Abstract: Derivatives of 2-nitro-imidazole, such as 1-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidinopropyl)-2-nitro-imidazole, are useful as hypoxic cell markers for immunochemical detection of hypoxia in tumor tissue.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anti-N-CAM monoclonal antibody which enhances, rather than inhibits, neurite outgrowth both in vitro and in vivo. The antibody has positive regulatory effects on nerve cells of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, and is useful for enhancing neurite outgrowth in in vitro studies and for improving nerve regeneration and repair in vivo.

Abstract: The instant invention provides a highly fluorescent conjugate which is useful in specific binding assays, and which comprises a specific binding member bound to a fluorescent polymer. The fluorescent polymer comprises a backbone polymer having multiple signal generating groups immobilized thereon and, optionally, cyclodextrin moieties in association with the polymer. Also provided is a novel process for creating 6-cyclodextrin monoaldehyde.

Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies which are specific against quinolinic acid are provided. The antibodies are used for immunohistological detection of quinolinic acid.

Abstract: A fluorescent labelling composition comprises a linear polysaccharide backbone molecule having a plurality of target-binding molecules, such as antibodies or nucleic acids, attached at spaced-apart intervals thereon. Each of the target-binding molecules, in turn, includes a multiplicity of fluorescent dye molecules bound thereto. In this way, fluorescent signal introduced to a single target-site on a solid phase surface may be increased without loss of binding activity.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preserving cells which comprises the steps of (a) suspending cells in a physiologically-acceptable, isotonic medium; and (b) fixing the cells so suspended at a temperature of less than about 10.degree. C. under sufficiently hypertonic conditions so as to disperse the cells in a single, unagglutinated state, thereby preserving cells. This invention also provides a method for detecting cells separated from a sample which have been preserved according to the aforementioned method. This invention also provides a method for visualizing cells. Also provided is a method for detecting a metabolic process in cells present in a sample. This invention also provides a method for detecting the presence of rare cells in a sample which specifically possess on their surfaces a moiety recognized by a known ligand comprising preserving cells separated from the sample according to the aforementioned method for preserving cells.

Abstract: A novel approach to study changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation during apoptosis, and thereby identify cells committed to apoptosis is presented, methods used to study apoptosis and tyrosine phosphorylation at the single cell level are combined to study directly whether apoptosis in hematopoietic cells is associated with changes in cellular phosphotyrosine levels. The changes in cellular phosphotyrosine content strongly correlated with the appearance of features of cell death such as cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and loss of membrane integrity.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide the clinicians with a new application for ligands specific to MHC-class I antigens, especially HLA-ABC antigens, this new application residing in the detection and diagnosis of endometriosis. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method and a test kit for diagnosing endometriosis, preferably by immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal anti-HLA-ABC antibody as a preferred ligand or diagnostic reagent. This new method is non-invasive and is more reliable as a screening test than the conventionnally used laparoscopy. When the endometrium of a woman tests negatively with the claimed method, it prevents the use of laparoscopy which is an invasive method for detecting endometriosis. This method can be practiced on a specimen obtained from the endometrium of a patient and does not require a specimen sampled directly from the endometriotic foci.

Abstract: An internal control or standard is provided for the direct quantitative assay by immunocytochemistry of target molecules in tissue specimens and the like. The control may be subjected to the same conditions including immunostaining as the tissue specimen. Immunoreactivity of the control and the specimen before and after processing is compared by physical measurement, e.g., optical density as determined by a cell analysis computer system. The immunoreactivity difference of the control provides a quantative standard useful to determine the effect of the processing on the immunoreactivity of the specimen.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hybridoma cell line that produces a monoclonal antibody having binding specificity for epitopes on Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and a monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma cell line as well.

Abstract: A novel method for detecting chitin, and for diagnosing fungal infections (including yeast infections), with a chitinase or other chitin-specific binding protein. This method should allow the convenient, broad spectrum diagnosis of fungal infections in tissue samples or in body fluids. Fungal infections are a particular problem in immunocompromised hosts such as AIDS patients, where they can cause opportunistic infections. This invention overcomes difficulties experienced by prior methods of diagnosing fungal infections.

