Abstract: A method for purifying factor VIII/vWF complex or free vWF by immunoaffinity chromatography in a form suitable for use as a medicament. Factor VIII/vWF complex or free vWF is recovered from an immunoaffinity adsorbent by using an eluting agent containing a zwitterionic species. The presence of the zwitterionic species allows for the use of mild conditions throughout the preparation, facilitating retention of molecular integrity, activity, and incorporation of the recovered proteins into pharmaceutical preparations without the need for additional stabilizers or preservatives.

Abstract: Disorders are diagnosed by analyzing biological samples of ad libitum-fed and dietary-restricted individuals to generate frequency distribution patterns representative of molecular constituents of the samples, and comparing the patterns.

Abstract: A chromatographic assay or test device for detection and/or determination of an analyte in a test sample, comprises a base member, and a chromatographic medium located in or on said base member, the base member being provided with a receptacle to receive an applicator having the sample applied thereto, and the applicator being movable when located in said receptacle between a first position in which the applicator is out of fluid contact with the chromatographic medium, and a second position in which the applicator is in fluid contact with the chromatographic medium so as to apply a sample on the applicator to the chromatographic medium. In an alternative aspect, the test device comprises a base member, and a second member, at least one of the base member and the second member including a chromatographic medium, and the second member being slidably movable with respect to the base member from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: This invention relates methods for conditioning affinity chromatography resins to decrease leaching of the ligand during purification. The methods involve incubating the resin in a buffered solution of a hydroxyalkylamine compound (e.g., ethanolamine) prior to use of the resin for an affinity purification. The treatment removes unstably bound ligand from the resin.

Abstract: A microsphere is prepared containing a compound possessing physiological activity coupled to a styrene-glycidyl methacrylate polymer through a spacer. Compounds that may be used include receptors such as proteins, and 3-[(5-(2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-benzoquinonyl)]-2-nonyl-2-propionic acid. A preferred spacer is an ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether derivative. Preferably, the whole surface of the styrene-glycidyl methacrylate polymer is covered with glycidyl methacrylate. The microsphere may be used for isolating and detecting substances such as proteins that bind to the coupled compound.

Abstract: The T cell activation marker, granulysin, is demonstrated to be an effective antimicrobial agent. It is used in vitro and in vivo to reduce the population of viable cells in a microbial population. Of particular interest is the use of the active fragment of human granulysin, or modified forms thereof, to treat bacterial infections.

Abstract: This invention relates to the isolation of a novel putative efflux gene from Pseudomonas mendocina. The putative efflux gene is useful for probing an organism's efflux system to gain an understanding of the mechanisms of solvent tolerance. The invention further provides a Pseudomonas mendocina strain deficient in this gene. This strain is unable to grow in the presence of chloramphenicol and, compared to the wildtype strain, grows slowly in the presence of high concentrations of PHBA.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining cholesterol in low density lipoprotein comprising the steps of (a) measuring total cholesterol level in a sample containing at least high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron, and (b) measuring cholesterol levels in the high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron in the sample, wherein the cholesterol level in the low density lipoprotein is determined by subtracting a value obtained in step (b) from a value obtained in step (a). The present invention enables concurrent determination of cholesterol level in low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol level, facilitating acquisition of two types of biological information at a time.

Abstract: Mixed-bed solid phases are provided, with methods for using such solid phases to isolate target nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA, RNA, or nucleic acids generated by enzymatic amplification from contaminants, including proteins, lipids, cellular debris, or other nucleic acids. The mixed-bed solid phases of this invention are mixtures of at least two different solid phases, each of which has a capacity to bind to the target nucleic acid under different solution conditions, and the capacity to release the nucleic acid under similar elution conditions. By exchanging solution conditions according to the methods of this invention, one can remove contaminants from the target nucleic acid bound to the mixed-bed solid phase, then elute the target nucleic acid in an elution buffer.

Abstract: A method for recovering small bandgap fullerenes, including metallofullerenes, from soot by passivating individual fullerenes and/or metallofullerenes to an anionic configuration. The addition of extra electrons to a metallofullerene or small bandgap fullerene breaks the inter-fullerene bonding in the solid material, and the resulting anions are soluble in organic electrochemical solvents. Once dissolved, the small bandgap fullerenes can be plated out or precipitated by returning them to a neutral state.

