Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel method and machine for the production of a biomass composition from waste materials including the steps of evaluating the waste material for emissions related factors, treating the evaluated waste material with the additive composition to form a low emissions biomass composition and shaping the biomass composition into solid fuel formations. The present invention further provides an additive composition used in the treatment of the waste materials that comprises an emission sponge, a filler and optional BTU modifier. The treating step includes the steps of sizing selected waste materials, blending the sized waste materials with the additive composition formulated specifically for the waste material and forming with a press the blended waste materials into solid fuel formations. The resulting biomass solid fuel formations produce lower emissions than typically produced by coal and may be combined with, or used in place of coal in fuel burning structures and devices.

Abstract: Process for the production of solid fuel from wastewater sludge, and equipment suitable for carrying out the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a method by which high moisture low rank coal or other carbonaceous material may be transformed into a high-energy, water resistant product. The raw feed is comminuted then mechanically compacted by a roller press with rolls of a specified profile to mobilize the inherent moisture and collapse most of the interstitial pore space. The mobilized moisture is then removed by low-temperature drying and the material is sized and shaped to form a product that is resistant to re-absorption of water or other liquids. The present invention will promote the use of low rank coal for liquefaction and gasification.

Abstract: A dryer performance optimization system comprising a dryer having an inner wall and being adapted to rotate at variable speeds and a variable frequency drive being adapted to vary the rotational speed of the dryer. The preferred system also comprises a baghouse having an inlet end being adapted to receive exhaust gas from the dryer and an outlet end and a controller being adapted to control the temperature of the exhaust gas from the dryer. A method for controlling the temperature of exhaust gas in a baghouse comprising providing a dryer performance optimization system as described herein and varying the temperature of the exhaust gas from the dryer by varying the rotational speed of the dryer.

Abstract: A reactor for grinding and roasting biomass, including: a chamber interiorly delimited with internal walls; a grinder laid out inside the chamber, including a central rotary shaft rotatably mounted in the chamber and grinding elements present on the central rotary shaft for grinding against internal walls and of biomass, or lingo-cellulosic biomass, present inside the chamber; a heater for heating and maintaining by thermal conduction via the grinder the biomass present inside the chamber, at a predetermined called roasting temperature between 200° C. and 350° C., to simultaneously achieve grinding and roasting of the biomass in the chamber.

Abstract: A process for converting waste fibers to solid fuel is provided, including providing a supply of animal waste including the waste fibers in a predetermined quantity; washing the supply of animal waste for a predetermined washing period; dewatering the supply of animal waste by separating water from the waste fibers for a predetermined dewatering period; shedding the waste fibers for separating liquids from solids; compressing the dewatered and shed waste fibers to generate a plurality of briquettes; torrefying at least one of the plurality of briquettes in a torrefaction reactor using a heat source at a predetermined torrefying temperature for a predetermined torrefying period; removing the at least one of the plurality of briquettes from the reactor; and cooling the torrefaction reactor to reach a predetermined cooling temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for efficient cooling of torrefied material which also increases energy yield and hydrophobicity of the torrefied product and decreases clogging of the cooling device. The method includes that at least a part of cooled torrefied material is mixed-back with hot torrefied material before the hot material is introduced into a cooling device for further cooling of the torrefied material.

Abstract: An assembly for processing green biomass materials from two separate feed sources for use as a fuel pellet includes a drying assembly, a torrefaction assembly and a heating assembly. The drying assembly is adapted to convert the green biomass material obtained from a first source to white biomass material. The torrefaction assembly is adapted to convert green biomass material obtained from a second source to torrefied biomass material. The heating assembly provides heat for both the drying assembly and the torrefaction assembly.

Abstract: Biochar machine includes a sealed container for rice straw bales with two gates. The top gate is for rice straw feeding and the bottom gate for Biochar. The Biochar unit is equipped with a stirrer operated by an electric motor and a speed reduction unit. The Biochar unit is operated indirectly through a combustion chamber with a fuel burner to heat the sealed container from all sides indirectly. The gases produced as a result of heating the rice straw are collected and returned back to the combustion chamber through a blower.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite fire product comprising mixing materials, that include wax, at least one dry material and at least one non-dry material with a moisture content of at least 15%, blending and heating the mixed materials, compressing and heating the blended mixture, the compression pressure being at least 500 psi and the temperature being at least 100 F, and extruding the compressed mixture to form the composite fire product.

Abstract: An assembly for processing green biomass material for pelletizing into a fuel pellet includes a heating assembly, a drying assembly and a cooling assembly. The heating assembly heats a thermal fluid to a temperature within the range of 200° F. to 550° F. The drying assembly includes a rotating dryer drum that has a plurality of thermal fluid tubes therein. Material that is dried in the dryer drum is conveyed to a rotating cooling drum that has a cooling tube extending along the interior thereof. A nozzle is mounted on the end of the cooling tube to discharge cooling fluid on the material therein, and a plurality of flights are mounted on the interior of the cooling drum and arranged to direct material from the inlet to the discharge outlet as the cooling drum is rotated.

