Abstract: The present invention provides methods for directing the evolution of microorganisms comprising the use of mutator genes and growth under conditions of selective pressure. The method discloses mutator genes which can be used in the methods of the present invention and provides ATCC deposits which exemplify the evolved microorganisms produced by the methods.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 20, 2003
Date of Patent:
October 24, 2006
Assignee:
Genencor International, Inc.
Inventors:
Volker Schellenberger, Amy D. Liu, Olga V. Selifonova
Abstract: The thin film transistor has a non-transparent structure besides and insulated with the gate. Hence, the light transmitted from the substrate is blocked and the light current induced in the thin film transistor is negligible. The method uses a mask with a slit pattern to form a non-uniform photoresist. Hence, the mask could be used to pattern two conductor layers for forming source/drain/channel.
Abstract: The present invention provides methods for directing the evolution of microorganisms comprising the use of mutator genes and growth under conditions of selective pressure. The method discloses mutator genes which can be used in the methods of the present invention and provides ATCC deposits which exemplify the evolved microorganisms produced by the methods.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
October 23, 2001
Date of Patent:
March 16, 2004
Assignee:
Genencor International, Inc.
Inventors:
Volker Schellenberger, Amy D. Liu, Olga V. Selifonova
Abstract: Shuttle vectors for inserting DNA in mycobacteria including at least one origin of functional replication in said mycobacteria, another origin of functional replication in other bacteria, an enzyme cutting site allowing the insertion of DNA coding for a protein capable of being expressed in the mycobacteria, wherein the shuttle vectors also carry a gene providing on said mycobacteria resistance to a compound containing a heavy metal.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 21, 1999
Date of Patent:
October 29, 2002
Assignees:
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
(Inserm), Institut Paster de Lille
Inventors:
Vincent Escuyer, Alain Baulard, Patrick Berche, Camille Locht, Nadia Haddad
Abstract: A biocatalyst such as an enzyme or microbe is immobilized in a polymer gel having a phase transition temperature such that it is capable of reversibly swelling and shrinking by a change in temperature. By lowering the temperature, the polymer gel is caused to swell and a biocatalyst is absorbed therein and by raising the temperature, the polymer gel is caused to shrink and immobilize the biocatalyst. The biocatalyst may then be released by cooling the polymer to cause it to swell. Only a portion of the polymer gel may be subjected to temperature change to immobilize the biocatalyst only in a desired portion.