusps and a central mesial-distal fossa between the cusps, the central mesial-distal fossa of the mandibular teeth being designed to accommodate the lingual cusps of the maxillary teeth of the first set. The second set has been designed with full length premolars which are of sufficient length to harmonize with canines, the premolars being provided facial surfaces having a cusp like effect by having marginal ridges slightly lower than the center of the buccal and lingual cusps.

Abstract: An artificial maxillary molar unit which enables a user to bite through food without a pain, and an alignment instrument which facilitates to make a denture using the artificial maxillary molar unit are provided. The denture is made by using an artificial maxillary molar unit 6. An artificial maxillary molar has an occlusal surface on which a ridge 8 having a sharp edge is aligning along a line corresponding to a ridge of a cusp on an occlusal surface of a natural maxillary molar. The ridge of the occlusal surface of the artificial maxillary molar has opposite sides each formed as a concave surface 9 having a gentle inclination from the occlusal surface toward a root. During the making of the denture, an alignment instrument having one surface on which an impression corresponding to the occlusal surface of the artificial maxillary molar unit 6 is provided.

Abstract: Sets of posterior teeth which may be used for the production of dentures; the sets including a first set of posterior teeth which provide for lingualized occlusion, and a second set of posterior teeth which provide zero degree monoplane occlusion surfaces. The second set includes maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars, all of the teeth having flat lingual and buccal cusps and a central mesial-distal fossa between the cusps, the central mesial-distal fossa of the mandibular teeth being designed to accommodate the lingual cusps of the maxillary teeth of the first set. The second set has been designed with full length premolars which are of sufficient length to harmonize with canines, the premolars being provided facial surfaces having a cusp like effect by having marginal ridges slightly lower than the center of the buccal and lingual cusps.

Abstract: The invention relates to a set of prefabricated teeth. The object of the invention is to make available a set of artificial teeth in which better adaptation of the artificial denture to the anatomical conditions of the patient, which are determined by the position of the condyles in the mandibular joint and their path of motion, is made possible. This object is attained by providing that the contact points between antagonist pairs of teeth are disposed on a sagittal and transversal compensation curve that is defined by the motion of the condyles of the mandible.

Abstract: Dentures are taught may comprise one or more false teeth that correspond to the upper and lower second premolars and/or first molars. The false tooth or teeth preferably have the following characteristics in relation to the upper and lower second premolars and first molars: (1) an imaginary plane passing through the supporting cuspals of the upper second premolars and the supporting cuspals of the upper first molars may be parallel or substantially parallel to the occlusal plane; (2) an imaginary plane passing through the base of the opposed-teeth contact region formed on the occlusal surface of the lower second premolars and the lower first molars may be parallel or substantially parallel to the occlusal plane; and (3) in centric occlusion, the supporting cusps of the upper second premolars and the supporting cusps of the upper first molars may contact the bases of the respective opposed-teeth contact regions formed on the occlusal surface of the lower second premolars and the lower first molars.

Abstract: A molar (1) shows a cusp (6), which occludes in a designated central fossa (7). The cusp (6) essentially shows even facets (8,12) of which each facet (9,11) has a coordinating central fossa (7). When biting down, there are at least two coordinating facets of the cusp and the central fossa that meet. At least one set of coordinating facets of the cusp (6) and the central fossa (7) are located outside/buccal (8,9) and/or in the back/distal (24,23) and have essentially a larger-scale surface, than the facets (12,26; 11,27) located in the slope of the opposing ridge. One of the larger facets (8; 9) preferably inclines essentially to the outside and the other one essentially to the back, while the smaller facets, preferably one (12; 11) essentially raises to the inside and the other one essentially to the front. This improves the stability of the denture and provides more space for the tongue.

Abstract: Artificial posterior cuspless teeth possess slightly convex functional occlusal surfaces in both mesiodistal and buccolingual directions on upper posterior teeth and slightly concave functional occlusal surfaces on lower posterior teeth, with both upper and lower posterior teeth configured to conform to the restored curves of Spee in an anterior-posterior direction and to conform to the restored curves of Wilson in a buccolingual direction.

Abstract: Collection of artificial front teeth which, in important sizes classes, comprises three groups of shapes which differ in terms of the relationships of the mesiodistal widths of their vestibular surfaces in the cervical, central and incisal thirds of their length, namely: a cervically accentuated group in which the said widths are approximately identical, a centrally accentuated group in which the width in the central third is greater than the width in the cervical third by at least the factor 1.15, and the width in the incisal third is not greater than the width in the central third, and an incisally accentuated group in which the width in the incisal third is greater than the width in the cervical third at least by the factor 1.18 and the width in the central third is smaller than the width in the incisal third.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an artificial posterior tooth, namely a large and small posterior tooth for the upper and lower human jaw, the occlusal surface of which has at least one buccal cusp 6 and at least one palatal cusp 5, between which a longitudinal fissure 7 runs in the longitudinal direction of the tooth, the buccal cusp 6 of the posterior teeth of the lower jaw engaging in the fissure in the posterior teeth of the upper jaw and the palatal cusp 5 of the posterior teeth of the upper jaw engaging in the longitudinal fissure in the posterior teeth of the lower jaw. The longitudinal fissures 7 and the palatal/lingual cusps 5 and buccal cusps 6, respectively, of the posterior teeth 34 to 37 and 24 to 27 are adapted to one another such that, in the region of the longitudinal fissures 7, at least one rest zone 11 is formed in which there is a punctiform contact in the closed position of the posterior teeth 34 to 37 and 24 to 27, respectively.

