Abstract: An apparatus for culturing cells is produced which comprises a vessel, a solid porous matrix within the vessel which permits the adherence of cells, a foam generator located to supply foam to at least part of the surface of the solid porous matrix and means for removing liquid from the vessel.
Abstract: A continuous fermentation process for the production of single cell protein employing fermentation apparatus for improved oxygen utilization comprising a fermentation section and an upper contiguous absorber section communicating therewith wherein a gas contacting zone is employed to contact cooled recycled fermentation liquid and make up nutrients with partially oxygen depleted oxygenating gas in countercurrent flow whereby the oxygen content of the fermentation liquid is enriched.