Abstract: A comprehensive and integrated system for monitoring (identifying, tracking and analyzing) an individual patient's malignancy through the duration of a malignancy as to a specific patient is provided. The method of the present invention allows for initial identification of a malignancy, identification of malignancy-specific cellular or secretal markers, identification of cellular or secreted markers indicative of complications, study of the invasiveness and aggressiveness of the malignancy, study of the growth rate of the malignancy, study of the effect of therapies on the malignancy as compared to control cells of the same patient (chemosensitivity versus toxicity) and the identification of a therapeutic index (i.e., the ratio of chemosensitivity:toxicity), study of tumor morphology and study of histological, cytochemical and immunocytochemical markers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensitive assay for objectively determining the genotype of cucurbit plants, particularly species of melon, with respect to resistance or susceptibility to Fusarium wilt infection. The assay of the present invention uses a polymerase chain reaction to amplify sample DNA using either an AM or FM oligonucleotide primer pair. The PCR product which results from either primer pair differs in size, depending upon whether the template DNA was obtained from a plant susceptible or resistant to Fusarium wilt, permitting easy and rapid identification of plant genotype.

Abstract: Mixed-bed solid phases are provided, with methods for using such solid phases to isolate target nucleic acids, such as plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA, RNA, or nucleic acids generated by enzymatic amplification from contaminants, including proteins, lipids, cellular debris, or other nucleic acids. The mixed-bed solid phases of this invention are mixtures of at least two different solid phases, each of which has a capacity to bind to the target nucleic acid under different solution conditions, and the capacity to release the nucleic acid under similar elution conditions. By exchanging solution conditions according to the methods of this invention, one can remove contaminants from the target nucleic acid bound to the mixed-bed solid phase, then elute the target nucleic acid in an elution buffer.

Abstract: The invention provides novel developmentally-regulated hippocampal genes and polypeptides encoded by those genes. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, and antibodies. The invention also provides methods for diagnosing, treating or preventing diseases associated with hippocampus.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the isolation, diagnosis and treatment of microorganisms such as flaviviruses and other hemorrhagic fever viruses are based on the sulfated polyanion-dependent interaction of flaviviruses and hemorrhagic fever viruses, in particular dengue virus, with target cells. The cellular receptors targeted by these viruses have been identified as sulfated polyanionic glycoproteins, that include highly sulfated heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans for some target cell types, and as a sulfated mucin on vascular endothelium. Compounds such as heparin, highly sulfated heparan sulfate, and synthetic polyanions such as Suramin, inhibit the interaction between the microorganisms and target cells, thereby disrupting the infective process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting genetic variation in individuals by PCR amplification of the locus of interest, transferring the resulting PCR products to a membrane filter, hybridizing with allele-specific-oligonucleotides (ASOs), and visualizing the results. Such a method is in the field of diagnostics, pharmacogenetics, cancer therapeutics, and drug metabolism. In particular, the present invention relates to the detection of genetic polymorphisms in gene encoding xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and NAT2.

Abstract: A compound having a polysaccharide binding domain such as contained by a cellulose and essentially lacking in polysaccharidase activity is purified from other ingredients in a mixture using an affinity partition system. A mixture containing the compound is contacted with a system containing as a first phase an aqueous solution of oligosaccharide polymer such as cellulose and as a second phase a solution of a polymer such as a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) copolymer. The compound petitions into the first phase and binds to the oligosaccharide polymer, preferably with a Ka of 103 to 107, to form a complex. The complex is collected, and the compound is dissociated from the oligosaccharide polymer. The compound may be formed of a non-peptide chemical moiety or a peptide moiety linked to a polypeptide having the polysaccharide binding domain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for purifying recombinant HCV single or specific oligomeric envelope proteins selected from the group consisting of E1 and/or E2 and/or E1/E2, characterized in that upon lysing the transformed host cells to isolate the recombination expressed protein a disulphide bond cleavage or reduction step is carried out with a disulphide bond cleavage agent. The present invention also relates to a composition isolated by such a method. The present invention also relates to the diagnostic and therapeutic application of these compositions. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of HCV E1 protein and peptides for prognosing and monitoring the clinical effectiveness and/or clinical outcome of HCV treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the purification of large scale quantities of active (infectious) adenovirus and AAV, especially for use in therapeutic applications. In particular, the invention provides improved methods for contacting such viruses with suitable chromatographic materials in a fashion such that any damage to the virus, particularly to surface components thereof, resulting from contact with such chromatographic materials is minimized or eliminated. The result is the ability to rapidly and efficiently purify commercial level quantities of active (infectious) virus suitable for use in therapeutic applications, e.g. gene transfer/therapy procedures.

