Abstract: A base module of an electronic device is adapted to provide a basic functionality, wherein the base module comprises a connection device for electrically contacting the base module, and wherein the connection device is adapted to establish an electrical connection between the base module and an extension module for functional extension of the base module, so that the base module may be electrically contacted through the extension module. Furthermore, an extension module and an electronic device with extended functionality are proposed.

Abstract: An external connected lamp holder has a first lamp holder, the first lamp holder is provided with a first socket matched with a lamp body, the lamp body has a first driving circuit board, the external connected lamp holder further includes a first female plug assembly. The external connected lamp holder, interconnected lamp holder, driving circuit board and lamp of the embodiments realize the installation of the lamp holder and the driving circuit board through plug-in electrical connection, instead of being welded together. This construction reduces the requirements of product precision, tooling precision and assembly precision in the automated production process, and it reduces the cost of automated manufacturing and the loss in the production process of products.

Abstract: A light fixture includes a light-permeable tube with an end cap pushed onto a free end of the tube, a light module arranged inside the tube and a driver device at least partially received in the tube for driving the light module, wherein the tube has a substantially constant external diameter over its entire longitudinal extent.

Abstract: The utility model relates to an enhanced lamp holder including a conductive shell and an insulation component installed on the conductive shell; the conductive shell includes a base and a cover extending outward from one side of the base, and the base and the cover form a cylinder with an opening; the insulation component includes a support member and a rear seat member, and the support member and the rear seat member are connected as a whole; the base is embedded and fixed between the support member and the rear seat member to form a fixing structure for fixing the insulation component; a threaded hole penetrating the support member and the rear seat member is set in the insulation component, and a conductive member is installed in the threaded hole.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing the afterflame of a flammable, meltable material. A textile composite is described comprising an outer textile comprising a flammable, meltable material, and a heat reactive material comprising a polymer resin-expandable graphite mixture.

Abstract: In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for systems and methods that employ a control component and/or power source integrated in an LED based light source to control and/or power the LED light source wirelessly. In embodiments, the LED based light source may take the form of a standard light bulb that plugs into a standard lighting socket or fixture.

Abstract: The invention described herein is directed to different embodiments of a bi-pin dongle that in some embodiments is adapted to be received by a standard lamp holder to provide an electrical signal to a non-conventionally shaped lamp or other electronic device.

Abstract: A legacy-type fluorescent lamp fixture involves a magnetic ballast and a starter unit socket. Power savings are realized by using a retrofit fluorescent lamp assembly in place of the fluorescent lamp that would ordinarily by held in the fixture. The retrofit assembly may, for example, have a smaller fluorescent lamp. A digitally controlled electronic ballast within the retrofit assembly drives the smaller fluorescent lamp efficiently, thereby achieving power savings. In addition, an RF-enabled switch is installed in the starter unit socket. The RF-enabled switch communicates multi-bit digital control signals in serial fashion from the starter socket, through existing wires of the fixture, through the lamp holders of the fixture, and into the retrofit assembly. The electronic ballast receives these signals, decodes them, and in response turns on or turns off its lamp as commanded. Additional power savings are thereby achieved by keeping the lamp off when it is not needed.

Abstract: Fluorescent lamp holder assembly (10) comprising a lamp holder (15) and a socket (20). The holder (15) houses one pair of electrical terminals, and includes one pair of openings (30) located at a position corresponding to the position of the electrical terminals. The lamp holder (15) includes one pair of parallel spaced-apart legs (35) with one end connected to the terminal and the free end protruding from the body of the holder (15). The socket (20) has one pair of spaced-apart electrical terminals defining insertion inlets (45). The holder (15) can be coupled to the socket (20) by inserting the legs (35) into the corresponding terminals of the socket (20). The holder assembly (10) further comprises releasable, resiliently biased locking means (60) movable between an opening position, in which holder (15) and socket (20) can be unplugged and a locking position, in which holder (15) and socket (20) are held together.

Abstract: A socket adaptor for an LED lamp includes an adaptor body and an AC-DC converter disposed in the adaptor body. The adaptor body includes a holder for receiving an LED lamp, the holder being configured according to industrial standards. The adaptor body also includes an external base for attaching the socket adaptor to a lamp holder, the external base being configured according to the industrial standards.

