Abstract: A water pipe includes a pipe body (1), a woven layer (2) sleeved around the pipe body (1), a first joint assembly (3) arranged at one end of the pipe body (1) and secured to the pipe body (1), and a second joint assembly (4) arranged at another end of the pipe body (1) and secured to the pipe body (1); the woven layer (2) includes bamboo charcoal fibers and polypropylene filaments. The woven layer (2) is sleeved around the pipe body (1) and is not connected with the pipe body (1), and the woven layer (2) includes bamboo charcoal fibers and polypropylene filaments. Bamboo charcoal fibers have the functions of resisting bacteria and removing peculiar smell and can effectively prevent the generation of bacteria on the water pipe and the emission of peculiar smell when the water pipe is used in humid outdoor environments.

Abstract: The inventive technology includes methods and apparatus for the generation and application of segregated catalytic additives for the pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous fuel and/or feedstocks. The application of such segregated additives results in the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions during combustion as well as gasification processes. Specifically, pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous materials with the inventive additives results in the reduction of NOx and/or mercury emissions by least 20% and 40% respectively.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of tiles includes the steps of: preparing mixed powder having a water content of 2 to 7% by mixing 30 to 80 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide powder or dolomite plaster powder, 20 to 70 parts by weight of porous aggregate, 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a first photocatalyst and water; filling the mixed powder into a mold of a molding machine; forming a formed body by pressurizing the filled mixed powder; curing the formed body in a carbon dioxide atmosphere; and forming a thin layer made of a second photocatalyst on a surface of the formed body.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feed stocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles and contain a sorbent. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. In addition, one or more sorbents can be added to the feed stocks in order to reduce the amount of a variety of pollutants present in traditional fuel and feed stocks, including, but not limited, sulfur and chlorine. Further, these feed stocks with added sorbent can mitigate corrosion, improve fuel conversion, extend power generating plant lifetime, reduce ash slagging, and reduced operating temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making a fuel element for a smoking article including the steps of mixing a metal-containing catalyst precursor with a filler material or graphite or a combination thereof to form a pre-treated fuel element component; optionally calcining the pre-treated fuel element component in order to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalytic metal compound; after the optional calcining step, combining the pre-treated fuel element component with a carbonaceous material and a binder to produce a fuel element composition; and forming the fuel element composition into a fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article. Examples of metal-containing catalyst precursors include iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cerium nitrate, cerium ammonium nitrate, manganese nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Fuel elements treated according to the invention, and smoking articles including such fuel elements, are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feed stocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles and contain a sorbent. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. In addition, one or more sorbents can be added to the feed stocks in order to reduce the amount of a variety of pollutants present in traditional fuel and feed stocks, including, but not limited, sulfur and chlorine. Further, these feed stocks with added sorbent can mitigate corrosion, improve fuel conversion, extend power generating plant lifetime, reduce ash slagging, and reduced operating temperature.

Abstract: Integrated cement production systems and methods implementing the systems are disclosed, where the integrated cement production systems include a burnable fuel supply subsystem, a cement raw material supply subsystem, a kiln subsystem and a cement clinker composition storage subsystem. The burnable fuel supply subsystem is adapted to receive one or a plurality of used and/or unused healthcare materials. The burnable fuel supply subsystem can feed the materials directly into the kiln subsystem, can convert the materials into different form and feed the different form to the kiln subsystem or feed a combination of the materials, different forms and optionally conventional fuels to the kiln subsystem.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for producing fuel briquettes from high moisture fine coal. The apparatus includes a coal fine pelletizer, a pellet dryer and a fuel briquette former all provided in-line for the efficient production of fuel briquettes. The method comprises forming pellets from coal fines, drying those pellets to a desired moisture content of about 1 to about 10% and forming fuel briquettes from the dried pellets.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic fuels, additives for use in preparing synthetic fuels and methods for producing synthetic fuel. The synthetic fuels include low levels of a chemical change additive selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth oxides and hydroxides and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the synthetic fuel further includes low levels of a second chemical change additive, which is a petroleum hydrocarbon material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing shaped, activated charcoal. According to the method, after being ground, carbon-bearing material, or a mixture of several carbon-bearing materials are rendered homogenous with a binding agent which contains water, or a mixture of several binding agents, at least one of which contains water. The mixture of carbon-bearing material and binding agent is then formed into shaped bodies. According to the invention, in order to consolidate the grain formation, these are dried until they exhibit a maximum total water content of 3% by wt. in relation to the shaped body. The shaped bodies which have been formed and dried in this manner are then subjected to a carbonization and subsequently a gas activation process.