Abstract: Novel magnetic assay methods and systems, as well as systems for conducting spectrophotometric analysis therewith. According to a preferred embodiment, the magnetic assay methods and systems incorporate a chromatographic medium, such as an assay test strip, that is designed to be contacted with a test solution having activated magnetic particles. A magnetic field, generated by a magnet or electromagnet, is additionally provided that if selectively applied to a chromatographic medium which causes the charged particles to become substantially bound at a site all in the chromatographic medium specified by the position of the magnets, to thus form a captured line or zone. To the degree of magnetic force applied to the medium may be selectively adjusted to vary the width or surface area of the capture line or zone. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, capture lines may be formed while test strips are in motion along a stationary magnetized rail.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic separation device comprising a container having one or more outer surfaces; at least one magnetic sheet; and a physical coupler that is used to detachably secure the container to the magnetic sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic separation device comprising a container having one or more outer surfaces; at least one flexible magnetic sheet; and a non-permanent adhesive that is used to detachably secure an outer surface of the container to a flexible magnetic sheet.

Abstract: Citric acid and/or the salts thereof are produced from a raw material containing carbohydrates. An aqueous solution of the raw material is converted into a first solution containing citric acid by means of fermentation, and from the first solution a second solution containing citric acid is obtained by means of a cell separation. The second solution is subjected to a protein precipitation at temperatures of 2 to 70.degree. C., and protein is separated by filtration. From the filtration, a third solution containing citric acid is obtained, and the same is passed through a first anion exchanger. The solution containing citric acid, which is discharged from the first anion exchanger, is passed through a second anion exchanger, which is selectively charged with citric acid. The second anion exchanger charged with citric acid is eluted with hydroxide solution or water, and there is thus obtained a fourth solution, in which citrate or citric acid is dissolved.

Abstract: Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA sequences from the ribosomal RNA gene region are described for different species and strains of Helminthosporium carbonum, Helminthosporium turcicum, Helminthosporium maydis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Kabatiella zeae and Puccinia sorghi. Specific primers from within these sequences are identified as being useful for the identification of the fungal isolates using PCR-based techniques. Also described is a novel extraction buffer solution for use in isolating DNA from an organism.

Abstract: The device and methods herein disclosed were developed to allow a large number of small samples of organic tissue to be processed. The goal was to allow for the capture of these intracellular contents for study, use, and/or amplification. Though the device and specific protocols can be used to retrieve a variety of intracellular molecules one of the preferred embodiments particularly lends itself to the extraction of DNA. The electromagnetic device uses a set of terraced coils controlled in such a matter as to continually alternate polarity and thereby emulate the random motion of a manual mortal and pestle. This simulation of random motion is created through the arrangement of coils found in this invention. Methods were also developed to aid in the retrieval of DNA or other intracellular components using this device such that these components can be isolated and then used for study, amplification, or a variety of different purposes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards isolated lactobacillus biosurfactants and the process for producing same. The present invention is also directed to methods for preventing urogenital infection in mammals using the isolated lactobacillus biosurfactant. The present invention is further directed to methods of inhibiting microbial biofilm formation using the isolated lactobacillus biosurfactant to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms, and to displace adherent biofilm-forming bacteria from surfaces.

Abstract: A two-phase partition system is provided for affinity separation of a composition containing a polysaccharide binding peptide from a mixture such as a fermentation broth. The peptide may be from an enzyme and lacking in polysaccharidase activity such as the binding domain of cellulase that binds to cellulose. The system contains a phase-forming oligosaccharide polymer such as a cellulose derivative to which the peptide binds with a Ka of 10.sup.3 M to 10.sup.7 M, and a phase inducing agent such as a polyethylene glycol polymer, or a salt present at sufficiently high concentration to induce phase separation. If the oligosaccharide polymer is thermoseparating, phase separation can be induced by heating. Using the system involves contacting a composition containing the peptide such as a fusion protein with the system, partitioning the composition into a phase containing the oligosaccharide polymer by binding to the polymer and recovering the polymer containing the bound composition.

