Abstract: A new aluminum-bronze dental alloy and restoration technique is disclosed in which castability and burnishability are improved by the presence of 1 to 8 percent zinc.

Abstract: A tooth articulator for use in correcting tooth occlusal disharmony or interference, the articulator keeping the mouth hygienic irrespective of a long period of use in the mouth by utilizing the antibiotic power of the cobalt coating wholly or partly covering the surface of the base material of the articulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to magnetic Pd-Co alloys for use in dental prostheses, in particular in root caps. The alloys contain, by weight, 40-60% Pd, 20-59% Co, 0-40% Ni, 0.1-5% Cr, 0.05-0.2% Re, 0.01-0.5% Fe, 0.5-3% Ga, 0-0.1% B, 0-5% Pt or Au, and the gallium may be replaced, in full or in part, by Sn, In, Zn or Mn.

Abstract: The invention relates to removable dental appliances made of cobalt-chromium-cast alloys containing (in % by weight) 0,1 to 1,0% C, 0,05 to 0,5% N, 0,5 to 3,0% Si, 0,3 to 10,0% Mn, 20 to 35% Cr, 2 to 10% Mo, 5 to 40% Fe, at least 20% Cobalt as rest including incidental impurities.

Abstract: A group of alloys exhibiting good corrosion resistance and with properties suitable for fabricating dental prostheses consist essentially of copper, nickel and tantalum. Copper and nickel comprise the major components, while tantalum is present in lesser quantities. Lithium and/or Ce, Si metal may be added in small amounts as a deoxidant. Minor amounts of elements such as aluminum, gallium, indium, silicon, titanium and cerium can be added to modify the physical properties of the alloys.

Abstract: Superelastic dental Au-Cu-Zn alloys characterizing that it is in a range defined by point A (63 wt % Au, 11 wt % Cu, 26 wt % Zn), Point B (55 wt % Au, 17 wt % Cu, 28 wt % Zn), Point C (55 wt % Au, 18 wt % Cu, 27 wt % Zn), Point D (63 wt % Au, 14 Wt % Cu, 23 wt % Zn), Point E (65 wt % Au, 12 wt % Cu, 23 wt % Zn) and Point F (65 wt % Au, 11 wt % Cu, 24 wt % Zn), in the Au-Cu-Zn ternary diagram of FIG. 1.

Abstract: Palladium based dental alloys are provided consisting essentially of, on a weight percent basis:Gold: 8-25Gallium: 0-10Boron: 0.05-0.25Rhenium: 0.1-0.5Indium and/or Tin: 0-20Zinc: 0-4and the balance, palladium--with the proviso that when a mixture of gallium, indium and/or tin are incorporated in the alloy, if gallium is present in amounts less than or equal to about 4% by weight, then the total weight percent of gallium, indium and/or tin ranges from about 12 to 20; whereas, if gallium is present in amounts from greater than about 4% to 10% by weight, then the total weight percent of gallium, indium and/or tin ranges from about 8 to 20; and when a mixture of zinc, indium and/or tin are incorporated in the alloy, zinc is present in an amount less than 4% and is present in the alloy in lieu of gallium, said alloy exhibiting a yield strength greater than 50,000 psi, an ultimate tensile strength of greater than 60,000 psi, an elongation greater than 10%, and a melting point ranging from 2200.degree.-2400.degree.

Abstract: A palladium alloy for use in making porcelain jacketed dental restorations having the following composition: 60-85 percent by weight palladium, 5-20 percent by weight copper, 3-15 percent by weight gallium, and a modifier metal selected from gold, indium, ruthenium, tin, nickel and mixtures thereof, the sum of the concentrations of the modifier metal percent in the alloy being greater than 5.5 percent by weight.

Abstract: Disclosed is an alloy that is a combination by weight percent of 78 to 84 percent nickel, 11 to 15 percent chromium, 3 to 5 percent vanadium, and 1 to 2 percent beryllium. Any balance of other elements make up less than 7 percent with aluminum, manganese, silicon, tin, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, iron, boron, and carbon specifically disclosed. The alloy is, in particular, a dental casting alloy or dental veneering alloy, and dental prostheses containing the alloy is a feature of the disclosure.

Abstract: There are described noble metal alloys for dental purposes, especially for firing on dental porcelain which are low melting, do not discolor the porcelain, are repeatedly castable, and making possible brazing joints. These alloys containing 20 to 65% gold, 25 to 65% palladium, 0 to 7% gallium, 0.2 to 11% indium and/or tin, 0 to 2% copper, 0.05 to 1% ruthenium, iridium and/or rhenium, 0 to 1% vanadium, 0 to 1% iron and additionally 0.5 to 15% cobalt, with the proviso that the content of base metals must exceed 5%.