Abstract: Stabilized composition of troponin I or T for immunoassays, comprising an aqueous solution containing troponin I or troponin T, 1 to 10 molar equivalents of troponin C per molar equivalent of troponin I or T, and Mg.sup.++ and/or Ca.sup.++ ions, as well as a process for stabilizing a composition of troponin I or T for immunoassays consisting in adding from 1 to 10 molar equivalents or troponin C per molar equivalent of troponin I or T.

Abstract: An IgM class monoclonal antibody which specifically reacts with mucus glycoproteins produced by human gastric gland-type mucous cells is provided. By performing immunohistochemical staining using a labeled derivative of the monoclonal antibody, human gastric gland-type mucous cells as well as mucus secreted by these cells can be specifically stained. The monoclonal antibody can also be used for the analysis of gastric gland-type mucous cell-derived mucus glycoproteins in human body fluids as well as for the examination or diagnosis of cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of isolating a ligand from a sample, the method including: providing a hybrid molecule including the receptor for the ligand covalently bonded to the first member of a specific binding pair; contacting sample with the hybrid molecule to form an affinity complex between the ligand and the hybrid molecule; and isolating the affinity complex using the second member of the specific binding pair. Also disclosed is a c-kit ligand, nucleic acid encoding such a ligand, and recombinant cells containing such nucleic acid. The c-kit ligand may be used to stimulate hematopoietic cell growth.

Abstract: A novel monoclonal antibody of IgG1/.kappa. subclass, characterized in that it recognizes antigens specifically present in mouse inbred strains consisting of DBA/1, CE/J, SM/J, IQI, PL/J, SWM/Ms, RIIIS/J, RFM/MsNrs and C3H and its congenic mouse strains thereof, wherein one of said antigens has a molecular weight of 66,000 and the other has a molecular weight of 68,000 and said antigens are present in the mitochondria of C3H mouse strain.The present invention also provides a hybridoma cell line which produces the above monoclonal antibody, a method for identifying the origin of a cell derived from a mouse, and a reagent for identifying the origin of a cell derived from a mouse.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a monoclonal antibody which can quantitatively analyze a very small amount of synaptophysin present in tissues using a small amount of the antibody in accordance with a complement fixation test. Disclosed is a monoclonal antibody produced by using a rat brain extract as an immunogen, wherein an immunoglobulin class thereof is IgM, and the monoclonal antibody has specific reactivity for rat synaptophysin or P-38.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved biotin-avidin formulation in which a biotinylated antibody conjugate or an avidin-enzyme conjugate is present in a suitable diluent for immunohistochemical staining. The diluent additionally comprises casein in an amount sufficient to prevent charge interactions of the conjugate with a tissue section and gamma globulin in an amount sufficient to prevent Fc receptor binding and any hydrophobic interaction of the conjugate with a tissue section. In a preferred embodiment, the immunoglobulin is from the same species as the biotinylated antibody conjugate. The formulation effectively reduces overall unwanted binding, irrespective of the source of the binding.

Abstract: Methods of screening for endometriosis comprise obtaining a sample of endometrium selected from menstrual cycle day 20 to 24, identifying the endometrial sample as nulliparous, contacting the endometrium with a monoclonal antibody for .beta..sub.3 integrin, assaying for .beta..sub.3 integrin and correlating the absence of .beta..sub.3 integrin with endometriosis, wherein the endometrium is identified as mild/minimum endometriosis. A method of using monoclonal antibodies to screen for endometriosis is also within the scope of the invention. Methods for detecting receptivity of mammalian endometrium to embryo implantation comprising obtaining a sample of the endometrium, contacting the endometrium with a monoclonal antibody for .beta..sub.3 and detecting .beta..sub.3 in the endometrium. The invention also provides for methods of diagnosing infertility in a mammal and methods of detecting the window of embryo implantation in endometrium.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the effectiveness of drugs in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells. A sample of a tumor is histocultured, a drug to be evaluated is added to the sample and the sample is incubated. A suitable tetrazolium salt is added and a frozen section of the sample is prepared. The section is stained with a fluorescent dye. The section is exposed to polarized light and the reflected light is measured. Then the section is exposed to fluorescent light and the light emitted by the dye is measured. These measurements are compared to a control and/or measurements from tests using other drugs and the relative effectiveness of the drug is evaluated, preferably by pixel analysis.