Abstract: Chemically resistant, strong fluorinated copolymer adsorbent particles for use in carrying out chromatographic separations are prepared by high shear, anaerobic reaction of a di-unsaturated crosslinking agent with a polyfluorinated monomer in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a porogen.

Abstract: A process for producing an amide compound is described, wherein from a nitrile compound, the corresponding amide compound is produced by the action of nitrile hydratase, characterized in that the hydrocyanic acid concentration in a composition containing the nitrile compound is reduced by a chemical process, and thereafter nitrile hydratase acts on the nitrile compound. According to the invention, the decrease of the activity of the enzyme nitrile hydratase can be effectively suppressed so that an amide compound can be effectively produced from a nitrile compound.

Abstract: A substance possessing physiological activity is coupled to a styrene-glycidyl methacrylate polymer through a spacer, and is used to isolate from a mixture a substance that can adhere to the substance possessing physiological activity. Preferably the polymer is in the form of a microsphere, the substance possessing physiological activity is 3-[(5-(2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinonyl)]-2-nonyl-2-propionic acid or derivative thereof, and the spacer is an ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether derivative. The mixture may be a cell extract and the substance isolated a protein that is a receptor to the substance possessing physiological activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesizing heat shock protein-peptide complexes comprising the steps of: adding a shock protein to a denatured protein matrix to bind the heat shock protein to the denatured protein matrix; and adding a complexing solution comprising a peptide to elute a heat shock protein-peptide complex. The present invention also provides a heat shock protein-peptide complex synthesized by the method of the invention. In addition the present invention provides an apparatus for synthesizing heat shock protein-peptide complexes comprising a heat shock protein complex bound to a denatured protein matrix.

Abstract: The invention relates to new methods of RNA isolation that exploit the surprising discovery that RNA may be differentially precipitated from DNA. The subject methods result in the formation of an RNA-containing precipitate that has an RNA content at least two fold enriched with respect to DNA, as compared with the RNA to DNA ratio of the solution from which the RNA-containing precipitate is derived. The invention also includes various methods of DNA isolation that employ the selective precipitation of RNA. The degree of RNA enrichment achieved is often much greater than two fold; enrichment by a factor of ten or greater is frequently obtained. By precipitating RNA from a solution, the RNA may be collected by simple procedures such as centrifugation or filtration, thereby avoiding the need to bind the RNA to solid phase. The collected RNA precipitate may then be solubilized.

Abstract: Fusion proteins or conjugates are provided containing an amino acid sequence having a substrate binding region of a polysaccharidase such as cellulase that binds to a .beta.-1,4-glycan matrix such as cellulose. The substrate binding region is essentially without polysaccharidase activity. In the fusion protein, the substrate binding region is fused or chemically linked to a polypeptide such as an enzyme, a hormone, an immunoglobulin or a protein dye. By contacting the fusion protein with a .beta.-1,4-glycan matrix, the substrate binding region binds to the matrix to immobilize the polypeptide on the matrix. The polypeptide or fusion protein can be removed from the matrix with a protease acting on a protease recognition sequence or with a solution having a low ionic strength or high pH. In the conjugate, the substrate binding region is joined such as by covalent bonding to a non-protein chemical moiety such as a dye, chromophore, fluorescor, radionuclide or enzyme co-factor.