Abstract: A blank for preparing artificial tooth parts, such as inlays, overlays or partial and complete crowns and bridges comprises a body of laminate material. The body has at least one layer of high abrasive resistance, at least one layer of high breaking strength, and at least one layer of lower hardness and breaking strength. For forming the tooth part, material is removed from the blank in such a way that the layer having high fracture strength forms a reinforcing structure. In a single working step, a tooth part of high strength can be machined.

Abstract: A prosthetic tooth having an enamel layer which has a zone of substantially constant thickness. This tooth is molded using a dental tooth mold part prepared by imaging a dental pattern of a prosthetic tooth shade layer and/or shader mold part outer surface, and forming the dental pattern in a mold by program directed milling. A family of prosthetic teeth is provided including a first tooth in a first set of teeth having a first overall labial length, and a first back length, and a second tooth in a second set of teeth having a second overall labial length, and a second back length. The invention provides a prosthetic incisor tooth including a tooth body having two generally symmetrical curved grooves between three curved ridges on the labial face of the body at the incisal end of the body. The grooves are deepest at the incisal end and extend substantially from the incisal edge to at least about 15 percent of the overall tooth length.

Abstract: In the case of a denture made of pre-fabricated teeth, that exhibits molars and pre-molars for each jaw, upper and lower, at least on the upper molars at the lingual position, an incising ridge (24) is provided. The incising ridge is intended, in the occlusion position, to engage the masticatory surface (18) of the antagonist of the lower jaw (14) in each case. The masticatory surface (18) exhibits a sulcus (45) with at least some areas of convex arcuate projection (20, 22) by means of which the antagonist (14) may be centered in tripodized incuspidation on the incising ridge (24).

Abstract: A denture tooth system (10) for a partially or completely edentulous patient, comprising a block of denture teeth (12), each tooth including enlarged undercut surfaces (14) disposed thereupon to permit greater mechanical retention to a rigid base to which the block (12) is secured. The denture tooth system (10) also includes a reduced gingival contour (16) to accommodate implanted attachments or bars and one or more teeth opposing the block. Each one or more posterior opposing teeth includes an enlarged central fossa (20). The block (12) is positioned and configured so that only a lingual cusp (22) of a given maxillary posterior tooth occludes with the central fossa (20) of one of the one or more opposing mandibular posterior teeth in centric occlusion.

Abstract: Dentures of the present invention include opposing upper and lower dentures and have at least one pair of opposing upper and posterior lower artificial teeth. Each posterior upper artificial tooth is formed from a resilient material, preferably an acrylic material, and has a substantially flat masticating surface. Each posterior lower artificial tooth has a single longitudinal crest formed along the length of its masticating surface. An elongated metal blade is embedded in each posterior lower artificial tooth with a longitudinal edge of the metal blade lying flush with the longitudinal crest. The dentures are manufactured by aligning the metal blade and longitudinal crest of each posterior lower artificial tooth substantially parallel with and overlying the apex of denture wearer's mandibular ridge and by aligning each opposing posterior upper artificial tooth substantially parallel with and centrally overlying the denture wearer's maxillular ridge.

Abstract: Artificial posterior cuspless teeth possess slightly convex functional occlusal surfaces in both mesiodistal and buccolingual directions on upper posterior teeth and slightly concave functional occlusal surfaces on lower posterior teeth, with both upper and lower posterior teeth configured to conform to the restored curves of Spee in an anterior--posterior direction and to conform to the restored curves of Wilson in a buccolingual direction.

Abstract: Zero-degree posterior teeth for a lower and an upper denture, wherein opposite posterior teeth interact at least substantially in line contact. The contour at the level of the active surface of the posterior teeth closely resembles the contour of natural posterior teeth. In each pair of opposite posterior teeth the lingual or palatal contour section of one posterior tooth is provided with a line shaped masticatory rim and the buccal contour section of this posterior tooth is provided with a masticatory plane, while the palatal or lingual contour section of the opposite posterior tooth is provided with a masticatory plane and the buccal contour section of this opposite posterior tooth is provided with a line shaped masticatory rim. The posterior teeth are provided with evacuation channels in their active surface, which channels originate near the line contact between opposite posterior teeth, their depth gradually increasing towards their end at the contour.

Abstract: A set of artificial molar teeth composed of two respective upper and two respective lower premolars and two respective upper and two respective lower molars, wherein at each pair of superimposed teeth the one tooth has a mastication furrow or groove and the other tooth at the side of the gum possesses a protuberance coacting with the mastication groove of the one tooth. In order to realize successive contact of the teeth of the first premolars to the second molars there is provided a stepped reduction of the tooth angle and/or a stepped reduction in the size of the friction path.

Abstract: Artificial posterior teeth of non-interlocking construction having flat surfaces parallel to the plane of lateral tooth movement that form a major portion of the occlusal surfaces. Since the teeth can freely slide laterally on one another, side stresses that would tend to shift the dentures are avoided, even though a cross-bite setup is used. Each tooth has a laterally extending, food positioning and holding groove and one or more spillways thereon that permit fluids and comminuted food to escape, thereby reducing hydraulic pressure.