Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of supporting implant surgery in a server, which includes obtaining a subject's oral CT image scanned with a guide model inserted into an oral cavity of the subject, the guide model being manufactured to a certain standard to group human teeth in any range so that the teeth belong to at least one group and to cover a tooth position of a corresponding group, the guide model including a marker made of a radiopaque or radiation semipermeable material, loading a library as information about the standard of the guide model, identifying the marker in the oral CT image, and generating a library matching CT image by matching the oral CT image with the library based on the marker included in the library and the marker identified in the oral CT image, and planning implant surgery of the subject using the library matching CT image.

Abstract: A dental model, includes (a) an upper segment, the upper segment having a shape corresponding to at least a portion of a dental arch of a human patient; (b) a base segment having an external surface and a bottom surface; (c) at least one internal cavity formed in the base segment, and optionally the upper segment, the at least one internal cavity extending through the bottom surface; and (d) at least one wash channel extending from the external surface of the base segment through the base segment and into the at least one internal cavity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dental implant replica (10) for a physical dental model (36), the dental implant replica including: a coronal end (14); an apical end (18); a coronal portion (12) extending to the coronal end; an cylindrical apical portion (16) extending to the apical end and including a circumventing indentation (20); an anti-rotation portion (26) located between the coronal portion and the apical portion and including at least one external convex element (28; 28a-c) extending in a longitudinal direction of the dental implant replica; and a prosthetic connection interface (34) located at the coronal end. The present invention also relates to a system including a dental implant replica and a physical dental model, a 3D printed or milled dental model, and a method of installing a dental implant replica in a dental model.

Abstract: Various implant analogs, model, and base designs are disclosed herein. In one example, an implant analog can include a main body and a second component. The main body can have an axis of symmetry and a passage therein. The second component can be received in the passage so as to extend substantially transverse to the axis of symmetry.

Abstract: A fixation pin for fixing a dental drill template. The fixation pin has a head having a bearing surface that is intended to bear at least partially on the drill template, or a sleeve provided in the drill template. The fixation pin has a rod having a shape of an essentially circular cylinder and extending from the bearing surface at an essentially right angle. The rod is intended to be inserted into the drill template or the sleeve provided in the drill template.

Abstract: A lab analog for insertion into a cavity of a printed model and for accommodating an abutment comprises an essentially cylindrical base body that extends along a longitudinal axis, a first centering section for centering the lab analog in the cavity of the printed model, the first centering section adjoining the base body in the coronal direction, a second centering section for centering the lab analog in the cavity of the printed model, the second centering section adjoining the base body in the apical direction, restraining elements for restraining the lab analog in the longitudinal direction, and at least one fixing element to fix the lab analog against rotation.

Abstract: A system and a computer-implemented method of designing and/or manufacturing a post and core to match a bore of a tooth, said method including the steps of: a) obtaining at least one impression of a set of teeth comprising a bore; b) scanning the impression of the set of teeth comprising the bore; c) providing a three-dimensional scan representation of the impression comprising the bore; d) transforming the three-dimensional scan representation to a three-dimensional positive working model of the set of teeth and the bore; and e) designing a post and core model from the positive working model of the bore. In particular, CAD/CAM design and/or manufacture of post and core.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of denture manufacture that incorporates CAM-formed occlusal inserts made of zirconia, resulting in a natural lit, feel, and wear essentially equivalent to the wear properties of natural teeth.

Abstract: The present invention is a surgical guide for guiding the insertion of a dental implant into a desired location in a patient's mouth. The implant includes a non-rotational structure. The surgical guide includes a structure and a master tube. The structure has a negative impression surface to be fitted on and placed over gingival tissue, bone, and/or teeth in the patient's mouth. The structure includes an opening through which the dental implant is placed. The master tube is located at the opening. The master tube includes indicia for alignment with the non-rotational structure on the implant such that the non-rotational structure of the implant is at a known angular orientation with respect to the master tube. The present invention includes kits of various components used with the surgical guide and with the dental surgery using the surgical guide.