Abstract: Fusion proteins or conjugates are provided containing an amino acid sequence having a substrate binding region of a polysaccharidase such as cellulase that binds to a .beta.-1,4-glycan matrix such as cellulose. The substrate binding region is essentially without polysaccharidase activity. In the fusion protein, the substrate binding region is fused or chemically linked to a polypeptide such as an enzyme, a hormone, an immunoglobulin or a protein dye. By contacting the fusion protein with a .beta.-1,4-glycan matrix, the substrate binding region binds to the matrix to immobilize the polypeptide on the matrix. The polypeptide or fusion protein can be removed from the matrix with a protease recognition sequence or with a solution having a low ionic strength or high pH. In the conjugate, the substrate binding region is joined such as by covalent bonding to a non-protein chemical moiety such as a dye, chromophore, fluorescor, radionuclide or enzyme co-factor. By contacting the conjugate with a .beta.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of enriching for desired cell population from cell sources, such as body fluids, dispersed tissue specimens and cultured cells. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a cell-trap centrifugation tube containing a specific density gradient solution adjusted to the specific density of a desired cell population to enrich for the desired cell from a cell source. The tube allows the desired cell population to be collected by decantation after centrifugation to minimize cell loss and maximize efficiency. In addition, the method can be further simplified by density-adjusted cell sorting which uses cell type-specific binding agents such as antibodies and lectins linked to carrier particles to impart a different density to the undesired populations in a more convenient manner. The rapid cell enrichment method described herein has a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for purifying viral vectors containing therapeutic genes for use in gene therapy. The invention comprises a method of purification from a cell lysate of a recombinant viral vector containing a therapeutic gene, which comprises: a) treating said lysate with an enzymatic agent that selectively degrades both unencapsulated DNA and RNA; b) chromatographing the treated lysate from step a) on a first resin; and c) chromatographing the eluant from step b) on a second resin; wherein one resin is an anion exchange resin and the other is an immobilized metal ion chromatography (IMAC) resin.

Abstract: A species such as a microorganism, e.g. Legionella, Giardia or Cryptosporidium, is captured by first attracting plastic coated magneticbeads or other magnetically attractable particles to a solid support such as stainless steel mesh, which particles have a selective affinity for the species, e.g. by virtue of an antibody coating, and contacting a sample containing the species with the particles on the solid support. The beads bearing the captured species may be released by reduction of the magnetic attraction of the support for the beads, e.g. by turning off an electromagnet used to magnetize the support.

Abstract: A method and system for separating a selected molecule from a heterogeneous mixture of molecules in aqueous solution are described. The method comprises (a) providing a separation device comprising a loading reservoir and a receiving reservoir coupled by a channel bearing immobilized microtubules aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof the channel; (b) placing an aqueous solution containing the heterogeneous mixture of molecules in the loading reservoir; (c) adding a motor-ligand composition and ATP to the aqueous solution, wherein the motor-ligand composition comprises a motor protein for attaching to microtubules and moving therealong in the presence of ATP and the ligand is capable of binding the selected molecule, such that the ligand binds the selected molecule to form a complex and the complex moves along the immobilized microtubules to the receiving reservoir; and (d) removing the selected molecule from the receiving chamber.

Abstract: A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass is first decrystallized and then hydrolyzed to produce a hydrolysate containing both sugars and acid. Silica present in the biomass can then be removed for further processing. The remaining solids are then subjected to a second decrystallization and hydrolyzation to optimize the sugar yields. An improved method for separating the sugars from the acid in the hydrolysate is also disclosed. The resulting sugar stream can then be fermented, using an improved method which allows both hexose and pentose sugars to be fermented simultaneously.

Abstract: Disclosed are a kit, composition and method for cell separation. The kit includes a centrifugable container and an organosilanized silica particle-based cell separation suspension suitable for density gradient separation, containing a polylactam and sterilized by treatment with ionizing radiation. The composition includes a silanized silica particle-based suspension for cell separation which contains at least 0.05% of a polylactam, and preferably treated by ionizing radiation. Also disclosed is a method of isolating rare blood cells from a blood cell mixture.

Abstract: Discloses DNA isolation and purification methods which involve novel washing steps. The disclosed methods provide a means for isolating and purifying DNA from a homogeneous mixture of DNA of other cellular contaminants by treating silica with the homogeneous mixture containing DNA in the presence of a chaotropic salt solution and then washing and separating the washed and treated silica in successive wash steps with aqueous alcohol wash solutions. A first wash step involves washing the treated silica with a first wash solution of at least 95 wt % alcohol in water. A second wash step similarly involves washing the treated and washed silica with second wash solution of less than 95 wt % alcohol in water.

Abstract: A chitosan support material is made with crosslinking and installation of a spacer arm between the chitosan matrix and an epoxy terminal group at the distal end of the spacer arm. Among other things, the installed spacer arm endows the crosslinked chitosan beads with enhanced binding specificity during chromatographic separations.