Abstract: Low gold dental alloys, especially for firing on dental porcelains, should be easily worked, result in no discolorations and bubble formation in the firing, and have a physiologically replaceable hardness and a low melting interval. These properties are shown by alloys having 20 to 35 wt. % gold and 45 to 65 wt. % palladium if they also contain(a) 6 to 15 wt. % copper and 0 to 10 wt. % nickel,(b) 0 to 12 wt. % indium, 0 to 12 wt. % tin, and 0 to 4 wt. % gallium, with the proviso that the sum of the content of indium and tin added to two and one-half times the gallium content must give a value between 5 and 15 wt. %,(c) 0.1 to 1 wt. % iridium and/or rhenium and/or ruthenium, and(d) optionally 0 to 1 wt. % aluminum, 0 to 1 wt. % tantalum, 0 to 1 wt. % titanium and/or 0 to 5 wt. % silver.

Abstract: Grain refined palladium-based dental alloys contain about 70-85 weight percent palladium, 7-15 weight percent copper, 2-8 weight percent gallium, 2-15 weight percent indium, 0.2-3.0 weight percent rhenium or ruthenium and an effective amount of boron up to about 0.15% which eliminates the formation of bubbles in porcelain during the porcelain firing process. In addition, there can be an effective amount of zinc up to about 0.5 weight percent. Alternately, in lieu of zinc, the boron is added in the form of calcium boride.

Abstract: A palladium alloy suitable for use with both high and low thermal expansion dental porcelains without causing discoloration of the porcelains. The alloy consists essentially of 70-90% palladium, 1-8% silver, 0-5% gold, 5-16% copper, 1-8% gallium, 0.01-0.8% silicon and 0.001-0.5% grain refiners.

Abstract: A novel method for firmly bonding metal and ceramics comprising the steps of applying a composite plating composition consisting of a metal containing plating solution and fine particles of ceramic on a surface of metal to which the ceramic is to be bonded, thereby forming a metal plating layer on the surface having partially projected fine particles of ceramic, and then firing the coated metal in order to fuse the ceramic thereto.

Abstract: A nickel base casting alloy containing 10 to 25 percent chromium, 3 to 8 percent manganese, 3 to 10 percent niobium, 0 to 3.5 percent aluminum, 0.5 to 2.0 percent beryllium which exhibits lower melting characteristics allowing enhanced compatibility to gypsum bonded investments.

Abstract: Cast alloys which should be suited for both the production of removable dental construction (model casting technique) and also for permanent crowns and bridges with ceramic facing (firing technique) must combine good firing properties and good tensile strength and strain values. Alloys of this type consist of 65-85% Pd, 0-10% Au and/or 0-5% Pt, 0.1-10% Sn, 1-10% Ga, 1-12% Cu as well as 0.5-1.5 Ru and/or 0.05-0.7% Re.

Abstract: A silverless low gold dental alloy contains, by weight, 10-40% gold; 3-8% gallium; 0.5-10% indium and/or tin; 0.1 to 1.5% ruthenium, or iridium, or rhenium; balance palladium. The alloy is non-staining and bondable to and compatible with porcelain.

Abstract: A cobalt-chromium alloy consisting essentially of:______________________________________ Element Weight Percent ______________________________________ Cobalt 50-70 Chromium 25-35 Molybdenum 2-10 Manganese 0-2 Carbon 0-0.1 ______________________________________and(i) from about 1 to about 6% silicon or(ii) from about 2 to about 6% silicon and from about 0.1 to about 1.5% boron with the proviso that the combined amount of silicon and boron is greater than or equal to 3% or(iii) from about 1 to about 6% aluminum or(iv) from about 1 to about 6% silicon and from about 1 to about 6% aluminum with the proviso that the combined amount of silicon and aluminum is less than about 8% or(v) from about 1 to about 6% silicon, from about 0.1 to about 1.5% boron and from about 1 to about 6% aluminum with the proviso that the combined amount of silicon and aluminum is less than about 8%, said alloy constituents totalling 100%.

Abstract: A dental alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations is provided which consists essentially of, on a weight basis, about 60-90% palladium, an effective amount of ruthenium up to about 2% for the purpose of grain-refining the alloy, an effective amount of copper up to about 30% for the purpose of lowering the melting point and raising the thermal expansion, up to about 15% indium, up to about 16% tin, up to about 12% zinc, up to about 5% gold, and from about 0.05 to about 0.25% boron or calcium boride, the total of said constituents being 100%, wherein the sum of the copper, indium, tin and zinc concentrations is greater than about 18%, the sum of the indium, tin and zinc concentrations is greater than about 10%, and the sum of the indium and zinc concentrations is greater than about 5%, such that said alloy exhibits a melting point between about 1100.degree. C. and 1400.degree. C. and a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 0.66 to 0.72 at 500.degree. C.

