Abstract: This invention pertains to a method for immobilizing polyethylene oxide (PEO) star molecules in the form of hydrogels. the PEO star molecules are biocompatible and demonstrate non-thrombogenic properties. As such, the PEO star molecules have numerous uses for biomedical applications. The hydrogels contain a high percentage of terminal hydroxyl groups for attachment of affinity ligands and can be used for separating and purifying therapeutic proteins.

Abstract: Extracorporeal perfusion using an immunoadsorbent material specific for disease-related antigens is used for therapy of the disease state. Antibodies to particular antigens, including tumor antigens, viral antigens, and bacterial antigens, are used to prepare the immunoadsorbent material. Patients suffering from the disease are then treated by removing a flow of blood, separating the blood into plasma cellular components, passing the plasma through the immunoadsorbent material, recombining the treated plasma and cellular components of the blood, and returning the treated blood to the patient.

Abstract: A method and kit for detecting a predetermined nucleotide sequence in a specimen using a nucleic acid probe modified with N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF).

Abstract: Novel Fc receptors, denoted type VI, are disclosed as reacting with rat immunoglobulins with a reasonable affinity. These receptors, or the microorganisms which produce them, are useful in immunoassays.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns novel protein A or protein A-like molecules that can be coupled to other materials through a single, defined site on the protein A molecule. Specifically exemplified is Cysteinyl-rProtein A.TM.. The compounds of the invention, for example, Cysteinyl-rProtein A.TM., can be used in processes wherein protein A is used.

Abstract: A method of identifying and enumerating specific cell types in a heterogeneous population of cells by enhancing the specific staining of desired cells, comprising contacting a sample from the heterogeneous population of cells with a labeled primary antibody which recognizes and binds to a desired cell surface antigen and an unlabeled cross-linking agent which recognizes and binds to the primary antibody is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of binding an antibody with protein A cells is provided which includes a sequence of incubation and dilution steps to produce a preselected amount and concentration of antibody with a preselected distribution of antibody among the protein A cells. In addition, a method is provided for preparing an antibody entrapped porous matrix and apparatus which includes a specific porous matrix with a preselected position of antibody bound bacterium cells therein along with means for drawing fluids through the porous medium and means for facilitating the deposition of fluids onto the surface of the porous matrix. The apparatus and method is useful for testing for the level of progesterone in animal body fluids, such as milk, plasma, serum, whole blood and saliva.

Abstract: Assays for an anti-pre-S antibody in a human serum by an enzyme immunoassay in which a biotin-avidin system is used are disclosed. The assays include inhibition method, sandwich method, competitive method and Protein A or anti-human IgG antibody method in a solid phase.The assays can determine the anti-pre-S antibody titer in human sera highly sensitively and simply without use of radioactive materials.

Abstract: A reagent for measuring immune complexes fixed with an anti-C3 antibody Facb fragment. By using the reagent, immune complexes existing in the blood serum or body fluid are quantitatively measured.

Abstract: An immunoenzimatic method is disclosed for the detection and the measurement of anti-P. falciparum sporzoite antibodies in human blood and/or in its derivatives, which operates with a synthetic antigen-enzyme conjugate capable of forming with the antisporozoite antibodies a stable antibody-synthetic antigen-enzyme complex, and one or more proteins absorbed and/or covalently linked to a solid support, which eagerly bind the antisporozoite antibody of said complex.The method, thanks to its simpleness, specificity and rapidity, is particularly useful in epidemiologic investigations into malaria and into the efficacy of an antimalarial vaccine.

Abstract: An immunoassay method for one-step detection of specific antibodies which includes incubation of a solid phase support or matrix having a spot of the antigen bound thereto with a sample of the clinical fluid to be tested in the presence of a signal developing reagent, including a detector substance, which is preferably a colloidal metal sol, and a ligand, such as protein A or other antibody binding ligand. A diagnostic field kit containing the test antigens and signal developing reagent is also described.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for detecting an antigen in a biological sample. The methods involve providing in combination a solid support, which is substantially free of specific binding proteins, and a medium comprising an antigen from the sample and an antibody for the antigen. The combination is incubated under conditions sufficient for the antibody when bound to the antigen to bind to the support. The presence or amount of antibody on the support or in the medium is determined and is related to the presence of antigen in the sample. The methods have particular application to the detection of gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: In body fluids containing saliva alpha amylase and pancreatic alpha amylase, pancreatic alpha amylase is determined with a monoclonal antibody which specifically binds but does not inhibit saliva alpha amylase and which has a cross-reactivity of 5% or less toward pancreatic alpha amylase. The monoclonal antibody binds salvia alpha amylase to form a complex which is separated to permit determining pancreatic alpha amylase with an amylase detection system. The complex may be separated by precipitating with a precipitating agent such as an anti-antibody or protein A, or by immobilizing the monoclonal antibody on a solid carrier.

