Abstract: A re-positionable magnetic art apparatus which is provided in a variety of shapes and sizes. Characters of the apparatus are attracted to a sheet which underlies a picture within a frame, the frames provided in a variety of shapes. A clear laminate covering the picture separates the removably positionable characters from the picture, thereby providing for picture clarity throughout the life of the apparatus. Pictures are provided with characters which match both picture theme and picture scale, ensuring realistic artistic expression. Accessory character material is available which is printable on an inkjet printer.

Abstract: A motion estimation method and system for a mobile body are provided. The method includes: obtaining magnetic field information from compass information of the mobile body; comparing the magnetic field of the mobile body with a predetermined value and determining whether a position of the mobile body belongs to a specific region according to the comparison result; and estimating a direction of the mobile body by determining whether a compass azimuth angle is used for direction estimation of the mobile body according to the determination result.

Abstract: The invention provides a piezoelectric vibration gyro element including a pair of detecting resonant arms at its center, connecting arms each on, the right and left of the center, and a pair of driving resonant arms at each far end of the connecting arms, which makes it possible to secure the symmetry of the resonant arms' flexure and vibrating, and easily and accurately separate electrodes. In particular, two side surfaces of extension parts that extend along the direction in which each end surface of connecting arms extends, flat surfaces are provided to both sides in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which driving resonant arms extend. A wiring passing across the end surface of the extension parts in its thickness direction and joining front and back main surfaces of the end surface of the connecting arms and the extension parts can be formed so as to electrically couple the first driving electrodes each on the front and back main surfaces of the driving resonant arms.

Abstract: A treatment system for reducing stuttering uses an auditory feedback modification technique to train the stutterer's speech motor control system to be more stable. The auditory feedback modification is based on a model of speech motor control in the human brain that incorporates a variation of observer-based control and Smith prediction. In addition, the Kalman gain of the model is set by comparing the speech muscular control signals sent to the person's vocal tract to the corresponding auditory speech sounds the person actually hears. It is believed that the speech motor control system of a stutterer has set the Kalman gain too high, thereby creating an unstable control system that in turn causes stuttering. A feedback modifier feeds back the stutterer's speech to the stutterer with a perturbation that is small enough to pass a validator function that is believed to be part of the speech motor control system.