Abstract: Agrobacterium strains which have lost the capacity to proliferate vigorously in vitro or in planta, are provided, as well as transformation methods using these Agrobacterium strains.

Abstract: A method of enhancing inorganic carbon fixation by a photosynthetic organism. The method is effected by transforming cells of the photosynthetic organism with an expressible polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having a bicarbonate transporter activity. Preferably, the polynucleotide further includes a plant promoter. Sequences and constructs for implementing the method are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides novel methods of using viral replicase polypeptides and polynucleotides. Included are methods for increasing transformation frequencies, increasing crop yield, providing a positive growth advantage, modulating cell division, transiently modulating cell division, and for providing a means of positive selection.

Abstract: The present invention provides genetically altered plants and plant cells that have been modified to contain expression system(s) capable of expressing a functional polyketide synthase (PKS). The present invention further provides methods of producing PKS and polyketides using these plants and cells.

Abstract: An isolated protein which exhibits cytokinin oxidizing activity selected from the group consisting of SEQ. ID No. 1, a protein having an amino acid sequence which includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID No. 1, a protein having an amino acid sequence which includes a portion of the amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID No. 1, the included portion being at least about 20 amino acid residues in length and conferring the cytokinin oxidizing activity on the protein, and a protein including an amino acid sequence with at least about 65% sequence identity to SEQ. ID No. 1, the remainder of amino acid residues being conservatively substituted. Nucleic acids encoding proteins which exhibit cytokinin oxidizing activity and related products and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The tomato Cf-4 gene has been isolated by positional cloning and its sequence provided, along with the encoded amino acid sequence. DNA encoding the polypeptide, alleles, mutants and derivatives thereof, and DNA encoding amino acid sequences showing a significant degree of homology thereto may be introduced into plant cells and the encoded polypeptide expressed, conferring pathogen resistance on plants comprising such cells and descendants thereof. The Cf-4 sequence shows a high degree of homology to Cf-9 and comprises leucine rich repeats.

Abstract: Described are nucleic acid molecules encoding polypeptides having the enzymatic activity of an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP). Vectors comprising said nucleic acid molecules, wherein the nucleic acid molecules are operatively linked to regulatory elements allowing expression in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells are provided. Additionally, polypeptides encoded by said nucleic acid molecules and methods for the production of said polypeptides are described. Described are also pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions as well as kits comprising the aforementioned nucleic acid molecules and/or comprising a nucleic acid molecule which is complementary to such a nucleic acid molecule. Said compositions and kits may further comprise polypeptides encoded by the described nucleic acid molecules. Furthermore, antagonists and inhibitors of the aforesaid polypeptides and/or antibodies specifically recognizing such polypeptides are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides polynucleotides and related polypeptides of the enzyme APAO isolated from Exophiala spinifera. Additionally, the polynucleotide encoding for the APAO enzyme can be used to transform plant cells normally susceptible to Fusarium or other toxin-producing fungus infection. Plants can be regenerated from the transformed plant cells. Additionally, the present invention provides for expressing both APAO and a fumonisin esterase in a transgenic plant. In this way, a transgenic plant can be produced with the capability of degrading fumonisin, as well as with the capability of producing the degrading enzymes. In addition, the present invention provides methods for producing the APAO enzyme in both prokaryotic and non-plant eukaryotic systems. Methods for detoxification in grain, grain processing, silage, food crops and in animal feed and rumen microbes are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved method of Agrobacterium transformation of plants, particularly Gramineae, is provided, utilizing conditions capable of inhibiting Agrobacterium-induced necrosis.

Abstract: Provided are DNA fragments and biologically functional equivalents thereof that confer resistance to porphyrin-accumulating type herbicides upon plant and algal cells, plasmids containing these DNA fragments or biologically functional equivalents thereof, microorganisms containing these DNA fragments or biologically functional equivalents thereof, methods for conferring resistance to porphyrin-accumulating type herbicides upon plant or algal cells using these DNA fragments or biologically functional equivalents thereof, and herbicide-resistant plants or algae into which these DNA fragments or biologically functional equivalents thereof have been introduced and in which they are expressed.