Abstract: Proteinaceous, antigenic factor derived from a group C Streptococcus which is receptor for the Fc region of IgG, a method for its preparation and immunoassay and antigen detection methods employing the receptor.

Abstract: An isolated, substantially pure bovine pregnancy antigen for detecting and determining pregnancy in cattle consisting of a glycoprotein obtained from a pregnant bovine animal which is characterized by having a specific immunological reaction with a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against said glycoprotein wherein said monoclonal antibody is produced from hybridoma ATCC HB 8846.

Abstract: A porous chemically activated medium having a low affinity for peptide group-containing materials is provided comprising a porous polymeric medium having a low affinity for peptide group-containing materials covalently bound to a residue of an activating agent which is capable of reacting with an acceptor molecule.

Abstract: An identification method, applicable to the identification of animals or inanimate objects, is described. The method takes advantage of a hithertofore unknown set of individual-specific, or IS antibodies, that are part of the unique antibody repertoire present in animals, by reacting an effective amount of IS antibodies with a particular panel, or n-dimensional array (where n is typically one or two) consisting of an effective amount of many different antigens (typically greater than one thousand), to give antibody-antigen complexes. The profile or pattern formed by the antigen-antibody complexes, termed an antibody fingerprint, when revealed by an effective amount of an appropriate detector molecule, is uniquely representative of a particular individual. The method can similarly by used to distinguish genetically, or otherwise similar individuals, or their body parts containing IS antibodies.

Abstract: Disclosed are an analytical element for determining a specific component A in a test sample, based on the specific reaction between said specific component A and a substance B capable of binding specifically to said specific component A, by the use of a labelled material L comprising a label capable of providing a signal and said specific component A or comprising a label capable of providing a signal and a substance C capable of binding specifically to said specific component A, characterized in that said element has a porous reaction layer formed by the use of a mixture containing (a) a carrier having said substance B immobilized thereon and (b) a carrier having an absorbing substance D capable of binding specifically to said labelled material L which has not bound to said substance B or to said specific compound A, to thereby modulate said signal, and an analytical method employing the same.

Abstract: A device is provided for determining the presence of an antigen which comprises a trapping zone, which contains material capable of capturing free flowing enzyme linked antibodies, but not antibodies bound to a transport particle which flows freely through the trapping zone into the substrate zone, and a substrate zone which contains material capable of reacting with enzyme-linked antibodies to produce a reaction which indicates the presence of antibodies. A method of determining the presence of an antigen is provided wherein a sample is mixed with two classes of antibodies which are specific for the antigen being tested for, but which react with different antigen domains, wherein the mixture consists of class one antibodies bound to a transport particle which flows freely through the trapping zone and class two enzyme-linked antibodies which are incapable, unless bound to the transport particles, of flowing freely through the trapping zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of silanizing surfaces for use in detecting organic molecules and biomolecules by means of surface-sensitive detection methods. The molecules to be detected become covalently bonded to the solid, plane test surface which contains, by means of silanization, groups which are functional for the covalent bonding. The invention relates to a silanization technique, which combines a special cleaning technique for the surfaces to be silanized and a silanization process at a low pressure and with the silane in gas phase and at an enhanced temperature of the surfaces to be silanized. The method gives reproducible surfaces provided with stable, homogenous and functional silane layers of mono-layer character.

Abstract: A method of assaying biologically active substances by the competitive method or by the sandwich technique, characterized in that fine particles having a diameter of 0.03 to 3 .mu.m are used in the labelling agent.

Abstract: A bio-sensor is mounted in a container and comprised of a receptor for selectively reacting with a specific biochemical substance in a sample liquid held in the container to bind thereon the specific biochemical substance and a resonator integrated with the receptor for detecting the amount of the specific biochemical substance bound to the receptor in terms of a resonant frequency shift of the resonator. A measuring circuit is connected to the sensor for measuring the resonant frequency shift of the resonator within the container; a switching valve operates during the reaction of the receptor with the specific biochemical substance to charge a sample liquid into the container to contact the sample liquid with the receptor to thereby effect the reaction and operates during the measurement of the resonant frequency shift to replace the sample liquid by a buffer liquid in the container to immerse the sensor in the buffer liquid to thereby prevent a fluctuation of the resonant frequency shift.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diazonium compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of biotin, an antigen, an antibody, a photoreactive group, a fluorescent group and heavy metal-containing compounds;X is an alkylene group containing up to 18 carbon atoms in the principle chain and a total of up to 24 carbon atoms or a substituted alkylene group containing up to 18 carbon atoms in the principle chain with substituents selected from the group consisting of solubility-enhancing groups and cleavable --S--S-- containing moieties;Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl; andY is an anion and n is an integer from 1-3.Such compounds are useful as components for nucleic acid probes.