Abstract: A placement jig for locating a dental implant analog in a physical model of a patient's mouth includes a base, a guide-strut receiving feature, a throughbore, and an angled receiving feature. The guide-strut receiving feature is positioned within the base and is configured to receive a guide-strut of the physical model thereby positioning a lower surface of the placement jig at a desired distance from an opening of a bore in the physical model. The throughbore receives a screw therethrough that engages the dental implant analog such that the dental implant analog, is removably coupled to the base. The angled receiving, feature is positioned about the throughbore on the lower surface of the base. The angled receiving feature includes a mating surface that is configured to abut a custom abutment positioned between the mating surface and the dental implant analog.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for measuring a location and orientation of each of a plurality of dental implants. The apparatus may include a base, and a plurality of extension members protruding from the base. Each of the plurality of extension members may be movable in relation to the base. Each extension member may include a proximal end connected to the base, a distal end, and a coping connected to the distal end. The coping may be movable in relation to a corresponding extension member. Furthermore, the coping may be adapted to be mechanically locked in a selected location and orientation.

Abstract: A dental cutting system and method for cutting a patient's tooth includes a hand piece to be held and carrying a cutting burr to cut the patient's tooth. A plurality of guide pins is attached to and extends from the hand piece of the cutting tool remote from the cutting bur. One or more cutting guides each have a cavity coinciding with at least a portion of teeth inside a patient's mouth that are adjacent to or remote from the patient's tooth to be cut. The guide pins of the handpiece slide in slots in the cutting guide to guide the cutting burr to cut the patient's tooth.

Abstract: A dental model kit includes a set of dowel pins for successive use with at least one tooth die that is part of the dental model kit. Each dowel pin includes an upstanding tooth anchor section that is configured to be fixedly attached to the tooth die; and a main body section having a top surface from which the tooth anchor section extends. The main body section is for reception within a base of the dental model kit. According to the present invention, a location of the tooth anchor section relative to the top surface changes from an initial position associated with an initial pin that is part of the set to a final position associated with a final pin that is part. Successive movement of the tooth anchor section is translated into successive movement of the tooth die both in a desired direction and a desired distance.

Abstract: A guide for administering an injection including a guide body contoured for a human mandible; and at least one needle indexing guide on the guide body for the insertion of a needle there through, the guide use to provide a predictable and repeatable way of administering an injection to block a nerve.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for bending a guide post used in forming a template for locating dental implant hole. The guide post includes at least one face on a distal end for registering the orientation of the guide post. The apparatus includes a base plate having protractor-like indicia, a supporting block attached to the base plate, the supporting block having an aperture for receiving a distal end of the guide post, and a stylus received by a proximal end of the guide post, the stylus extending towards the protractor-like indicia.

Abstract: An accessory (100) for the production of dental implant-carried dentures in the dental technician's laboratory has an essentially smooth outer face and a connection geometry (115), corresponding to a dental implant, for dentures. The outer face has, further, a conical portion (120). The conical portion (120) allows an axially and radially accurately defined insertion of the accessory (100) into a corresponding receptacle of the jaw model which is used for producing the dentures, that is to say the accessory (100) can basically be removed from the model and inserted into the latter again so as to fit. Although the outer form of the accessory therefore usually does not correspond to that of the simulated implant, the accessory has, particularly at its proximal end and with respect to its inner contour, the connection geometry (115), corresponding to the dental implant, for the dentures, so that these can be manufactured so as to fit.

Abstract: A dental model kit includes a set of dowel pins for successive use with at least one tooth die that is part of the dental model kit. Each dowel pin includes an upstanding tooth anchor section that is configured to be fixedly attached to the tooth die; and a main body section having a top surface from which the tooth anchor section extends. The main body section is for reception within a base of the dental model kit. According to the present invention, a location of the tooth anchor section relative to the top surface changes from an initial position associated with an initial pin that is part of the set to a final position associated with a final pin that is part. Successive movement of the tooth anchor section is translated into successive movement of the tooth die both in a desired direction and a desired distance.

Abstract: Provided is a stent used when a wire that indicates the position and orientation a fixture is to be embedded at on a mockup for creating an anatomically and prosthetically appropriate and highly accurate surgical guide. The stent includes a detachably attachable guide member 1 that includes a fitting portion 2 to be fitted to a tooth portion of the mockup and an actual tooth portion of a patient corresponding to the tooth portion of the mockup, and a covering portion 3 covering a mucosa surface 44 at the portion a tooth is missing; a first positioning member 10 including at least a planar first contrast medium 11 for CT scanner and mounted to the covering portion 3; and a second positioning member 20 including at least a planar second contrast medium 21, the member 20 opposing to the first contrast medium 11 and detachably attachable to the member 10.