Abstract: A nonprecious alloy for porcelain-bonded dental restorations consists essentially of, in approximate percentage by weight, 25-30 chromium, 5-7 molybdenum, 0-1.0 each manganese and silicon, 0-0.3 carbon and 0-4 each gallium and indium, balance cobalt, these constituents accounting for at least 99.5 percent of the alloy, the sum of the manganese and silicon being at least about 0.5 percent and the sum of the gallium and indium being at least about 1.25 percent.

Abstract: A new chromium-cobalt dental alloy having a low coefficient of expansion, high oxidative stability, and easy workability is disclosed. The alloy contains 55 to 65 wt. % cobalt, 16 to 24 wt. % chromium, and controlled percentages of molybdenum and vanadium.

Abstract: A dental restoration includes a casting of a palladium/silver alloy which comprises 45-60 percent palladium, 25-45 percent silver, 3-15 percent tin and/or indium, 0.3-9.0 percent zinc, 0.1-1.0 percent silicon, up to 0.25 percent rhenium and/or iridium, and up to 5 percent in total of one or more of copper, magnesium, gallium and ruthenium. The dental restorations obtained by firing porcelain against castings of this alloy exhibit freedom from discoloration, and excellent bond strength is are obtained between the porcelain coating and the underlying alloy casting.

Abstract: A process for producing a dental restoration wherein a bonding agent is disclosed for bonding dental porcelain to a nickel-containing metal core. The bonding agent is aluminum powder and an inert organic liquid carrier.

Abstract: A cobalt-or nickel-base alloy, which is especially suited for the preparation of dental prostheses, because it is sufficiently corrosion- and wear-resistant, cold-formable, and colorfast and has good castability, the possesses the strength properties of the noble metal alloys known from dental technology. The alloy contains in addition to the base metal 10-50% (wt.) chromium and 0.2-4.5% (wt.) gallium. The new alloys can additionally contain 0.05-0.08% (wt.) lanthanum, 0.03-0.1% (wt.) neodymium, and 1.0-6.0% (wt.) molybdenum.Due to its elasticity and low density the alloy is particularly suited for firm, i.e. firmly anchored dental prostheses. However, it is also best suited for the production of base plates, anchoring clamps and clamping systems of removable dental prostheses.Since the alloy does not contain any noble metal, the ingredients can be easily procured and the production costs are only a fraction of the costs of noble metal alloys.

Abstract: The dental prosthesis comprises a base from a durable corrosion-resistant metallic alloy and at least one external decorative layer. The external decorative layer is made of a harder material than the base and comprises nitrides, oxynitrides, carboxynitrides, cyanonitrides and/or oxides of metals of the subordinate subgroup of Group IV of the periodic system. The thickness ratio of the external decorative layer to the base is equal to 1:10-200 respectively.In the case where the dental prosthesis base comprises a structure of soldered members from a durable corrosion-resistant metallic alloy, the method for making the dental prosthesis comprises manufacture of the base by soldering members of the dental prosthesis from the abovementioned alloy into an integrated structure. Then the zone of the soldered juncture or the entire structure is coated, by electroplating or vacuum technique, with an additional layer from cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, chromium or zirconium, or from nitrides of chromium or molybdenum.

Abstract: A dental alloy for use in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations including palladium, cobalt, gallium, gold, aluminum, copper, zinc and ruthenium or rhenium. The cobalt controls the coefficient of thermal expansion of the alloy to permit the use of the alloy with commercially available porcelains having a variety of thermal coefficients. The zinc serves as a scavenger during formation and casting of the alloy. The aluminum protects the alloy from absorbing gases during torch melting and during the porcelain firing process. The ruthenium or rhenium provides grain refining for the alloy to increase its elongation, tensile strength, and thus toughness. The alloy with ruthenium or rhenium as a grain refining agent must be made in a protective environment to avoid the formation of bubbles in the procelain during the procelain firing process.

Abstract: A dental alloy for use in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations including palladium, cobalt, indium, tin, aluminum and rhenium. The aluminum protects the alloy during torch melting and during the porcelain firing process through the formation of a protective oxide. The rhenium provides grain refining for the alloy to increase its elongation, tensile strength, and thus toughness. The alloy must be made under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere to avoid the formation of bubbles in the porcelain during the porcelain firing process.