Abstract: The present invention is an adapter with a first section having a base with standard compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) bi/quad pins formed thereon. A second section of the adapter has a socket for receiving an incandescent bulb, an LED bulb or other types of base sockets. The socket has a vertical telescoping section to allow the bulb to move relative to the base. A second embodiment of the invention has the socket positioned at a 90 degree angle relative to the base, and further having a knuckle and a horizontal telescoping section allowing the bulb to be repositioned when the adapter is used in recess housing. Additional embodiments utilize an electric pigtail in communication with the base to mount to a variety of lighting fixtures.

Abstract: An electrical system includes an electrical adapter and a stackable electrical adapter. The electrical adapter includes at least one of an electrical plug or an Edison screw base configured to receive a primary voltage, a voltage converter circuit configured to convert the primary voltage to the secondary voltage, and a first electrical connector part configured to be detachably coupled to a second electrical connector part of an electrical fixture configured to be powered by the secondary voltage. The stackable electrical adapter is configured to be powered by the secondary voltage, the first stackable electrical adapter having a first side and a second side opposite the first side.

Abstract: An electrical adapter, the adapter including an Edison screw base configured to receive a primary voltage from a voltage source, a voltage converter circuit configured to convert the primary voltage to the secondary voltage, and a first electrical connector part configured to be detachably coupled to a second electrical connector part of an electrical fixture configured to be powered by the secondary voltage.

Abstract: A device comprising a bottom portion providing a first contact and a second contact via an outer surface, an inner surface is conductive with the outer surface. The device comprises a bottom pressure pin, within the bottom portion, connected to the first contact and a top portion rotatably fixed to the bottom portion and comprising first and second connectors functionally exposed therethrough. The device comprises a printed circuit board (PCB), within the bottom portion, providing a first route to the first connector and a second route to the second connector. The PCB is fixably attached to the electrical connectors and the first route continuously contacts with the bottom pressure pin. The device comprises a radial pressure pin, fixably connected to the second route, that provides continuous connection with the second contact through the bottom portion's inner surface. A method of assembly of the device and a kit comprising the device.

Abstract: The invention described herein is directed to different embodiments of a bi-pin dongle that in some embodiments is adapted to be received by a standard lamp holder to provide an electrical signal to a non-conventionally shaped lamp or other electronic device.

Abstract: A lamp holder connector adapted for connecting with a lamp includes a first holder, a second holder, a connecting part, at least two buckling ears, a first terminal assembled in the first holder and a second terminal assembled in the second holder to electrically connect with the first terminal. Two opposite sides of the first holder defines two restraining arms. The second holder defines an accommodating chamber for receiving the connecting part therein. The connecting part defines an accommodating space for receiving the first holder therein. The two buckling ears are pivotally fastened to two sides of the connecting part. Two tops of the two buckling ears are matched with the restraining arms. Each buckling ear has at least one propping portion projecting into the accommodating space to prop up the first holder under rotating actions of the buckling ears when the lamp holder connector is disassembled.

Abstract: An end cap and socket system for use with a lamp bulb may include an end cap and a socket body. The end cap may include a first cylindrical portion with a first diameter, and a second cylindrical portion with a second diameter smaller than the first cylindrical portion. The socket may a key portion projecting from a front face of the socket. A adaptor for use with a socket may include a key portion. Alternatively, the end can may include a key disk with a key groove cut into the key disk, and the socket may include a key piece with a key rib structured to couple with the key groove. An adaptor for use with an end cap may include an adaptor body portion and a whole, wherein a contact pin can be inserted through the hole. These keying features are intended to prevent improper coupling between mismatched lamps and sockets or insure that the lamp, when mated to the socket, may be rotated in only one direction.

Abstract: An electrical adapter, the adapter including an Edison screw base configured to receive a primary voltage from a voltage source, a voltage converter circuit configured to convert the primary voltage to the secondary voltage, and a first electrical connector part configured to be detachably coupled to a second electrical connector part of an electrical fixture configured to be powered by the secondary voltage.