Abstract: ACC synthases of higher plants are coded by multigene families; only certain members of these families are responsible for various plant development characteristics effected by ethylene. Control of the processes in plants which are mediated by ACC synthase, such as fruit ripening, can be effected by controlling expression of the relevant ACC synthase gene. In addition, comparison of the amino acid and nucleotide sequence of the ACC synthases from cucumber and tomato provides consensus sequences that permit the design of PCR primers that permit the isolation of ACC synthases from a variety of higher plants.

Abstract: A novel gene, DDM1, and its encoded protein are provided. The gene was isolated from a region of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. DDM1 appears to be part of the SWI2/SNF2 family of chromatin-remodeling proteins. Disruption of the gene results in DNA hypomethylation, among other phenotypes. The DDM1 gene defines a novel member of the DNA methylation system. Methods of using DDM1, and transgenic organisms comprising DDM1, are also provided.

Abstract: A new and distinct plant, Toma-P, fruit of said plant which has a crunchy texture but mild flavor, is described and claimed.

Abstract: A transgenic flowering plant exhibiting a novel phenotype contains in its genome a genetic construct in which an AGL15 sequence is placed under the control of a promoter that is expressed in the plant, the promoter not being natively associated with the AGL15 sequence. A genetic construct that is useful for obtaining transgenic plants includes an AGL15 sequence under the control of a promoter, not natively associated with the AGL15 sequence, which is functional in plants.

Abstract: The tomato polygalacturonase (PG) .beta.-subunit promoter has been isolated and sequenced. The promoter can be used to make gene constructs including a protein-coding nucleotide sequence not natively associated with the promoter and a sufficient portion of the promoter such that the portion actuates the preferential expression of the protein-coding nucleotide sequence in tomato tissue. While other .beta.-subunit genes are found in tomato, the tomato fruit PG .beta.-subunit promoter is particularly useful as a both tissue specific and developmentally regulated promoter.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically relating to a dent corn inbred KW7791 and a resultant single cross dent corn hybrid designated as 6060Bt. Inbred KW7791 is especially bred for the north central United States and has demonstrated through the heterosis/hybrid vigor displayed in several single cross hybrids of which KW7791 is one of the parents, that it has superior general combining ability. Hybrid 6060Bt is a single cross hybrid developed by using KW7791 as one of the parents. Hybrid 6060Bt is a variety having superior agronomic performance that was especially bred for the north central United States.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new plant resistance gene family, the members of which encode plant resistance polypeptides having P-loop and LRR structural motifs. Also disclosed are substantially pure plant DNAs encoding such polypeptides. The invention further involves transgenic plants and transformed host cells that express these DNAs and exhibit enhanced disease resistance to plant pathogens.

Abstract: Products and methods for amplifying target nucleic acids using cells derived from plants are disclosed. The products include nucleic acids containing a plant active Amplification Promoting Sequence (APS) and the methods exploit these products in amplifying target nucleic acids. Also disclosed are methods for amplifying target nucleic acids that express an encoded product, and the recovery of that expression product. The methods of the invention minimize operator intervention and exploit solar energy and the minimal nutrient needs of photoautotrophic organisms to provide inexpensive and indefinitely sustainable methods for producing a variety of amplified target nucleic acids and encoded products such as polypeptides.

Abstract: Essentially pure acyltransferase is provided which is functional to catalyze reaction to form sugar esters. Also provided is isolated gene encoding acyltransferase. Additionally provided is method for forming palmityl esters of glucose comprising reacting 1-O-palmitoyl-.beta.-D-glucose with itself, with glucose or with palmityl partial ester of glucose in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of acyltransferase.