Abstract: A method produces a base for physical tooth models. The method includes providing one or more cast materials in a container, pressing the underside of the physical tooth models into the one or more cast materials to produce impressions in the one or more cast materials, and solidifying the one or more cast materials having the impressions to produce the base that is adapted to receive the physical tooth models.

Abstract: A dental device having a marker and a linking component configured to be inserted into a mouth. The dental device provides a temporary positioning reference location that may be collected in a tomography scan data set and surface scan data set. The dental device may be used to orient and verify the tomography scan data set and the surface scan data set to create a master dental file that may be used to determine the appropriate location of a dental implant.

Abstract: A method and a system for the making and the measuring of bores or seats (2) for endocanalar odontoiatric posts (6) in a dental root (3) is characterised in that it comprises: first milling means (100) for said dental root (3) for the making of an endocanalar duct (2) having a gauged diameter and concentricity; second milling means (1) for the making of an endocanalar duct (2) having a gauged diameter and concentricity; metering means (4) for the metering of the length of said endocanalar duct (2) inside said dental root (3); and marking means (5) onto an endocanalar post (6) of said metered length by said metering means (4).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for performing a dental procedure relating to replacement of teeth includes a dental model made from an impression of teeth and gums of a particular mouth formation of a patient and an intended dental implant location with respect to the dental model. A reference member to be supported by the dental model is located in a desired angulation and dimensional position at the intended dental implant location. Each reference member includes a base portion having at least a partial spherical surface for engagement within an at least partial spherical aperture formed in the dental model with a round ball drill. The base portion supports an outwardly extending reference pin portion. A material to be applied around the one or more reference members provides support for each of the reference members when the material has hardened.

Abstract: The Duncan Positioning Tool will assist in the process that will allow a surgeon to place a final dental implant restoration immediately after surgery into a patient's mouth that will function in conjunction with the dental implant(s) placed in the mandible and/or maxilla bone(s). The Duncan Positioning Tool is used in the manufacturing of a surgical dental implant stent that will allow a surgeon to place a dental implant(s) perfectly parallel to other dental implant(s) as well as teeth. The Positioning Tool is used in the manufacturing of a surgical dental implant stent that will allow a surgeon to place dental implant(s) at a predetermined depth within the mandible and/or maxilla of a patient undergoing surgery.

Abstract: A system for straightening teeth includes a casting of teeth that is made of a rigid material, and a gum casting made of a flexible material that is joined to the teeth casting. A respective articulating tool for each tooth is provided with a post that is embedded into the tooth. Tooth moving components, accessible through the gum casting, are mounted on each post to selectively provide for left-right, fore-aft, and rotational tooth movements. In its operation, the system involves selectively orienting individual teeth in the teeth casting, to prepare a series of sequentially useable appliances that will straighten teeth in accordance with a pre-planned procedure.

Abstract: A method for making a template for a dental implant osteotomy in an edentulous space of a patient's mandible or maxilla, and components relating thereto The method includes the steps of forming a dental cast of the patient's mandible or maxilla, drilling a hole into the dental cast wherein the location and orientation of the hole correspond to a desired location and orientation of the dental implant osteotomy, inserting a guide post into the hole, magnetically attaching a sleeve having a longitudinal gap to the guide post, applying a molding material to a portion of the dental cast and to a portion of an outer surface of the sleeve, allowing the molding material to cure, and removing the cured template including the sleeve embedded therein from the dental cast, whereby using the template in the patient's mouth provides a guide means for drilling the osteotomy.

Abstract: A dental prostheses modeling system includes a molding tray for molding the base of a quadrant or full-arch dental model cast which has a longitudinally disposed partition panel disposed generally between upper and lower surfaces of the tray that forms therewithin an upper well for receiving liquid die stone to mold the base of a dental impression model, and a lower well shaped symmetrically to the upper well for providing clearance for optional manipulating pins installable in the bases of selected die segments modeling individual dental prostheses severed from the hardened die stone base of the model. The partition panel includes peripheral flanges for supporting the base of the dental model, and an openable central portion for enabling a hardened dental model to be ejected from the tray, and for providing access for manipulating pins depending downwardly from die segments.