Abstract: An adapter set for fluorescent lamps with electronic ballast for converting to a fluorescent tube having a smaller diameter. The electronic ballast and the end cap adapter each on one axial front thereof comprise contact pins having dimensions of fluorescent tubes of larger diameters, and on the opposite axial front have contact sockets for receiving two contact pins of the fluorescent tube having a smaller diameter. Preferably, the electronic components of the ballast are located on at least two spatially separated partial circuit boards which may be connected to each other by a flexible contact strip. A jacket tube has at least one cable channel that extends axially relative thereto to house the wiring connecting the contact pins of the end cap adapter and the electric ballast.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a connecting structure of a lamp head base (2) and a lamp tube base (3). The lamp head base (2) includes an upper cover (21) and a lower cover (22) to engage with each other. The lower cover (22) has two troughs (221) which face downward and a through hole (222) disposed between the two troughs (221). A locking base (5) is connected to the lower cover (22). The locking base (5) includes a press surface (51) which is exposed outside an outer surface of the lower cover (22) and a hook (52) at an inner end thereof. The hook (52) is located above the through hole (222). The lamp tube base (3) includes two tubular sleeves (31) to fix two feet (41) which extend upward from a lamp tube (4), a connecting portion (32) to secure the two tubular sleeves (31), and a locking slot (33) disposed above the connecting portion (32).

Abstract: A bulb set structure comprises a plug having two guiding pieces to connect with a power source and to assemble with a LED bulb set and a fitter, an orifice to output alternating current, and a power converting unit having one end to electrically connect with the guiding pieces, and having another end to connect with wires of the LED bulb set and the fitter by using the joining segment to convert the alternating current into direct current, and a circuit board is used to rectify the alternating current to output direct current to emit LED bulb set and to transmit the alternating current to the fitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adapter set for fluorescent lamps with electronic ballast (7) for converting to a fluorescent tube (8) having a smaller diameter by way of two adapters (6, 7), which are produced by the electronic ballast (7) and by an end cap adapter (6), characterized in that the electronic ballast (7) and the end cap adapter (6) each on one axial front thereof comprise contact pins (1a, 6a) having dimensions of fluorescent tubes with greater diameters, such as T8, and on the opposite axial front have contact sockets for receiving two contact pins of the fluorescent tube (8) having a smaller diameter, such as T5. It is preferred that the electronic components of the ballast (7) are located on at least two spatially separated partial circuit boards (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), however which are electrically connected to each other by flexible contact strips (7e).

Abstract: A connector locking base structure of an LED lamp includes a connector locking base having a conventional lamp connector and a locking base coupled together such that a threaded end of a cap of the LED lamp can be screwed to the locking base of the connector locking base. The conventional lamp connector of the connector locking base can be inserted into a socket for use with a conventional lamp, thereby allowing power to be supplied to the LED lamp for emission of light. Grooves formed in a casing of the conventional lamp connector are engaged with hooks of the locking base. A screw hole is centrally formed in the locking base. The hooks are provided on the inner side of the locking base and engaged with the grooves of the conventional lamp connector, respectively, to thereby form the connector locking base.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adapter allowing them to be installed into a lamp fixture primarily conceived for fluorescent tubes. Certain types of neon tubes consume significantly less electricity while operating than fluorescent tubes and have a longer lifetime than fluorescent tubes. The adapter comprises a pin holder from which one or more pins extend and has means to electrically connect the electrode of the neon tube to the lamp fixture. An adapter is installed on each extremity of a neon tube prior to the installation of the neon tube in a modified fluorescent lamp fixture. Finally, neon tubes do not comprise or at the very least comprise significantly less mercury (which is widely recognized as being a health treat) than is found in fluorescent tubes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an adapter device for enabling the use of a compact fluorescent lamp in a lighting apparatus having a socket for an incandescent lamp. The adapter device includes a fastening structure, a cap, green and red Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and a Direct Current (DC) power supply. The fastening structure fastens the compact fluorescent lamp. The cap supplies Alternating Current (AC) power to the fastening structure. The green LEDs emit light in a wavelength range of 498-530 nm, and the red LEDs emit light in a wavelength range of 620-700 nm. The LEDs are installed around the compact fluorescent lamp. The Direct Current (DC) power supply supplies DC power to the green LEDs and the red LEDs.

Abstract: An apparatus for making electrical contact with luminous means in spotlights, which contain a glass vessel, a luminous means base and contact pins for the power supply is provided. The apparatus comprising a luminous means holder with at least two socket pairs for accommodating the contact pins of different luminous means. The socket pairs are arranged in clamping pieces, whose mutually opposite connecting faces can be removed from one another in order to accommodate the contact pins of the luminous means and can be guided towards one another in order to make electrical contact with the contact pins of the luminous means.