Abstract: Novel compositions comprising Oncostatin M and congeners thereof, as well as methods for their preparation and methods for their use are provided. The compositions may be prepared by isolation from natural sources, or by recombinant means in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells. In addition, the DNA and polypeptide sequences for Oncostatin M are disclosed. The compositions find use in modulating growth of cells, in particular inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of normal cell growth, especially cells involved in hematopoiesis. Cell growth inhibition compositions may additionally include an adjunctive agent comprising at least one of a transforming growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, or an interferon. Receptors having high affinity for Oncostatin M may additionally be used to screen polypeptides for Oncostatin M-like activity. Methods for use of antibodies to the compositions and probes specific for Oncostatin M mRNA as a means for detecting tumor cells are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for conducting a variety of assays that are responsive to a change in the viscosity of a sample fluid and relates to methods of conducting such assays. In particular, the present invention is related to the use of a cartridge for conducting one or more coagulation assays or, conversely, fibrinolysis assays. The disclosed device enjoys simplicity and is adaptable to the point-of-care clinical diagnostic area, including use in accident sites, emergency rooms, surgery or intensive care units.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bisulfite-based tissue fixative that improves morphology, antigen retention, and antigenicity. The fixative is suitable for use with sections of frozen tissue, cytology preparations (including touch preparations and blood smears) and other specimens used for immunohistochemical analysis. The fixative comprises an acidic buffer and a bisulfite salt in an effective amount for tissue fixation. In a preferred embodiment, the tissue fixative comprises a bisulfite salt in a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 0.25M, preferably, 0.02 to 0.25M, in an acidic buffer having a pH of from about 2 to about 6.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the determination of the malignant potential of a tumor. The process comprises the steps of determining the amount of BBO in a tumor sample by reacting the BBO in a tumor sample with a BBO-binding lectin or a BBO-specific antibody to form a BBO-lectin or a BBO-specific antibody complex. Then, the amount of BBO-lectin or BBO-antibody complex or of unreacted BBO can be measured.

Abstract: In a method of producing monoclonal antibodies against endothelial type plasminogen activator inhibitor and immunologically similar inhibitors myeloma cells are fused with antibody-producing cells obtained from mammals which have been immunized with said plasminogen activator inhibitor or with antibody-producing cells, which in vitro have been immunized with said plasminogen activator inhibitor and the hybridomas producing antibodies against the above mentioned inhibitor are selected. The antibody-producing cells are preferably spleen cells or lymph node cells, most preferably spleen cells, obtained from mice immunized with the above mentioned inhibitor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for screening for primary cardiomyopathy. The methods are preferably immunological methods in which the level of binding of a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody to a 50 kD glycoprotein component of a mammalian muscle tissue is determined. This level of binding is compared to the level of binding observed when non-dystrophic tissue is treated in an otherwise identical manner. A substantial reduction in the level of binding to the 50 kD glycoprotein in the experimental mammalian muscle tissue has been determined to be a screen for primary cardiomyopathy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for staining slides using immunochemical reagents. The method comprises the following steps. The assay region of a slide (the region containing the tissue section)is washed with an improved rinsing solution comprising water and a detergent. An evaporation inhibitor liquid is applied to the slide to cover the assay region. For antigens requiring unmasking, the tissue section is combined with an improved, stabilized proteolytic enzyme solution. The slide is rinsed, and the evaporation inhibitor liquid is reapplied to the slide. A primary antibody in an improved diluent containing globulins from the same species as a second antibody is combined with the tissue section for a time sufficient for substantially complete antibody binding. The slide is rinsed, and the evaporation inhibitor liquid is reapplied. A labeled second antibody in the improved diluent is combined with the tissue section for a time sufficient for substantially complete antibody binding.