Abstract: A radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay method for the simple estimation of immunoglobulins in humans and other animals, Agar test plates are provided including an underlying adherent coating of Staphylococcal Protein A antigen. Blood or blood serum samples from animals to be tested are placed in wells punched in the agar layer and allowed to incubate overnight. The agar gel is then removed. The resulting Protein A antigen layer with bound immunoglobulins from the samples is reacted with enzyme conjugated anti-immunoglobulin or enzyme conjugated Protein A. The reaction is visualized by overlaying the bound conjugate layer with agar containing a color producing enzyme substrate. The diameters of resulting colored zones permit estimation of total immunoglobulins. Methods of preparing Protein A antigen coated test plates are disclosed along with testing kits for carrying out the test procedure in the field.

Abstract: A bovine pregnancy antigen, determined to be a glycoprotein, has been isolated and purified. If is diagnostic for the presence of pregnancy in cattle when detected by the use of antibodies to the antigen.

Abstract: Method and means in/for the immunoassay determination of (I) a bacterial polypeptide capable of binding to the Fc protion of an immunoglobulin and/or (II) the high affinity antibody to said polypeptide. The characteristic feature of the method resides in using an antibody directed against the polypeptide and having antibody activity under conditions such that the immunoglobulin potentially binding to the polypeptide will substantially not bind to the polypeptide, and carrying out the immune reaction between the antibody preparation and the corresponding polypeptide epitope under such conditions.

Abstract: A protein is covalently coupled to a 3'terminal end of a nucleic acid which carries several labels. In an assay the protein will specifically recognize some component of a test system; in an immunoassay the protein can be Protein A which will recognize the FC portion of IgG which is bound to an unknown antigen if present in the test sample.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier such as polyethylene having covalently bound to it a reaction component such as an antibody, for use for immune determinations. The reaction component is covalently bound via heterobifunctional photoactivatable compounds, one group of which is found by an aryl azide group. Protein A may be bound covalently to the carrier via heterobifunctional photoactivatable compounds, and antibodies bound to the protein A.

Abstract: A novel method for detecting tumor associated antigen in patient's serum or plasma samples is provided. Tumor associated antigen in the form of immune complexes is detected by first applying the patient's serum sample to an immunoadsorbent column to enrich the amount of immune complexes relative to other serum components. The amount of tumor associated antigen is then detected in the enriched sample in a solid-phase assay employing a solid-phase receptor for the immune complexes and a labelling system specific for the tumor associated antigen.

Abstract: A method for determining one or more antigens in a sample by immunological reaction between the antigen and antibodies directed specifically against the antigen in the presence of a liquid, said antibodies being bound to the surface of minute particles which are insoluble in the liquid in which the reaction is effected, the reaction leading to an agglutination which indicates the presence of the antigen in the sample. The antibodies are specifically fixed to a polypeptide which is derived from microorganisms and which can bind the Fc-part of the antibodies and the polypeptide is bound to the surface of the minute particles.

Abstract: Unusually strong binding of IgG to protein A is achieved by contacting these components in the presence of a medium containing a high concentration of salt. Although such binding is of general utility, a particularly useful application is the purification of monoclonal antibodies from ascites fluid by affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Human monoclonal antibodies (HmAbs) capable of reacting with cell surface antigens and intracellular components are disclosed. It has been found that HmAbs Ev248, Ch-5, Ch-13, Te-39, Hu44, Ge-1, Gr-431, Gr169 and Sp909 may be used to detect these antigens in various cells. By means of these HmAbs malignant cells may be determined. This information may be used to screen metastasized tumors and primary tumors for tissue source and greatly affects the management of these cancers.

Abstract: A chemically active membrane having a large surface area is provided in which a hydrophilic, microporous, skinless, polyamide membrane is chemically bound to a residue of an activating agent which is capable of reacting with a biologically active material.The chemically active membrane, formed by reacting a hydrophilic, microporous, skinless, polyamide membrane with an activating agent may be used to prepare a biologically active membrane having a large surface area which comprises an acceptor molecule such as a monoclonal antibody, a polyclonal antibody, an antigenic substance, a glycoprotein, Protein A, a lectin, a carbohydrate, an enzyme substrate, a cofactor, an inhibitor, a hormone, an IgG class of immunoglobulin, a carrier protein, a receptor, heparin, a coagulation factor, or a histone covalently bound to the hydrophilic, microporous, skinless, polyamide membrane by reacting the chemically activate membrane with the acceptor molecule.