Abstract: A plant, the nuclear genome of which is transformed with a foreign DNA sequence encoding a product which neutralizes the activity of another product which disrupts the metabolism, functioning and/or development selectively of the plant's flower cells, particularly reproductive organ cells, or seed cells or embryo cells. The foreign DNA sequence also optionally encodes a marker.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid maize plant, designated as 38F70, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize lines. This invention relates to the hybrid seed 38F70, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of hybrid 38F70.

Abstract: A new synapsin protein, designated synapsin III, its amino acid sequence, and its human gene have been isolated and characterized. The synapsin III gene is located on human chromosome 22, in the vicinity of a region previously identified as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. The information and experimental tools provided by this discovery can be used to generate new therapeutic agents or diagnostic assays for this new protein, its associated mRNA or its associated genomic DNA. Due to its role in neurotransmission and synaptogenesis, this synapsin III is associated with the symptoms of psychiatric diseases, especially schizophrenia.

Abstract: A universal process is disclosed for extracting and purifying nucleic acids from extremely small amounts of highly contaminated various biological and other starting materials. The invention has applications in forensic medicine, medical diagnosis, molecular biology, biochemistry, genetic technology and all related fields. The process is characterized in that nucleic acid-containing materials are lysed, the lysate is incubated with a non-porous, non-structured, highly disperse, homogeneous and chemically pure SiO.sub.2 substrate, the substrate is isolated with the bound nucleic acids and washed with a buffer solution, then the nucleic acids are dissolved from the substrate by a buffer with a lower salt concentration. Lysis of the material and nucleic acid immobilization are preferably carried out in a reaction vessel. The substrate particles have a size of 7-40 nm, preferably 40 nm, and a specific surface from 50-300 g/m.sup.2, preferably 50 g/m.sup.2.

Abstract: A promoter derived from an SHH gene, especially the SHH gene of Arabidopsis thaliana which is capable of directing expression on a variety of operator genes in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The promoter of the invention may be used for directing expression of pathogen resistance genes to disease or wound sites.

Abstract: The present invention provide nucleic acids encoding polypeptides which confer resistance to Xanthomonas spp. The nucleic acids can be used to produce transgenic plants resistant to the pathogen.

Abstract: A variety of Brassica napus, designated AG019, and varieties essentially derived therefrom, having oil which combines oxidative stability sufficient for industrial applications with a desirable dietary fatty acid profile. Plants, seeds, tissue cultures, and plants regenerated from tissue cultures. Oil having an oleic acid content of from about 71.4% to about 77.4%, a linolenic acid content of no more than about 3%, an oleic:linolenic acid ratio value of at least about 34.0, and an (oleic+linoleic)/linolenic acid ratio value of at least about 41.2. The oil has substantially improved oxidative stability, relatively to normal rapeseed oil, when both are treated with antioxidant.

Abstract: Provided herein are signal peptides, and constructs and vectors having signal peptides, as well as methods of using signal peptides to deliver proteins into secretory material. The invention facilitates the purification of recombinant proteins. Also provided are a new class of proteins called nectarins, from which the signal peptides may be derived. Additionally, the nectarins possess oxalate oxidase activity and have utility as agents for treating diseases or conditions relating to abnormal oxalate deposition or metabolism or as diagnostics for measuring oxalate concentrations in specimens.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for enhancing the expression of genes in plants by supplying a virally encoded booster sequence comprising the 5' proximal region of the potyvirus genome to the plant. The booster sequence enhances the expression of foreign genes or endogenous plant genes in plants by employing any known methodology of expressing introduced genes in plants. The booster sequence may be used to enhance expression of any gene, including foreign genes or endogenous plant genes, introduced by means of stable transformation into the genome of the plant or introduced by expression from a plant viral expression vector.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH2CB, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH2CB, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH2CB with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH2CB with another maize line or plant.

Abstract: An inbred maize line, designated PH080, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH080, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH080 with itself or with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produced by crossing the inbred line PH080 with another maize line or plant.

Abstract: This invention is in the field of corn breeding, specifically relating to a single cross dent corn hybrid designated as 5953. Hybrid 5953 is a variety especially bred for the north central United States having superior resistance to grey leaf blight.