Abstract: A process is described for producing organic acids such as lactic acid. The process includes the steps of producing lactic acid by fermentation, resulting in an aqueous fermentation broth containing lactic acid, and adding a calcium base, such as calcium carbonate, to the fermentation broth, thereby producing calcium lactate in the broth. Biomass is removed from the broth, thereby leaving an aqueous solution or dispersion of calcium lactate. The calcium lactate is reacted with a source of ammonium ions, such as ammonium carbonate, or a mixture of ammonia and carbon dioxide, thereby producing an ammonium lactate. Contaminating cations can be removed by ion exchange. The free lactic acid or a derivative thereof can be separated from the ammonium ions, preferably by salt-splitting electrodialysis.

Abstract: A method for purifying heat shock protein complexes is provided which comprises the steps of adding a solution containing heat shock protein complexes, in which heat shock proteins are associated with peptides, polypeptides, denatured proteins or antigens, to a column containing an ADP matrix to bind the heat shock proteins complexes to the ADP matrix and adding a buffer containing ADP to the column to remove the heat shock protein complexes in an elution product. Additionally a method for synthesizing heat shock protein complexes and purifying the complexes so produced is provided which comprises the steps of adding heat shock proteins to an ADP matrix column to bind them to the matrix, adding a solution of peptides, polypeptides, denatured proteins or antigens to the column to bind them to the heat shock proteins as heat shock protein complexes and adding a buffer containing ADP to the column to remove the complexes in an elution product.

Abstract: A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass is first decrystallized and then hydrolyzed to produce a hydrolysate containing both sugars and acid. Silica and silicates present in the biomass can then be removed for further processing. The remaining solids are then subjected to a second decrystallization if necessary and a second hydrolyzation to optimize the sugar yields.

Abstract: A method is described for isolating an exogenous polypeptide in a non-native conformation from cells, such as an aqueous fermentation broth, in which it is prepared comprising contacting the polypeptide with a chaotropic agent and preferably a reducing agent and with phase-forming species to form multiple aqueous phases, with one of the phases being enriched in the polypeptide and depleted in the biomass solids and nucleic acids originating from the cells. Preferably, the method results in two aqueous phases, with the upper phase being enriched in the polypeptide.

Abstract: A method is described for isolating an exogenous polypeptide in a non-native conformation from cells, such as an aqueous fermentation broth, in which it is prepared comprising contacting the polypeptide with a chaotropic agent and preferably a reducing agent and with phase-forming species to form multiple aqueous phases, with one of the phases being enriched in the polypeptide and depleted in the biomass solids and nucleic acids originating from the cells. Preferably, the method results in two aqueous phases, with the upper phase being enriched in the polypeptide.

Abstract: A plastic is recovered from microorganisms containing it by chemically solubilising non plastic material with an oxidising agent in the presence of a chelating agent.

Abstract: A metabolite, e.g., ethanol, is continuously produced from low cost carbohydrate substrates by a process which comprises pulverizing the carbohydrate substrate; liquefying and saccharifying the pulverized substrate; continuously fermenting the lique-saccharified substrate in a fermentor equipped with a moving filter, in the presence of flocculent biological cells maintained at a concentration ranging from 90 to 160 g/l by using the moving filter and a culture medium to produce a fermentation product mixture; and recovering the desired metabolite from the fermentation product mixture.

Abstract: Provided is a novel polysaccharide derivative having a main structure of the following formula (1) in which a polysaccharide or its derivative has been chemically bonded to the inner and outer surfaces of the pores of a porous carrier at the reducing terminal of the polysaccharide or polysaccharide derivative: ##STR1## Also provided are a method of producing the novel polysaccharide derivative in which a silane agent is chemically bonded to a porous carrier and thereafter a polysaccharide having a degree of polymerization from 11 to 500 or its derivative is further chemically bonded to surface treated carrier at the reducing terminal of the polysaccharide or its derivative, and a method of producing the novel polysaccharide derivative in which a polysaccharide having a degree of polymerization from 11 to 500 or its derivative is chemically bonded to a silane agent at the reducing terminal of the polysaccharide or its derivative and thereafter the polysaccharide derivative is further chemically bonded to a por