Abstract: Silver base casting alloys for dental use which have a yellow color. They are useful for the manufacture of crowns, bridges and other dental prosthesis and such dental prosthesis are within the scope of the invention. The dental alloys consist essentially of 40-60% silver, 15-20% indium, 8-15% copper, 0.1-2% nickel, 0.1-2% zinc, from 0-10% gold and/or from 0-30% palladium. The total of gold and palladium content is between 10 and 30%.

Abstract: An improved method for preparing a dental prosthetic construction such as a crown or bridge is described by applying a dental ceramic composition to a base of a precious metal silver-containing alloy, drying it and firing the same. In accordance with the improvement, the firing is conducted in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A semi-precious alloy for use in a dental restoration which does not discolor porcelain and remains ductile after firing of a porcelain jacket thereon. The alloy is 80-90% palladium, 5-15% indium, 1-5% gallium, 0.1-0.5% aluminum, 0.1-0.5% silicon, and 0.01-1.0% of at least one element from ruthenium and osmium.

Abstract: A non-discoloring palladium-based alloy, free of silver or gold, suitable for fusion to dental porcelain compositions consists essentially of 75-85% by weight of Pd, 5-10% by weight of In, 5-10.5% by weight of Sn, up to 7.5% by weight of Co, Cr or Ni and up to 0.25% by weight of Si. Inclusion of 0.2-0.7% by weight of Ru improves the physical and mechanical properties of the alloy.

Abstract: The method of the present invention involves fabricating a cast metal framework from a non-precious metal alloy containing nickel, electroplating a thin film of gold over a predetermined surface area of the framework, distributing finely divided gold particles of varying size about the electroplated surface and firing successive layers of porcelain over the predetermined surface area.

Abstract: The reinforced jacket crown of the present invention comprises an inner structure including a thin metal foil of platinum conforming in shape to the tooth preparation to be restored, at least one fired on coating of a composition of finely divided particles of from about 1 to 100% by weight of a noble metal halide in combination with from zero to 99% by weight of a noble based metal and a relatively thick fired on outer coating of dental porcelain.

Abstract: A non-discoloring palladium-based alloy, free of silver or gold, suitable for fusion to dental porcelain compositions consists essentially of 75-85% by weight of Pd, 5-10% by weight of In, 5-10.5% by weight of Sn, up to 7.5% by weight of Co, Cr or Ni and up to 0.25% by weight of Si.

Abstract: An alloy composition for dental use containing, by weight, aluminum 0-3.0%, cobalt 0-20.0%, chromium 10.0-20.0%, manganese 0-1.5%, molybdenum 6.0-18.0%, nickel 58.5-77.0% and silicon 0-2.0%. The alloy retains the corrosion resistance properties found in nickel-chromium base alloys while having reduced yield strength typical of gold alloys thereby resulting in greater ease of grinding, polishing and manipulation. The alloy finds use as a porcelain substrate alloy and also as a crown and bridge or partial denture alloy.

Abstract: A nickel base dental alloy having the following composition:______________________________________ Percent by Weight ______________________________________ Chromium 10-20 Molybdenum 4-10 Iron 3-6 Columbium 2-6 Aluminum up to 2.0 Silicon 1.0-3.0 Carbon 0.05-0.5 Nickel Balance.

Abstract: Gold alloys for firing on porcelain for dental purposes are prepared from 80 to 90% gold, 5 to 15% platinum, 0.5 to 10% palladium, 0.5 to 3% rhodium, 0.1 to 3% indium, 0 to 3% tin and optionally 0.1 to 2% tantalum and/or tungsten in place of or in addition to the rhodium.

Abstract: A method and material for making dental restorations by using a porcelain-covered body of a non-precious metal alloy. The alloy preferably includes about 58-68% nickel, 18-23% chromium, 6-10% molybdenum, up to 5% of at least one rare-earth element, up to 4% columbium plus tantalum, up to 2% iron, and lesser quantities of carbon, aluminum, titanium, silicon and manganese. The alloy is resistant to corrosion by mouth fluids, is easy to finish and polish, and is closely matched to the thermal-expansion properties of commercially available dental porcelains. The alloy does not contaminate alloy-melting crucibles, exhibits excellent bonding characteristics to dental porcelains, is easy to melt and cast, and has sufficient ductility to enable margin burnishing of dental-restoration castings of the alloy.

Abstract: A dental alloy is described which is comprised of from 13 to 25% Cr, 20 to 40% Ni, 3 to 7.5% Mo, 0.2 to 1.0% B, 2.75 to 5.0% Si, less than 5% Mn and from 30 to 60 Co. This alloy is especially useful as a substitute for the precious metal alloys used to fabricate dental prosthetic appliances.