Abstract: An apparatus for training a user in contamination surveillance. The contamination may be from a nuclear, bacteriological or chemical explosion or leak, for example. The apparatus is portable and can be carried by the user to various points of an exercise area. The apparatus includes a data store and an interpolation device. The data store stores data which is derived from a mathematical model of an assumed source of contamination and which defines the contamination levels at various locations within the exercise area at respective elapsed times after the assumed commencement of contamination. The interpolation device is responsive to first signals which define the location within the exercise area and to second signals which define the elapsed time when the user of the apparatus inputs the first signals. The apparatus also may include a display on which is shown the contamination level, and a keyboard from which the first and second signals may be input.

Abstract: A simulated nuclear energy power plant system with visible internal working components comprising a reactor adapted to contain a liquid with heating elements submerged in the liquid and capable of heating the liquid to an elevated temperature, a steam generator containing water and a heat exchanger means to receive the liquid at an elevated temperature, transform the water to steam, and return the spent liquid to the reactor; a steam turbine receiving high energy steam to drive the turbine and discharging low energy steam to a condenser where the low energy steam is condensed to water which is returned to the steam generator; an electric generator driven by the turbine; indicating means to identify the physical status of the reactor and its contents; and manual and automatic controls to selectively establish normal or abnormal operating conditions in the reactor, steam generator, pressurizer, turbine, electric generator, condenser, and pumps; and to be selectively adjusted to bring the reactor to acceptable o

Abstract: A simulated radiation source and a compatible detector system are disclos The combination is useful in training for detecting alpha radiation contamination. A flexible, soft iron plate or first permanent magnet in the detector system responds to a second magnet that is employed to represent an alpha radiation source. Where the first permanent magnet is used, an iron member may be adopted in lieu of the second magnet. The simulated source is affixed to the subject's clothing or body. When the detector system is brought into proximity with the simulated radiation source, the soft plate or first magnet responds and affects a strain gage which in turn provides an electronic indication.

Abstract: An ultrasound phantom is provided which simulates human tissue containing tissue masses viable for biopsy. The phantom is used to demonstrate or teach the performance of a biopsy procedure assisted by real-time ultrasonic imaging. The phantom comprises a plurality of small balloons, filled with a viscous substance, and tied shut. The balloons are distributed through and surrounded by a gelatinous substance comprising tissue equivalent material. During a simulated biopsy procedure, a section of the phantom is imaged as a biopsy needle penetrates through the tissue equivalent material, pierces one of the balloons, and aspirates some of the viscous substance from the balloon.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for simulating, in conjunction with a source of ionizing radiation, intense pulsed electromagnetic fields and time varying conductivity caused by the gamma radiation associated with a nuclear detonation. An enclosed space, including the source of ionizing radiation is separated into three spaces, each space separated from the adjacent space by a gas impermeable, radiation permeable barrier. A guided wave structure, pulsed with high voltage pulses in conjunction with the firing of the source of ionization radiation is disposed adjacent to the barrier separating two of the spaces. A gas handling system is provided to introduce a selected non-ionizing gas and a selected ionizing gas into the spaces on either side of the barrier adjacent to the guided wave structure.

Abstract: A phantom simulation imaging quality control device that effectively simulates one centimeter lesions, using steel ball bearings as gamma ray attenuators. The bearings are mounted in a synthetic resinous sheet in an orthogonal pattern. The phantom can provide uniformity, resolution, linearity, distortion and field size checks, all with a single exposure.