Abstract: A process for making a fuel product from paper mill sludge including dewatering the paper mill sludge so as to have a solids content of greater than 7 percent by weight, mixing an oxide-containing chemical and molasses with the dewatered paper mill sludge, pressurizing the mixed sludge to a pressure of greater than 6 p.s.i. for a period of time of no less than 15 seconds, and drying the pressurized mixed sludge to no less than 60 percent solids by weight. The oxide-containing chemical can be either calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The oxide-containing chemical is mixed in an amount of between 1 percent to 10 percent by weight of the dewatered paper mill sludge. The molasses is mixed in an amount of between 0.1 percent and 1 percent by weight of the dewatered paper mill sludge. The method also includes grinding the dried sludge to a desired size of no less than 325 mesh and no larger than one-quarter inch in diameter. The dried sludge has a heating content of no less than 5,000 BTUs/pound.

Abstract: An artificial firelog is provided comprising combustible cellulosic material, a combustible wax binder and an amount of sodium bicarbonate effective to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). The sodium bicarbonate comprises about 1% to about 10% by weight of the artificial firelog. Preferably, the sodium bicarbonate comprises about 2% to about 5% by weight of the artificial firelog. Besides substantially reducing PM and CO emissions during combustion of the artificial firelog, the undesirable odor associated with combustion of the wax binder is decreased and the firelog's total burn time is extended. Moreover, the sodium bicarbonate increases the “poke resistance” of the firelog making the log suitable for outdoor use and a natural appearing white ash develops during the course of combustion.

Abstract: A mixture includes paraffin wax and a thickening agent, the thickening agent being pseudoplastic above the melting point of the paraffin wax. The paraffin wax ideally makes up 50-99% w of the mixture, and the thickening agent 1-40% w of the mixture. The thickening agent includes diatomaceous earth. The mixture may include abrasive material, fibrous particles, and talc to affect its texture when applied to an article. Also disclosed is a synthetic log of combustible material including wood waste and a hydrocarbon (such as paraffin wax), and a coating applied in a state of low viscosity so as to partially or wholly cover the surface of the log, which then sets. This coating is ideally the mixture defined above. The log may be wrapped in a sleeve which features a transparent window, so the coating can be viewed, especially if the coating is only applied to part of the log's surface.

Abstract: Artificial charcoal is manufactured by utilizing organic materials and environmental contaminated materials that would become industrial waste if processed by ordinary processing methods. Fine stone powder that generates far-infrared radiation and/or negative ions is mixed with a powder of pulverized, combustible, industrial waste material. The fine stone powder may comprise one or more of quartz porphyry, granite porphyry and tourmaline. The mixed powders are moulded and solidified to produce an artificial charcoal having great advantages, both socially and economically.

Abstract: A briquette, and method of making it, for use in gas-fired barbecue grills. The briquette features three desirable characteristics: (1) relative permanency or durability, i.e. it is useable a number of times without physical disintegration or shedding of ash; (2) the desirable heat absorption and radiation characteristics of lava rock; and (3) the ability to impart flavor to the grilled food. Broadly described, the briquette includes from about 60 percent to about 95 percent by weight lava rock fines such as scoria or basalt fines, from about 5 percent to about 15 percent by weight calcium aluminate and/or Portland cement, less than 5 percent by weight starch; and—before drying in manufacture—from about 0.2 percent to about 8 percent by weight water. Ideally, the briquette also includes up to about 10 percent by weight wood particles such as hickory or mesquite shavings. A method for making the inventive briquette is disclosed.

Abstract: An artificial firelog which contain 2% to about 6%.sub.w coriander seed added to create a crackling sound that mimics the sounds produced during the burning of natural logs. The random crackling sound continues for approximately the same time period as observed with the burning of natural wood firelogs and has an amplitude and frequency of crackling sound that mimics burning natural wood logs.