Abstract: A procedure for detecting malignancy includes culturing human colon tumor cells in a capillary system. A rabbit is immunized with byproducts of the culture. An antibody produced in the rabbit is labeled with .sup.125 I using lactoperoxidase according to a known method. Blood samples are drawn from a being to be tested. The drawn blood is processed to produce serum. The immune complexes are removed from the serum with purified protein A from the Staphlococcus Aureus Cowan strain. The removed immunocomplexes are dissociated with 0.2M glycene/HCl pH 2.8. The labeled antibody is combined with the antigen component of the immunocomplex to produce a new labeled immunocomplex. The newly formed immunocomplex is precipitated with PEG 6000. The newly formed labeled immunocomplexes are counted in a gamma auto counter.

Abstract: Production of anti-H-Y hybridoma cell lines, and the use of the antibodies to determine the presence of H-Y antigen to indicate the sex of the proband inclusive of fetus, newborn and adult humans.

Abstract: A method for obtaining fetal cells for diagnostic examination comprises removing detached cells from the uterine cavity and outer surface of the amnionic sac. The cells are then incubated in the presence of a separation antibody which binds preferentially to either fetal cell antigens or maternal cell antigens for a time sufficient to permit antibody-antigen binding to occur. Cells having said separation antibody bound thereto are separated for the mixture. The separation antibody can be an anitbody binding preferentially to fetal cell antigens and not significantly to maternal cell antigens or it can be an antibody binding preferentially to maternal cell antigens and not significantly to fetal cell antigens. The antibody can be bound to an insoluble support prior to the incubation, and separation can be effected by separating the insoluble support from the cell mixture following the incubation.

Abstract: A method of immunoassay of an antigen in a liquid sample wherein a complex is formed between antigen contained in the said sample and two or more antibody reagents, and the said complex is bound to a solid support by non-covalent bonding as defined herein; and the amount of complex becoming bound to the support is determined; the process employing at least one monoclonal antibody reagent. Labelling methods including radio-active, fluorimetric and enzyme labelling may be used to effect determination of the binding of the complex to the solid support. The solid support may take the form of particles, beads, wall-coatings on the reaction vessel or an insert of large surface area. The method is particularly applicable to the assay of TSH, CEA, HCG, alphafeto protein, immunoglobulins, viruses, allergens, bacteria, toxins, drugs and vitamins. Use of monoclonal reagents improves the specificity of the process, and also decreases non-specific binding.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting an antigenic material in which the device comprises a test utensil having an indentation in which two reagent spots are placed, the first body being a dyed substrate having a coating of an antibody or antibody-like material thereon and the second of the two reagent spots comprising a dyed test-inert material or a dyed substrate with a coating of a normal animal serum, the dye employed in the second reagent spot having a different color than that employed in the first spot. When a liquid test sample is added to the indentation, the dyed substrate particles or components are suspended or solubilized, and the resulting suspension gives the appearance of a third color. A positive agglutination test is indicated by the formation of at least one spot having the color of the first dyed substrate against a background having the color of the second dyed substrate.

Abstract: An assay and kit for the detection and quantitative determination of interferon. The assay is based on the exposure of certain cells to a solution containing the interferon which is to be determined, infecting the cells with a certain virus, incubating for a predetermined period of time, lysing the infected cultures and determining the virus protein. The measurement of the virus proteins can be effected by ELISA or radioimmunoassay.

Abstract: A method for assaying circulating immune complexes comprisescontacting the circulating immune complexes in solution in serum with a staphylococcal protein-A linked to a detectable label, whereby a CIC-protein-A-label complex is formed,selectively precipitating the CIC-SPA-label complex by contacting the complex with polyethylene glycol,separating the precipitated CIC-SPA-label complex from the serum,measuring the quantity of the label in the precipitated CIC-protein-A-label complexcomparing the measured quantity of label with at least one standard prepared by subjecting a solution containing a known amount of CIC or functional equivalent material to the same assay. The method requires only a single precipitation step and in a preferred embodiment the formation of the CIC-SPA-label complex may be formed in a single step.

Abstract: A reagent for the determination of an antibody against an esterase from pathogenic streptococci, which comprisesreagent 1: an esterase (a) from pathogenic streptococci,reagent 2: a protein (b) which is capable of binding to an antibody (d) against the esterase (a) and is bound to an insoluble carrier, andreagent 3: a reagent (c) for measuring an activity of the esterase (a),and a method for the determination of an antibody against an esterase from pathogenic streptococci. The reagent and method of the present invention are useful for diagnosis of various diseases caused by pathogenic streptococcal infections.