Abstract: Assays for the DNA repair protein O.sup.6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) are provided which employ monoclonal antibodies prepared using MGMT having transferase activity, as opposed to denatured MGMT or MGMT fragments. The monoclonal antibodies are able to recognize MGMT in single cell preparations (immunohistochemical staining assays) and in cell extracts (immunoassays). In connection with immunohistochemical staining, the use of a fluorescent readout coupled with digitization of the cell image allows for quantitative measures of MGMT levels in, for example, tumor biopsy samples. Such quantitative measures can be used to determine which patients are likely to benefit from chemotherapy using alkylating agents since tumor cells having low MGMT levels are more likely to be killed by such agents than those with high MGMT levels.

Abstract: A method of testing for the presence of tumor cells which are metastatic based upon the presence of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is described. In the test a protein which selectively binds the HLA is used to determine the presence of excess HLA which is a characteristic of the tumor cells. The preferred protein is a bacterial enterotoxin, preferably the enterotoxin A (SEA) produced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract: A method for determining susceptibility to E. coli urinary tract infection comprising assaying a sample of epithelial cells for the presence or absence of at least one of sialosyl galactosyl-globoside, disialosyl galactosyl-globoside and an extended globo structure carrying the same terminal epitopes as sialosyl galactosyl-globoside or disialosyl galactosyl-globoside, or assaying a sample of vaginal secretions for the presence or absence of at least one of sialosyl galactosyl-globoside or disialosyl galactosyl-globoside, and detecting the presence or absence of the at least one of sialosyl galactosyl-globoside, disialosyl galactosyl-globoside and the extended globo structure, a medicament comprising a biologically effective amount of at least one E. coli bacterial receptor analogue and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient as well as a method for preventing E. coli urinary tract infection comprising administering to a host a biologically effective amount of at least one E.

Abstract: An easy method for detecting injured cell nuclear DNA is provided which does not suffer from "pseudo-positive" staining. The method comprises the steps of subjecting a pathological tissue specimen to acid-hydrolysis to selectively hydrolyze any injured DNA thereby to form single-stranded DNA, then treating the specimen with an anti-single-stranded DNA antibody, and subjecting the specimen to morphological inspection to find the presence of the binding of the antibody to the single-stranded DNA. The binding may be discriminated by a labelling marker on the antibody. Alternatively, a labelled secondary antibody which binds to the anti-ssDNA antibody may be used.

Abstract: A method for collecting a specimen comprising (1) subjecting a specimen and a magnetic-labeled antibody comprising a magnetic micro-particle and an antibody fixed to the micro-particle to an immunoreaction to form a reacted immunocomplex, (2) concentrating the reacted immunocomplex locally at a selected region by applying an external magnetic field, preferably a gradient magnetic field, which is produced by an electromagnet and a permanent magnetic piece so as to concentrate the magnetic flux at the selected region, and (3) collecting the immunocomplex by direct magnetic adsorption toward the magnetic pole at the region of local concentration.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for the determination of periodontal disease active sites within the human oral cavity by a measurement of the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b) in oral tissues and gingival crevicular fluid at a particular site.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method for staining slides using immunochemical reagents. The method comprises the following steps. The assay region of a slide (the region containing the tissue section) is washed with an improved rinsing solution comprising water and a detergent. An evaporation inhibitor liquid is applied to the slide to cover the assay region. For antigens requiring unmasking, the tissue section is combined with an improved, stabilized proteolytic enzyme solution. The slide is rinsed, and the evaporation inhibitor liquid is reapplied to the slide. A primary antibody in an improved diluent containing globulins from the same species as a second antibody is combined with the tissue section for a time sufficient for substantially complete antibody binding. The slide is rinsed, and the evaporation inhibitor liquid is reapplied. A labeled second antibody in the improved diluent is combined with the tissue section for a time sufficient for substantially complete antibody binding.