Abstract: A model and die system includes a working quadrant having an upper flat surface. Pin-receiving tapered bores are formed in the upper flat surface and a thin metallic foil covers the bores. Cast teeth are supported by the working quadrant and each cast tooth has at least one tapered pin depending from it. Each pin includes a tapered main body that matches the taper of the tapered bore, a reduced diameter section of the same taper that accommodates torn or ruptured foil, an annular ramp section that sharply crimps the foil about the entry of the tapered bore, and a tapered rim that matches the taper of the tapered bore to lock the pin into its fully seated position.

Abstract: A dental prostheses modeling system includes a tray having in an upper part thereof a trough for receiving a semi-liquid modeling material or casting material such as plaster of Paris or die stone, the trough having opposed vertical walls in which are formed alternating vertically disposed ribs and grooves for forming complementary shapes in sides of a casting molded in said tray, a base portion of which has in outer walls thereof alternating vertically disposed grooves and ribs, the trough having a frangible base plate which overlies an upwardly concave cavity for receiving liquid die stone after the upper casting has solidified, hardened and been removed, the base plate being broken and removed to uncover an elongated aperture joining the upper trough to the lower cavity enabling the cast to be ejected from the tray, pins fitted into selected portions of the casting base, the casting reinserted into the trough, and the tray inverted to receive liquid die stone which hardens to form a stone base matrix for i

Abstract: A base assembly for fabrication of false teeth includes a base, and a gum-like raised portion is provided on the said base, a plurality of protruding blocks are provided symmetrically and evenly at the interior and exterior arc edges on the raised portion, and positioning holes are provided between two opposite protruding blocks; a removable holddown plate with a configuration corresponding to the said raised portion is provided over the raised portion, and the holddown plate has a flat surface on the upper surface, has the recesses corresponding to the protruding blocks to be engaged with the protruding blocks and the mounting pins corresponding to the positioning holes to be engaged with the positioning holes on the lower surface. The time to fabricate false teeth is largely reduced and the fabrication accuracy of the false teeth is improved by using the base assembly of the present invention.

Abstract: A dental articulating system to duplicate a patient's teeth for producing a dental prosthesis includes a pair of trays pivotally coupled together. A plurality of registration pins is disposable in a plurality of registration pin holes formed in at least one of the trays. A thin membrane is disposed across a registration pin hole to close off the registration pin hole and resist dental casting material from substantially filling the registration pin hole. The thin membrane is breakable by a registration pin inserted into the registration pin hole. A method for forming a dental model includes pressing a registration pin through a thin membrane extending across a registration pin hole on at least one of the trays of a dental articulator so that the registration pin breaks the thin membrane and extends through the thin membrane.

Abstract: The dental model pouring jig of the present invention includes a base member that supports a model base support member and a mold support member. The model base support member is secured to the base member and is capable of mounting a dental model base. The mold support member is adjustably secured to the base member and capable of mounting a mold of a person's teeth. The mold support member is adjustable relative to the model base support member to properly position the mold adjacent the dental model base.

Abstract: A model and die system has a working quadrant of parallelepiped construction and a opposing quadrant of the same construction. The working quadrant has an upper flat surface disposed in confronting relation to a lower flat surface of the opposing quadrant. Pin-receiving bores are formed in the working quadrant and mounting members depend from the opposing quadrant. Each cast tooth supported by the working quadrant has a pin depending from it and is fully seatable against the upper flat surface. Each cast tooth mounted on the upper flat surface is secured to a mounting post that depends from the upper flat surface. In a first embodiment, the quadrants are held in spaced apart, adjustable vertical relation to one another by a pair of parallel guideposts. In a second embodiment, an articulated hinge performs that function. In a third embodiment, a semicircular base opposes a semicircular top member.

Abstract: A dental prostheses modeling system includes a re-usable tray having in an upper part thereof a trough for receiving a semi-liquid casting material such as plaster of Paris or die stone, the trough having opposed vertical walls in which are formed alternating vertically disposed ribs and grooves for molding complementary shaped grooves and ribs in opposed sides of the base of a dental model casting molded in said tray. The trough has a base frame which overlies an upwardly concave lower cavity for receiving liquid die stone after the casting base has solidified, hardened and been removed. The base frame has therethrough an elongated aperture joining the upper trough to the lower cavity. A resilient insert is removably lodged in the base frame aperture to form therewith a liquid-tight seal, whereupon liquid die stone is poured into the upper trough to form the base of a dental model casting. After the casting has hardened, the insert is removed, and pins are fitted into selected portions of the cast base.