Abstract: A lamp socket includes a lamp connection unit which is electrically connected to a lamp, a power connection unit which is disposed below and adjacent to the lamp connection unit along a longitudinal axis and is electrically connected to an electric source which supplies power to the lamp, and a fastening member which is disposed on the power connection unit, wherein the power connection unit comprises at least one sub-component which has a surface area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis which is larger than the largest surface area of the lamp connection unit perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and wherein the sub-component of the power connection unit with the largest surface area perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is located proximate to the lamp connection unit.

Abstract: A lighting device usable in a vehicle, the lighting device comprising at least a reflector and a lamp, wherein the reflector further includes an orifice. The lamp may be mounted in a lamp holder, the lamp holder being coupled to the reflector and positioned at least partly in the office. In addition, the orifice located within the reflector may be configured to work with a variety of lamp holders, including at least a discharge bulb lamp holder and a halogen bulb lamp holder.

Abstract: At the end of life of a fluorescent lamp having a base to which a pin is press-fitted, it is an object to prevent the pin from dropping or slanting, etc. A fluorescent lamp includes a base having a base body and a pin press-fitted to a hole formed on the base body. A pin retaining force (a pin torque of the base) Fe after use by which the base body retains the pin is at least 0.08 Nm after the fluorescent lamp is burned for a rated life, and a rate Fe/Fi of an initial pin retaining force Fi by which the base body retains the pin before use of the fluorescent lamp and the pin retaining force Fe after use is at least 0.66.

Abstract: A lamp base may include a cylindrical body having an end surface, a first step portion and a second step portion, a first upper pin connector provided on the first step portion, a second upper pin connector provided on the second step portion, and a first and second lower pin connector provided on the end surface. Interfitting keys and recesses may also be used to insure that a lamp base is only coupled to an appropriate socket. Adapter blocks may be used to apply such recesses to an existing lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly of a capped high-pressure discharge lamp (1) and a lamp holder (50). The discharge lamp comprises an outer envelope (10) in which a discharge vessel (11) is arranged. The outer envelope has a pinched portion (20) provided with a clamping member (25). A lamp cap comprises a substantially circular-cylindrical cup shaped portion for receiving the clamping member and is provided with a protruding collar (36). The lamp holder (50) comprises a substantially circular-cylindrical flange (55) for receiving the cup-shaped portion such that the flange engages the protruding collar. An inner diameter of the flange (55) has a tolerance of less than or equal to ?0.2 mm. An outer diameter of the cup-shaped portion (33) has a tolerance of less than or equal to +0.2 mm. The respective tolerances extend over a length of at least 2.5 mm, measured with respect to the protruding collar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an adapter device for enabling the use of a compact fluorescent lamp in a lighting apparatus having a socket for an incandescent lamp. The adapter device includes a fastening structure, a cap, green and red Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), and a Direct Current (DC) power supply. The fastening structure fastens the compact fluorescent lamp. The cap supplies Alternating Current (AC) power to the fastening structure. The green LEDs emit light in a wavelength range of 498-530 nm, and the red LEDs emit light in a wavelength range of 620-700 nm. The LEDs are installed around the compact fluorescent lamp. The Direct Current (DC) power supply supplies DC power to the green LEDs and the red LEDs.

Abstract: A method and device for replacing a fluorescent tube lamp with an LED lamp. The LED lamp includes an elongated electrical assembly having ends terminating in first and second electrical connectors, and a plurality of LEDs mounted to the elongated electrical assembly. Mounting adaptors connect with the first and second electrical connectors, and have protruding pins to connect with conventional lamp socket connectors. The mounting adaptors have rotating connectors for connecting with the first and second electrical connectors of the LED lamp, so that the LED lamp orientation can be rotated after the LED lamp is fully mounted to the lamp socket connectors.

Abstract: A lighting tube adapting device includes an insulating base having two through holes for receiving two tube pins of a lighting tube, and an adapting unit including two adapting seats, two adapting members, and two bridge members. The adapting seats are spaced in the insulating base and define two hollow spaces separately communicating with the through holes on the insulating base. The adapting members are electrically conducting and mounted in the hollow spaces of the adapting seats, and respectively include a first sleeve portion for receiving one tube pin and a second sleeve portion sidewardly communicating with the first sleeve portion. The bridge members are electrically conducting, and respectively have a first adapting pin for inserting into the second sleeve portions and a second adapting pin for inserting into two pin insertion holes on a socket. Therefore, the lighting tube is electrically connected to the socket via the adapting device.