Abstract: With a method as well as a system for processing of sunflower extraction grist, particularly for obtaining proteins, wherein the particles from shell kernel parts and adhering proteins of the extraction grist are separated from one another by means of screening, a solution is to be created for processing the extraction grist of sunflowers, which occurs in the production of sunflower oil, in such a manner that it can be utilized in many different ways and, in particular, in practical manner. This is achieved, in terms of method, by means of the following steps: comminuting the grist by means of breaking it in beater impact mills (3) and/or corrugated rollers (16), screening the mixture of coarse and fine particles produced, separating the plant shells (fibers) and proteins by using water (5, 18), drying (6) the components, and pressing (8) the woody components into pellets as fuel for energy production.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to waste to energy systems and methods. The instant invention is further directed to processes and systems for mixing, binding, and stabilizing agents for manufactured refuse driven solid fuel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a fuel (10) containing carbon, wherein the fuel (10) is formed by compressing raw material (2) containing carbon and adding an additive (4) that promotes thermal utilization of the fuel at a specified amount, and the additive (4) contains a chemical compound made of the elements calcium and/or magnesium and having or not having carbon. According to the invention, in a first method step, the raw material (2) containing carbon is pressed and in this way a pressed fuel article (6) is produced, and then the additive (4) is fed to at least one area (6a) of said pressed fuel article (6).

Abstract: Embodiments presented herein describe an apparatus and method to convert carbonaceous materials, particularly biomass and those biomass resources which are remotely located, into a high performance solid fuel. This method, and the apparatus described as the means to accomplish this method, provides a continuous process which can be completely powered by the energy contained in the biomass. The heat, mechanical power and electrical power are provided from the energy in the biomass, through the methods described. In this way, the apparatus is free to operate in remote locations, where no power or auxiliary fuel sources are available.

Abstract: An organically clean biomass fuel formed of mixture of a powder, which may be either dried, cellulosic product, wood charcoal powder, and/or a combination of the two, and a fluid, which may be vegetable oil, vegetable alcohol or a combination of the two. A centrifugal machine dries moist, cellulosic product and extracts black liquor. A grinder transforms the dried, cellulosic product into powder. Gum may be extracted from the vegetable oil or vegetable alcohol. A batch mixer or vibrating vessel mixes the powder and the fluid together; the fluid moisturizes the powder. Depending upon the relative amount of the fluid as compared to powder, the mixture will either be in a liquid cream state or a doughy state. If the latter, the mixture may be pressed into briquettes or ingots.

Abstract: Mechanically and biologically stable briquettes and pellets are obtained from either municipal solid waste (MSW), Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) or municipal sewage sludge and their combination for purposes of disposing said briquettes and pellets as fuel in waste-to-energy processes such as the one described herein or to form geometric aggregates with such briquettes for their disposal at landfill sites. The use of binding material is not required whereas fuel additives such as crushed coal and petroleum residues may be added to enhance fuel performance but are not needed to improve waste processing or product stability and mechanical properties.

Abstract: An artificial firelog and firestarter chip producing apparatus comprising a cutting assembly, a compression conveyor auger assembly and a die. The apparatus converts standard waxed corrugated cardboard boxes into artificial firelogs by first slicing cardboard sheets into cardboard strips, then chopping the cardboard strips into cardboard segments in the cutting assembly. The cardboard segments are horizontally disposed between the rifling and compressed in the compression conveyor auger assembly and extruded in the die to form generally horizontally disposed, circular, longitudinally-shaped sections of a firelog. Firestarter chips are fabricated by the cutting assembly, which slices waxed cardboard sheets in conjunction with paper sheets into waxed cardboard and paper strips, then chopping the waxed cardboard strips into waxed cardboard segments and the paper strips into paper segments and waxed cardboard segments mix.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for forming an aggregate product from particulate material, and in particular for making an aggregate coal product from coal particles. The method involves the steps of 1) loading the coal particles into a mold having an open end and an inner surface defining, in part, a pressurization chamber, the open end of the mold having an outwardly flaring inner peripheral end surface, 2) pressurizing the coal particles within the pressurization chamber such that the coal particles aggregate to form the coal log, and 3) pushing the coal log out of the mold past the flared end surface so that the coal log expands as it passes the end surface. The method may also include the step of maintaining back pressure on the coal log as it is pushed out of the mold. In addition to coal logs, the mold configuration of this invention may be used for making other aggregate products from particulate materials.

Abstract: A dryer for particulate materials comprising an elongated, peripherally enclosed combustion tunnel having a combustion chamber and an exhaust outlet, a liner spaced from and around the combustion tunnel, having an exterior radiant heat reflective shield, a peaked upper roof portion defining a pair of diagonal, flow dividing, slide surfaces, the upper roof portion being of a metal alloy having a low coefficient of friction and high thermal conductivity, a jacket surrounding and generally spaced from the liner, cooperative with the liner to form a material drying chamber between the liner and jacket, the jacket having a configuration similar to that of the liner and an interior heat reflective shield, an elongated, particulate material inlet conveyor in the housing above the upper roof portion of the liner for dispensing particulate material over the length of the roof portion to evaporate volatilizable substances therefrom, an elongated, particulate material discharge conveyor in the jacket, beneath the liner,