Abstract: A synthetic hybrid corn plant having the designation P54, produced by crossing two proprietary DuPont TopCross International maize synthetics, LP39.1B-Lancaster and LP44.1A-Reid. P54 has the unique property of imparting high oil and high protein levels in the grain of certain normal and male sterile hybrids when used as a pollinator. P54 is characterized by excellent cold tolerant seedling vigor for rapid emergence in cold soils and excellent early-season adaptability facilitating nicking with early maize hybrids to condition fast dry-down and superior grain quality in the grain arising from the recipient female grain parent. This invention thus relates to the seeds, plants and plant parts of P54, to plants regenerated from tissue culture of the plants or plant parts of P54, to a method of producing P54, and to a method for producing high oil grain using P54 as a pollinator.

Abstract: A nucleotide sequence comprising a transcriptional regulatory sequence and a sequence contiguous therewith and under the transcriptional control thereof, which contiguous sequence encodes an RNA which consists of a plurality of sub-sequences, characterized in that at least two of the sub-sequences have the sequences of viral RNAs and the RNA contains at least one translational stop codon located upstream of the 3' terminal sub-sequence. It is preferred that at least one of the sub-sequences is in an anti-sense configuration with respect to virus RNA, and that the contiguous sequence encodes mRNA. The invention also includes, inter alia, the use of such a sequence in the generation of virus resistant or tolerant plants, and such plants comprising the sequence.

Abstract: A synthetic hybrid corn plant having the designation P55, produced by crossing two proprietary DuPont TopCross International maize synthetics, LP41.1B-Lancaster and LP44.1A-Reid. P55 has the unique property of imparting high oil and high protein levels in the grain of certain normal and male sterile hybrids when used as a pollinator. P55 is characterized by excellent cold tolerant seedling vigor for rapid emergence in cold soils and excellent early-season adaptability to nick with early maize hybrids that condition fast dry-down and superior grain quality in the recipient female grain parent. This invention thus relates to the seeds, plants and plant parts of P55, to plants regenerated from tissue culture of the plants of P55, to a method of producing P55, and to a method for producing high oil grain using P55 as a pollinator.

Abstract: A novel mammalian cytokine, IL-11, and processes for producing it are disclosed. IL-11 may be used in pharmaceutical preparations for stimulating and/or enhancing cells involved in the immune response and cells involved in the proper functioning of the hematopoietic system.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for purifying DNA which has relatively high molecular weight from a biological sample containing DNA is described. The method comprises the steps (1) lysing the red blood cells in the sample; 2) lysing DNA-containing cells; (3) precipitating the proteins from sample; and (4) and rehydrating and recovering the DNA. method offers the advantages of performance in less than 15 minutes, not requiring organic or poisonous materials, compatibility with most anticoagulants, and requiring less solutions than conventional purification procedures, thus making it simpler and more economical to use.

Abstract: Essentially pure acyltransferase is provided which is functional to catalyze reaction to form sugar esters. Also provided is isolated gene encoding acyltransferase. Additionally provided is method for forming palmityl esters of glucose comprising reacting 1-O-palmitoyl-.beta.-D-glucose with itself, with glucose or with palmityl partial ester of glucose in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of acyltransferase.

Abstract: Regulatory regions from genes expressed during a particular developmental stage or in a specific tissue are identified employing cDNA screening. The resulting regulatory regions are manipulated for use with foreign sequences for introduction into plant cells to provide transformed plants having phenotypic property which can be modulated. The invention is exemplified with light, seed and a fruit-specific promoters.

Abstract: The invention relates to the clone pTOM36, comprising a gene encoding an enzyme involved in ripening related processes in tomato. Also described are DNA constructs comprising pTOM36 and a transcriptional intiation region operative in plants such that pTOM36 RNA is generated in plant cells, and tomato cells transformed with the DNA constructs.

Abstract: Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), its process for preparation, its cDNA, and utilization of cDNA to modify the expression of SPS in the plant cells are provided.