Abstract: A lamp is configured for removable insertion into a socket assembly. The lamp includes a light source and a housing. The housing has a proximate end and a distal end. The light source is attached to the proximate end. The housing has an aperture at the distal end. The socket assembly includes a post. The aperture is sized to receive the post when the lamp is inserted into the socket assembly.

Abstract: An electrical contact modifier is configured to allow the use of a “single-element” medium base light bulb in a three-way lamp holder/switch. The device allows the three-way switch to replicate the “OFF-ON” functionality of a standard one-way light switch.

Abstract: A method and system is described of adapting a three way lamp socket to be able to utilize a plurality of “single-element” light bulbs.

Abstract: An improved structure of energy-efficient lamp base includes a fixing base, conductors, two elastic elements, and a bottom cover. The conductors are disposed and fixed in the fixing base by the elastic elements. The conductors go into the wire holes of the fixing base using back hooks, thereby fixing the wires. The bottom cover is inside the fixing base. A blocking part is used to block the wire inside the wire hole and the connecting pin of the energy-efficient lamp. The blocking part serves the purposes of double-blocking and preventing inappropriate contacts between the wires and the energy-efficient lamp. This improves the safety of the invention.

Abstract: An electrical contact modifier is configured to allow the use of a “single-element” medium base light bulb in a three-way lamp holder/switch. The device allows the three-way switch to replicate the “OFF-ON” functionality of a standard one-way light switch. The apparatus may be implemented as a single-socket bulb extender, or alternately, a device that is concealed within the lamp holder body and/or attached to the base of a one-way “single-element” light bulb.

Abstract: An adapter for providing a recessed lamp in a screw-type lampholder. This adapter has an electrical contact-making device, via which an electrical connection is produced between a screw base, which can be introduced into the screw-type lampholder, of the adapter and the recessed lamp once the recessed lamp has been introduced into the adapter. Furthermore, the adapter has a switchable electrical connecting device, via which, in the state in which there is no mechanical connection between an enveloping bulb for the recessed lamp and the adapter, an electrical connection is not produced between the screw base and the recessed lamp, and via which, in the state in which the recessed lamp is surrounded, at least in sections, by the enveloping bulb, an electrical connection is produced between the screw base and the recessed lamp. As a result, the recessed lamp in the adapter can only be operated with the enveloping bulb placed thereon.

Abstract: An adapter for fluorescent lamp fixtures that retrofits a T-8 lamp fixture for a T-5 fluorescent lamp that is simple and inexpensive is disclosed herein. The lampholder adapter includes a rotatable locking disk member set in a base assembly for receiving the end-prongs of a fluorescent lamp. The lampholders adapters of at least two different lengths, placed at either end of the fixture may be a T-5 fluorescent lamp of variable lengths. These lampholder adapters are connected to retrofit existing T-8 fixtures, allowing the use of T5 lamps by compensating for the lamp length difference and, thereby, saving the manufacturers substantial money in retooling costs.

Abstract: A hanging lamp conversion connector for supporting a suspended lamp, and which can threadedly engage within the socket of a recessed lighting fixture, once its lamp has been removed, provides for an instant conversion of a recessed light or ceiling socket to a hanging lamp, for installation within any facility. It includes a housing, of a light socket, into which a single or double threaded plug may locate, and which provides an upward orientation of the upper threaded plug with a light socket for threading directly into the recessed lighting fixture, for installation. Such a connector can be easily removed, by unthreading the lamp and the lamp can be replaced with another, or a different reflector, or shade, to add to the variety of uses and multiple displays associated with a variety of suspended and hanging lamps.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a connector having watertight between a cover and a housing, and preventing a filler from leaking out of fitting faces therebetween. The housing has a housing groove, at a side of the cover, defined with a first and second housing walls. The cover has a cover groove, at a side of the housing, defined with a first and second cover walls. When the cover is attached to the housing, a first and second thin end portions of the first and second cover walls enter into the housing groove to form a filling space of the filler around a connector block of the housing. The filler injected into the filling space expands and presses the first and second thin end portions to deform and closely abut the first and second housing walls.