Abstract: This invention provides a DNA sequence comprising an activated oncogene, said oncogene encoding a polypeptide capable of transforming NIH3T3 cells and of inducing a tumor when injected into nude mice, said DNA sequence having a nucleotide sequence substantially as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.The invention also concerns a polypeptide molecule encoded by an activated oncogene, said molecule having the properties of transforming NIH3T3 cells and of inducing a tumor when injected into nude mice and further said polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.Finally, this invention provides a method for treating a tumor induced by an activated mas oncogene.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for the diagnosis of autosomal muscular dystrophy through the analysis of muscle tissue using antibodies reactive with components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex. An experimental muscle tissue sample, treated if necessary to render components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex available for antibody binding, is contacted with an antibody which binds to a dystrophin-associated protein. The extent of antibody binding is determined, and compared to the extent of antibody binding to normal control tissue. A substantial reduction in the extent of binding to experimental tissue, as compared with normal control tissue, being diagnostic of autosomal muscular dystrophy. Among the autosomal muscular dystrophies which are detectable by the methods described herein are Fukuyama muscular dystrophy and severe childhood autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: A monoclonal antibody which binds preferentially to colonic glycoproteins of cells of persons having ulcerative colitis, compared to colonic glycoproteins of cells of persons not having ulcerative colitis, and diagnostic and therapeutic uses thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing an antigen specific probe is provided by incubating a primary antigen specific monoclonal antibody with a biotinylated secondary antibody to produce a complex of the primary and secondary antibodies. The staining pattern produced by these probes reflects the specificity of the monoclonal antibody in the complex and the labeling of irrelevant, endogenous immunoglobulins is reduced substantially. This novel, indirect immunohistochemical method can be used to study normal and diseased tissues using a variety of monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract: Methods are provided for detecting receptivity of mammalian endometrium to embryo implantation comprising obtaining a sample of the endometrium, contacting the endometrium with a monoclonal antibody for .beta..sub.3 integrin and detecting .beta..sub.3 integrin in the endometrium. The invention also provides for methods of diagnosing infertility in a mammal and methods of detecting the window of embryo implantation in endometrium. Methods of in vitro fertilization, methods of preventing embryo implantation and a method of monitoring endometrial maturation are also within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is also directed to contraceptives. Diagnostic kits useful in the practice of the methods of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: This invention provides a method as well as a kit for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a non-neural tissue biopsy sample, contacting at least a portion of the sample with a quantity of antibodies capable of identifying .beta.AP, a .beta.-amyloid precursor protein fragment comprising .beta.AP, or a .beta.AP peptide fragment of about 8 or more amino acids sufficient to allow detection of said protein, protein fragment or peptide fragment, and monitoring the extent of the reaction between the sample and the antibodies. The kit comprises antibodies specific for .beta.-amyloid protein, or a .beta.-amyloid precursor protein fragment comprising .beta.-amyloid protein, or a peptide fragment of .beta.-amyloid protein of at least about eight amino acids, and a means for detecting the extent of the reaction of the antibodies with a non-neural tissue sample.

Abstract: A set of three unique monoclonal antibodies have been produced which recognize Legionella with particular specificity, without substantial cross-reactivity with non-Legionella bacteria. These monoclonal antibodies are useful as immunodiagnostic reagents for detecting Legionella.

Abstract: Method of determining, in a blood sample, containing unwashed platelets and fibrinogen, the state of thrombin reactivity of the platelets by adding thrombin to the sample in the presence of an agent for inhibiting fibrin polymerization, and then detecting activated platelets.

Abstract: A monoclonal or polyclonal antibody having a specific binding property to an antigenic site on the human sperm acrosome, which is produced by a hybridoma obtained by fusion between an antibody-producing mammalian (except human) cell immunized with the antigenic site on the human sperm acrosome and a cell having permanent proliferation potency.