Abstract: Transgenic plants that are modified to produce fruits that have altered levels of soluble solids compared to non-transgenic species of the same species are provided. The transgenic plants are modified by introduction of DNA constructs that encode invertase operatively linked to DNA encoding regulatory regions that direct transcription of the DNA encoding invertase and to DNA encoding sequences that direct proper processing of the invertase through the secretory pathways of the plant and targeting of the invertase to the vacuole.In particular, DNA constructs encoding tomato plant vacuolar invertase in operative linkage with a developmentally regulated promoter region are provided. Preferred regulatory and structural DNA is obtained from genomic DNA clones and cDNA clones encoding tomato fruit vacuolar invertases from the commercial tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum, and wild tomato plant, Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium.

Abstract: DNA constructs comprise a DNA sequence homologous to some or all of the pectinesterase gene encoded by the clone pB8 (Sequence ID No.1), under control of a transcriptional initiation region operative in plants for transcribing this DNA sequence, optionally in the antisense direction to produce RNA complementary to the gene mRNA. From such constructs may be derived transformed plant cells and plants in which expression of pectinesterase genes is inhibited: fruit from the plants (such as tomatoes) can show modified ripening properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an isolated gene fragment which confers disease resistance to plants by responding to an avirulence gene in plant pathogens. The gene fragment encodes for protein kinase, particularly serine/threonine kinase. The gene can be cloned into an expression vector to produce a recombinant DNA expression system suitable for insertion into cells to form a transgenic plant transformed with that gene fragment. Also disclosed is a process of conferring disease resistance to plants by growing plant host cells transformed with that expression system and expressing the gene conferring disease resistance to impart such resistance to the host cells.

Abstract: Genes encoding Class II EPSPS enzymes are disclosed. The genes are useful in producing transformed bacteria and plants which are tolerant to glyphosate herbicide. Class II EPSPS genes share little homology with known, Class I EPSPS genes, and do not hybridize to probes from Class I EPSPS's. The Class II EPSPS enzymes are characterized by being more kinetically efficient than Class I EPSPS's in the presence of glyphosate. Plants transformed with Class II EPSPS genes are also disclosed as well as a method for selectively controlling weeds in a planted transgenic crop field.

Abstract: A DNA fragment which encodes the coat protein of cucumber mosaic virus strain c (CMV-C), the method of preparing it, its use to prepare transgenic plants and transgenic plants containing it are provided.

Abstract: Linoleic acid is converted into .gamma.-linolenic acid by the enzyme .DELTA.6-desaturase. The present invention is directed to isolated nucleic acids comprising the .DELTA.6-desaturase gene. More particularly, the isolated nucleic acid comprises the promoter, coding region and termination regions of the .DELTA.6-desaturase gene. The present invention provides recombinant constructions comprising the .DELTA.6-desaturase coding region in functional combination with heterologous regulatory sequences. The nucleic acids and recombinant constructions of the instant invention are useful in the production of GLA in transgenic organisms.

Abstract: TFM7 and TFM9, promoters for expression of a gene of choice in fruits such as tomato; DNA molecules, plant cells and plants containing them.

Abstract: Promoters for enhanced expression of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in potato tubers and fruits such as tomato; methods of using them; DNA molecules, plant cells and plants containing them. A method of decreasing the oil content of seeds by expression of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.

Abstract: A vulcanizing apparatus having penetrating passages connected and communicated with a jacket portion of a mold member. An upper open end portion of one of the penetrating passages is connected to a steam inlet pipe while an upper open end portion of the other penetrating passage is connected to a steam outlet pipe. The connections and communications of the jacket portion with the steam inlet and outlet pipes can be simultaneously and efficiently completed in a single operation. Inner tubes are slidably disposed along the penetrating passages and pressed against the connecting surface of the mold, and appropriate pressure is applied on the seal packing member on the connecting surface independent from the clamping force of the upper mold in order to ensure reliable sealing.