Abstract: Thermally shock-resistant chemically bonded agglomerates suitable for use as a combustible fuel or in a gasification process are produced by:(a) mixing particulate organic material comprising particulate carbonaceous fuel and/or animal excrement (such as dewatered comminuted sewage sludge) with a lignosulfonate, in the presence of water, with application of heat sufficient to maintain the lignosulfonate in fluid form, so as to deposit a film of lignosulfonate over the surface of the particulate material;(b) oxidatively conditioning the lignosulfonate coated particulate material under conditions permitting escape of water present in the mixed particulate material, the conditioning either being in the presence of calcium ions or being followed by mixing the conditioned particulate material with lime; and(c) shaping the resulting free-flowing plastic mixture under pressure, to form the thermally shock-resistant agglomerates.

Abstract: There is disclosed a briquette and a method of making the briquette, wherein the briquette includes a first quantity of carbon fines and a second quantity of a material in powdered form which contains iron or a similar metal, or an oxide thereof, the second quantity being sufficiently large that the slippery nature of the carbon fines is suppressed, and the overall density of the briquette is increased.

Abstract: Solid combustible agent for disaggregating soot and tarry deposits in chimney flues, said agent comprising an aggregate of cellulosic particulate material, chemical and/or catalytic soot disaggregating agent and binder. This agent is preferably used alone, i.e. in the substantial absence of an already ignited fire, when combusted to treat the flue.

Abstract: A process for preparing a solid material containing coal ash includes a first step of mixing coal ash with a calcium compound to obtain a mixture, a second step of molding the mixture to obtain a molded article, and a third step of subjecting the molded article obtained in the second step to a hydrothermal treatment at a temperature of at least 120.degree. C. under high pressure. In the first step, 40 to 95 parts by weight of the coal ash is mixed with 60 to 5 parts by weight of the calcium compound, and the coal ash to be used has a bulk density of at least 0.8 g/cm.sup.3, an average particle diameter of 5 to 40 .mu.m and an aluminum content of 35% by weight or less in terms of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. By the use of a blowing agent or the like, it is also possible to obtain a porous lightweight solid.

Abstract: A refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellet having about 11% or more particulate calcium hydroxide which is utilized in a combustionable mixture. The pellets are used in a particulate fuel bring a mixture of 10% or more, on a heat equivalent basis, of the RDF pellet which contains calcium hydroxide as a binder, with 50% or more, on a heat equivalent basis, of a sulphur containing coal. Combustion of the mixture is effective to produce an effluent gas from the combustion zone having a reduced SO.sub.2 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of effluent gas from similar combustion materials not containing the calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for time production of fuel pellets or briquettes from sewage sludge solids and municipal solid waste with minimal drying requirements. In one of its more specific aspects, this invention relates to a solid pelleted or briquetted fuel product consisting essentially of sewage sludge solids, waste paper and/or refuse derived fuel, and crushed coal, and to its method of preparation. In still another of its specific aspects, this invention relates to a method for the production of fuel gases from sewage sludge solids and cellulosic wastes.

Abstract: A method of forming organic charcoal briquets from a mix of quantities of discrete coconut charcoal particles, borax, pulverized limestone, binder starch and water as well as the fuel product produced thereby.

Abstract: An improved process for reducing sulfur oxide emissions from the combustion of coal is disclosed wherein a fuel mixture comprising calcium-containing sorbent and coal is fed to the burners and sulfur oxides react with calcium from the sorbent in a high temperature sulfur capture region, followed by additional sulfur capture in a lower temperature, high humidity sulfur capture region prior to separation of particulates from the flue gas. Sulfur capture using calcium-containing sorbents can be combined with aggressive coal beneficiation techniques to further enhance reduction of sulfur oxide emissions. The process of the invention provides a process for reducing sulfur oxides that efficiently uses calcium-containing sorbents to enhance sulfur capture while reducing the need for expensive equipment or process modifications.

Abstract: A process for making fuel cubes from straw includes the steps of drying and cutting the straw, adding lime to the straw and applying ammonia to the straw. The straw is then placed in a densification machine or cuber where solid bricks are formed. The ammonia breaks down the natural crystalline lattice structure of the straw's cellulose thus allowing it to be compacted.

Abstract: Boiler fouling, particularly in air preheater section, is minimized by combining with a substance designed to neutralize acids a detergent builder such as the sodium, potassium and ammonium phosphates, polyphosphates, silicates, metasilicates, borates, metaborates and sesquicarbonates.