Abstract: The present invention provides an immunohistochemical staining method using improved reagents. In one aspect, the method uses an evaporation inhibitor liquid to prevent evaporation of reagents applied to an assay region of a slide.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against complement regulatory protein sgp 120 are provided.

Abstract: The subject invention describes a method of determining the secretor status of an individual which comprises obtaining a sample of a biological fluid from the individual and determining whether the sample includes the Lewis.sup.a or Lewis.sup.b antigens, the presence of the Lewis.sup.a antigen in the sample indicating that the individual is a nonsecretor, the presence of the Lewis.sup.b antigen in the sample indicating that the individual is a secretor, and the presence of neither antigen indicating the secretor status of the individual is inconclusive. The invention also provides a method of further determining the secretor status of an individual of having an inconclusive secretor status which comprises determining whether the biological fluid sample from the individual includes A, B or precursor type 1 chain antigens, the presence of any such antigens in the sample indicating that the individual is a secretor, the lack of any such antigens in the sample indicating that the individual is a nonsecretor.

Abstract: Methods for determining the prognosis of human carcinomas utilizing a marker specific for malignant cells of aggressive cancers. Cell lines have been produced that secrete monoclonal antibodies useful in detecting such markers, including a 51,000-dalton keratin protein, specific for myoepithelial cells, e.g., in tissue culture. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these antibodies, which can be in combination with cytotoxic agents and the use of such compositions in the management of carcinomas are included.Prior to filing of this patent application, the continuous transformed cell lines described herein was deposited in the American Type Culture Collection and designated Accession No. HB9288.

Abstract: Water soluble naturally-occurring and synthetic enhancer substances, generally macromolecular in nature, for example globular proteins that include hydrophobic regions such as bovine serum albumin, and polymeric quaternary ammonium salts such as poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride), which have the ability to inhibit light-emitting fluorophores resulting from the decomposition of chemiluminescent compounds from releasing energy through non-light emitting pathways, are disclosed as permitting the stabilization, and hence increasing the light intensity, of such light-emitting fluorophores in aqueous media as compared to the intensity of the light emitted by the same quantities of such fluorophores in aqueous media in the absence of such enhancer substances. Any chemiluminescent enzymatically cleavable 1,2-dioxetane, for example 3-(2'-spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-(3"-phosphoryloxy)phenyl-1,2-dioxetane disodium salt, can be used.

Abstract: A method of preparing a cell block for cytological examination of cellular material such as fine needle aspirate material comprises depositing gel medium, preferably an algin medium, and sample material in an enclosure defined by a support web, and then causing the gel medium to set to form a button that can be subjected to processing routines to produce a processed button embeddable in embedding medium. The gel medium and the sample material are preferably codeposited in the enclosure by centrifugation, the support web being prewetted with a setting agent for the gel medium.A carrier that serves to support the support web during deposition and that is foldable to form a processing cassette for the deposited and set button is also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula DNB-TZ(P2) (P3) X, wherein TZ is a tetrazolium ring, DNB is 5-(2,4-dinitrophenyl), X is halide and P2 and P3 are each independently halophenyl, nitrophenyl or phenyl. The compound INDT 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) tetrazolium bromide exhibits facile reduction to insoluble chromophoric formazan compared to the chromagen INT. INDT differs structurally from INT 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride by having 2,4-dinitrophenyl instead of phenyl at the 5-position on the tetrazolium ring. The compounds, including INDT, are useful as chromagens for histological staining, as well as in enzyme-amplified staining as a part of immunological or hybridization assays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of producing an antibody highly specific to a low-molecular weight substance such as amino acids, peptides, amines, steroids, etc. The invention also relates to a process for producing the same by forming a complex of the substance with colloidal metal particles and sensitizing a mammal with the complex. The antibody can be in the form of an antiserum containing the antibody. Since the antibody has a high specificity to the intended low-molecular weight substance, it is useful as a reagent for various immunohistochemical methods and immunoassays.