Abstract: A refractory die removably mountable to a base with a model die for use in producing a crown or veneer to be attached to a tooth to be restored. The model die, produced from die stone, is removably mounted to the base with a portion of the model die corresponding to the tooth to be restored being separable therefrom and used to produce the refractory die. Porcelain is placed on the refractory die to produce the crown or veneer.

Abstract: A refractory die removably mountable to a base with a model die for use in producing a crown or veneer to be attached to a tooth to be restored. The model die, produced from die stone, is removably mounted to the base with a portion of the model die corresponding to the tooth to be restored being separable therefrom and used to produce the refractory die. Porcelain is placed on the refractory die to produce the crown or veneer.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a device for use with denture models comprised of a supporting plate having upper and lower sides, and having at least one opening located on the upper side. An area for receiving retention pins is provided on the upper side of the supporting plate, the opening being located in the area for receiving the retention pins. At least one fitting head is provided where the fitting head is longer than the depth of the opening. A lift off plate is also provided having upper and lower sides and having a surface capable of contacting the fitting head.

Abstract: The dental model pouring jig of the present invention includes a base member that supports a model base support member and a mold support member. The model base support member is secured to the base member and is capable of mounting a dental model base. The mold support member is adjustably secured to the base member and includes a mold platform that is capable of mounting a mold of a person's teeth. At least a portion of the mold platform is configured to be easily detached and reattached to the mold support member. The mold support member is adjustable relative to the model base support member to properly position the mold adjacent the dental model base.

Abstract: The dental model pouring jig of the present invention includes a base member that supports a model base support member and a mold support member. The model base support member is secured to the base member and is capable of mounting a dental model base. The mold support member is adjustably secured to the base member and capable of mounting a mold of a person's teeth. The mold support member is adjustable relative to the model base support member to properly position the mold adjacent the dental model base.

Abstract: An aligning dental impression transfer method and apparatus is described in which the transfer of the bite registration in centric occlusion is accurately preserved from a triple tray impression to the positioning upon an articulator. At each stage of the casting of a working model the spatial relationship of existing dental structures are preserved.

Abstract: A plug connection for jaw stump models for the releasable connection of tooth crown segments or jaw segments to a model base, which includes a plug pin (1) which can be connected in snap-lock fashion with a sleeve (12). A non-rotationally symmetric design of a rotational locking section (4), and a cross pin (7) arranged perpendicular to the plug pin axis, prevent rotary movement of the plug pin (1) in the sleeve. Disposed at the end of the plug pin (1) facing the sleeve is a spring element (8), which is provided with a circumferential annular groove (11) for a snap-locking connection with the sleeve. The spring element (8) comprises two spring tongues (10) separated by a continuous longitudinal slot (9). The sleeve provided for receiving the plug pin (1) comprises a projection projecting into the inner chamber for the snap-lock connection of the plug pin (1) with the sleeve as well as a sleeve opening region matching the rotational locking section (4) of the plug pin (1).

Abstract: A dental pin and bushing assembly for coupling of a removable die of a tooth to a working cast. The pin includes an axially extending head that can be secured in the die. The bushing is secured in the working cast, and includes an elongated sleeve with an interior shape for receiving the pin. A collar depends from the head of the pin for positionally locating the pin in a recess in the elongated sleeve. A body of the pin depends from the collar, and is co-axial with the head portion. An interior annular ring in the elongated sleeve mates with an annular groove of the pin when the collar portion is fully seated in the recess. The geometries of the annular ring and groove are such that the interior annular ring snaps into the annular groove, and thereby provides tactile feedback to the dental technician signaling that the pin is fully seated in the bushing.

Abstract: A dental modeling system includes a pair of supports for opposing dental casts which are articulated together by a pair of pivotally connected articulator arms. The support may include a plurality of integral registration pins extending from a top surface thereof which provide superior registration of a dental casts located thereon. The support may be directly attached to the articulator arm, or may be attached via a ball-and-socket joint, which, once located in the proper position, is glued in place. The articulator arm permits the castings to move toward and away from one another, and permits the replication of centric, excursive, and protrusive movements of the jaw. An alternative support for a dental cast includes a back member and a bottom member oriented at approximately 90° with respect to one another to form an L-shaped main body, onto which a dental cast may be attached.