Abstract: The present invention is a kit for adapting a tube lamp fixture made for a first size of lamp tubes into a fixture that accommodates smaller lamp tubes. The kit comprises a conversion apparatus that itself comprises a bar in which are disposed one or more plugs for connecting to the sockets in the existing tube lamp fixture, said plugs being slidably disposed on the bar to adapt to the position of the sockets in the fixture. The conversion apparatus further comprises one or more slidably disposed sockets on the opposite side of the bar that may be positioned independently from the plugs. Appropriate wiring permits the supply of electrical energy to the tube lamps. The invention further comprises a master-slave ballast conversion assembly. The ballast conversion assembly comprises a chain of circuit boards connected by cables and connectors that enable a single ballast to control two or more tubes through a chain of circuit boards.

Abstract: A connector system for a rod-shaped two-ended gas discharge lamp (12) with bases (20) disposed on the connector ends (16) of the discharge lamp (12) and with insert sockets (22) for receiving the bases (20) in a lamp housing (14). Each base (20) is provided with a contact pin (26) linked with a lamp electrode (36) with an insulating cylinder (28) surrounding the contact pin (26) while leaving a lateral connector opening (46) free. Each insert socket (22) is provided with a contact element (58) that can be detachably engaged with the corresponding contact pin (26) through the connector opening (46) of the pertaining base (20) and can be impinged upon with a high voltage. The insert socket is further provided with an insulating body (60) that carries the contact element (58) and covers the connector opening (46) in the connected state.

Abstract: A lamp adapter comprising a housing with a reflective coating on the inside thereof, a lens, a means for attaching the lens to the housing, a waterproof grommet, and a converter having a female socket and a male plug, wherein the female socket and the male plug have insulated electrical contacts to provide bipolar electrical connection between the female socket and the male plug, such that a light bulb can be inserted into the female socket, and the male plug of the adapter installed in a standard light bulb socket, thereby allowing a variety of different light bulbs to be installed in a weatherproof housing.

Abstract: A separation device of an electronic ballast body and a fixing seat includes a body, an electronic ballast, a socket, a fixing seat, and two safety locking members. The body has an inner wall formed with a receiving chamber for receiving the electronic ballast and the socket which is rested on the electronic ballast. The fixing seat has one end locked on a closed end of the body. Each of the two safety locking members is mounted and locked between the body and the fixing seat, so that the body and the fixing seat may be locked with each other, thereby integrally combining the body with the fixing seat. Thus, the separation device may be assembled and disassembled easily and conveniently, thereby facilitating replacement and maintenance of the separation device of the present invention.

Abstract: A device for a projector to adaptively receive lamps of different sizes. The device includes a fixing element for fixing a lamp to a support structure of the fixing element. The lamp having a lamp tang. The fixing element provides a locking mechanism for the lamp and is adapted to receive at least two different diameters of lamp tangs. The fixing element for the lamp is movable between at least two positions, to adapt to a focal distance of a specific lamp.

Abstract: The present invention is a kit for adapting a tube lamp fixture made for a first size of lamp tubes into a fixture that accommodates smaller lamp tubes. The kit comprises a conversion apparatus that itself comprises a bar in which are disposed one or more plugs for connecting to the sockets in the existing tube lamp fixture, said plugs being slidably disposed on the bar to adapt to the position of the sockets in the fixture. The conversion apparatus further comprises one or more slidably disposed sockets on the opposite side of the bar that may be positioned independently from the plugs. Appropriate wiring permits the supply of electrical energy to the tube lamps. The invention further comprises a master-slave ballast conversion assembly. The ballast conversion assembly comprises a chain of circuit boards connected by cables and connectors that enable a single ballast to control two or more tubes through a chain of circuit boards.

Abstract: An appliance lamp holder assembly in accordance with the invention directly accommodates the use of various lighting units, either directly or through the use of one or more adapter bases, in a multitude of international applications. More specifically, the universal lamp holder assembly of the invention preferably includes an adapter base which can take the form of a housing, snap-connector ring or the like. A lamp holder member is then inserted into the adapter base and firmly locked in place. With this arrangement, a single lamp holder member can be employed in illuminating various zones in the appliance or different lamp holder members can be employed with universal adapter bases to cover both domestic and a multitude of international hi-volt (e.g. 220-240V, 50/60 Hz) and 115 volt applications.