Abstract: A radiolabeled or enzyme labeled peptide having no more than 60 amino acids in the chain of the peptide; the peptide having covalently linked amino acids disposed in a steric configuration which is recognized by and bound by an antibody. The labeled peptides can be utilized in various processes to detect the presence of a given antibody or antigen in a sample. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to same may be so detected.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an autologous precipitating antibody and the gp70 pigment-associated antigen on melanoma cells which it recognizes. The antibody is useful in detecting pigmented melanoma cells in excised specimen, serum or urine.

Abstract: Methods for the isolation and purification of an antigen, named NB/70K, from human ovarian carcinomas and radioimmunoassays for the detection of ovarian carcinomas, as well as an antibody specific for NB/70K.

Abstract: A method is described for the differential diagnosis of rheumatological diseases. Sera from patients with SLE; MCTD, and RA are screened for antibodies directed against RNA polymerase II using a solid phase immunoassay. Significant levels of the antibodies were detected with sera of all SLE and MCTD patients and in 78% of the RA patients. No detectable anti-RNA polymerase I antibodies were detected in the sera of healthy individuals.Sera from patients with SLE contained immunoglobulins directed against the S3 subunit of RNA polymerase I, as well as antibodies to the S2 or S5 subunits, RA patient's sera contained antibodies only to S3 while MCTD patients sera contained antibody to S4 in addition to antibody to the S3 and S5 subunits. The identification of specific reaction patterns of the antibodies with the individual subunits of the RNA polymerase I is indicative of a particular class of rheumatological disease.

Abstract: A method for the determination of antigens or antibodies in a fluid by incubation of particles, which have antigens on the surface, and antibodies, whereby either the antigens or the antibodies are of known specificity is described. This method comprises introducing the antigen/antibody complex into a container having a conical-shaped or keel-shaped bottom recess, whereby at least the recess of the container is coated with an immunoglobulin-building component which is directed against the antibodies. After centrifugation the amount of the sediment is determined, which indicates whether the antigen or antibody to be determined is present or not.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an improved heterogeneous enzymeimmunoassay involving the use of a reversibly soluble polymeric substance acting as the support for the antibody. In the direct method the antigen to be detected and an enzyme labeled antigen are bound by antibody which is chemically linked to the soluble polymeric substance. The polymer is rendered insoluble and removed from the test solution. After resolubilization into a solution containing substrate for the enzyme label, the assay for antigen is completed by determination of enzymatic activity. In the indirect method, the antigen to be detected and an enzyme labeled antigen are incubated with a primary antibody unattached to the polymeric substance. After addition of a second antibody which is chemically linked to the polymeric substance, the polymer is rendered insoluble and the assay is performed as in the direct method described above.

Abstract: Ligand having at least two determinant or binding sites is contacted with a labeled first binder, an unlabeled second binder different than the first binder and a precipitating binder specific for the second binder, with such contacting precipitating a complex of the ligand and the first and second binders to thereby separate bound labeled binder from unbound labeled binder. The bound and/or unbound labeled binder is determined as a measure of the ligand.

Abstract: A novel analyte-cytolysin conjugate and its use in a lipid vesicle mediated measurement process is described for a wide variety of analytes present at very low concentration. The method involves forming a reaction system consisting of analyte, analyte specific binding agent, analyte-cytolysin conjugate, and vesicles containing detectable marker material in such proportions that uncombined conjugate alters the permeability of the vesicles resulting in the release and quantitative detection of marker material which can be correlated with the amount of analyte initially present.

Abstract: Mouse monoclonal antibody AbR.sub.24 (Dippold et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 77:6114-6118, 1980) has a high degree of specificity for human melanoma cells when tested on viable cultured cells using the PA-MHA serological assay. The antigen detected by this antibody has been isolated from melanoma cells and shown to be G.sub.D3 ganglioside by compositional and partial structural analysis and by comparison with authentic G.sub.D3 by thin layer chromatography (TLC). AbR.sub.24 reacts with authentic G.sub.D3, but not with any other ganglioside tested. Using TLC and reactivity with AbR.sub.24, a wide range of cells and tissues was examined for the presence of G.sub.D3. A new serological assay, termed glycolipid-mediated immune adherence (GMIA), was devised for assaying the reactivity of AbR.sub.24 with gangliosides. Melanomas (cultured cells or tumor tissue) were shown to have T.sub.D3 and G.sub.M3 as major gangliosides. Other cells and tissues examined also contained G.sub.D3, but usually only in low amounts.