Abstract: A dental modeling system includes a pair of supports for opposing dental casts which are articulated together by a pair of pivotally connected articulator arms. The support may include a plurality of integral registration pins extending from a top surface and a plurality of holes located in the top surface, which provide superior registration of a dental casts located thereon. The support may be directly attached to the articulator arm, or may be attached via a ball-and-socket joint, which, once located in the proper position, is glued in place. The articulator arm permits the castings to move toward and away from one another, and permits the replication of centric, excursive, and protrusive movements of the jaw. An alternative support for a dental cast includes a back member and a bottom member oriented at approximately 90° with respect to one another to form an L-shaped main body, onto which a dental cast may be attached.

Abstract: A coordinative dental-die-interlocking system includes a dental-die pin (1) anchored in a tooth-die base (4) and inserted removably in a die-pin sleeve (2) that is anchored in a dental-model base (6). The dental-die pin includes a pin that lock-fits in the die-pin sleeve. The dental-die pin and the die-pin sleeve include predeterminedly color-coded identification marking. A plurality of sizes of die pairs (11, 12, 13) which are color-coded mate rigidly in a system of coordinative interlocking to prevent mismatching errors and to save time matching dental-die pins and die-pin sleeves by dental artisans.

Abstract: A dental model base for supporting a cast dental model where the dental model base has preformed apertures adaptable for securing the dental model to the dental model base and for disengagably retaining a segment of the dental model representing a tooth to be repaired. The preformed apertures are formed through the dental model support surface and a projection extending into a cavity opposite the dental model support surface. The dental model base has a dental model base body which is adaptable for supporting the dental model. The dental model base body may be connected to a disposable articulator or to a metal articulator.

Abstract: A connecting pin for a socket connection for fastening dental crown or jaw segments to a model base comprises a fixing shank and a socket shank. The socket shank can be inserted releasably into a seat in a guiding sleeve which is accommodated in the model base. In order to make available a connection which is inexpensive and easy to produce, the outer radial surface area of the fixing shank, not loaded by external forces, has a radial undercut at least in the area of the smallest radius (rmin) of the surface area as viewed along the length of the fixing shank.

Abstract: The articulator of the present invention provides relative manipulation of dental casts for simulation of occlusal and masticatory movements of the mouth. The articulator consists of three parts—a lower frame, an upper frame, and a middle frame. The lower frame is comprised of an elongated rectangular box, a bracket, and a male hinge. The elongated box has an open bottom and an insert at the top with a series of grooves. The upper frame is comprised of an elongated, channeled surface, a deformable bracket, a female hinge, and a platform with holes. The bottom surface has flat areas to attach a pre-prepared cast with an adhesive. Outside of the flat areas are two rectangular boxes to pour the model stone, forming the opposing cast. A platform with three holes is provided for maintaining the original vertical height of the jaws. The horizontal section of the bracket may be softened by heating for quick bite correction and remounting.

Abstract: A dental modeling system includes a pair of supports for opposing dental casts which are articulated together by a pair of pivotally connected articulator arms. The support may include a plurality of integral registration pins extending from a top surface thereof which provide superior registration of a dental casts located thereon. The support may be directly attached to the articulator arm, or may be attached via a ball-and-socket joint, which, once located in the proper position, is glued in place. The articulator arm permits the castings to move toward and away from one another, and permits the replication of centric, excursive, and protrusive movements of the jaw. An alternative support for a dental cast includes a back member and a bottom member oriented at approximately 90° with respect to one another to form an L-shaped main body, onto which a dental cast may be attached.

Abstract: A dental modeling system includes a pair of supports for opposing dental casts which are articulated together by a pair of pivotally connected articulator arms. The support may include a plurality of integral registration pins extending from a top surface and a plurality of holes located in the top surface, which provide superior registration of a dental casts located thereon. The support may be directly attached to the articulator arm, or may be attached via a ball-and-socket joint, which, once located in the proper position, is glued in place. The articulator arm permits the castings to move toward and away from one another, and permits the replication of centric, excursive, and protrusive movements of the jaw. An alternative support for a dental cast includes a back member and a bottom member oriented at approximately 90° with respect to one another to form an L-shaped main body, onto which a dental cast may be attached.

Abstract: A dental model, in particular for practice purposes, is provided, and has a support plate with recesses for artificial teeth, each of which has a tooth stump that fits into the associated recess. A gum mass overlaps both the teeth of a row of teeth and the recesses. The teeth are each disengageably held on the plate and in their associated recess with friction.