Abstract: A non-irradiative method for producing singlet oxygen is provided that comprises passing a gas comprising oxygen through or over a perforated metallic article. A method of oxidizing a target of treatment is also described that comprises providing a metallic article and convecting a gas comprising oxygen over or through the article toward the target.

Abstract: A method for producing thin films, particularly for coating surfaces includes a) adding surface-active substances to flowable compositions comprising nanoscale inorganic particulate solids having polymerizable and/or polycondensable organic surface groups; b) forming one or more thin films stabilized by the accumulation of the surface-active substances at the interface(s), the forming of one or more thin films taking place through the generation of bubbles, foam, through the formation of minimal surfaces and/or through the wetting of surfaces; and c) solidifying the films by polymerization and/or polycondensation.

Abstract: A bubble blower tube includes a blower tube defining opposing mouthpiece and an outlet, a check valve mounted in the outlet to prohibit flowing of air or bubble fluid from the outlet toward the mouthpiece, a bubble-forming tube having a connection end connected to the periphery of the blower tube and a bubble-forming end shaped like a trumpet and suspending outside the blower tube, and a bubble fluid retaining ring located at the bubble-forming end of the bubble-forming tube and defining an outer bubble fluid retaining part and an inner bubble fluid retaining part.

Abstract: A bubble blower tube includes a blower tube defining opposing mouthpiece and an outlet, a check valve mounted in the outlet to prohibit flowing of air or bubble fluid from the outlet toward the mouthpiece, a bubble-forming tube having a connection end connected to the periphery of the blower tube and a bubble-forming end shaped like a trumpet and suspending outside the blower tube, and a bubble fluid retaining ring located at the bubble-forming end of the bubble-forming tube and defining an outer bubble fluid retaining part and an inner bubble fluid retaining part.

Abstract: A bubble generating assembly has a head section having a bubble generator associated therewith, a body housing and a feet section that is configured as a reservoir for holding bubble solution. The body housing houses a motor and an air generator coupled to the motor, the outer surface of the body housing defining a handle for the assembly, and having an actuator provided on the outer surface of the body housing. A pump system is provided inside the body housing, and draws bubble solution from the feet section to the bubble generator.

Abstract: A bubble-forming nozzle plate fastened to one end of a blower tube of a bubble blower toy is disclosed, having a front wall adapted for adhering a bubble fluid, a back wall facing the air passage defined in the blower tube and a plurality of jet nozzles cut through the front wall and the back wall in communication with the air passage defined in the blower tube. The jet nozzles have a minimum cross sectional area within the range of 0.07 mm2˜7.07 mm2.

Abstract: A bubble generating assembly has a housing shaped as an animal and defining a mouth, with a stationary member secured to a permanent location extending across a portion of the mouth. The assembly includes a reservoir provided inside the housing and retaining bubble solution, a trigger mechanism, a plurality of bubble generating rings positioned adjacent the mouth, a tubing that couples the interior of the reservoir with the ring, and a link assembly that couples the trigger mechanism and the rings in a manner in which actuation of the trigger mechanism causes the rings to be moved from a first position to a second position across the stationary member.

Abstract: A device for soap bubble blowing has a tube through which a bubble is blown and which is provided with protrusions and recesses, and a ledge of a special shape on its walls, wherein the tube can be fitted in a lid which is joined with a container intended to keep a film-generating composition, and a composition for soap bubble blowing includes surface active agents, high-molecular substances, water, and high-boiling polar water-soluble solids, said surface active agents being selected of the group consisting of anion-active and non-nonionic agents, said anion-active surface active agents having a content of 1-5 by weight, said non nonionic surface active agents having a content of 0.1-1 weight percent by weight, wherein a ratio of said non ionic and ion-active surface active agents is 1:3-1:30.

Abstract: A toy bubble-in-bubble assembly includes first and second coupled together bubble generators and first and second air supply conduits. The first gas supply conduit is positioned relative to the first bubble generator such that gas passing through the first air supply conduit impinges on the first bubble generator. The second gas supply conduit is positioned relative to the second bubble generator such that gas passing through the second gas supply conduit impinges on the second bubble generator. The openings in the first and second bubble generators are adjacent and positioned relative to each other such that a bubble generated at the opening in the first bubble generator is adjacent to an opening in the second bubble generator and thus enables the generated bubble to be blown into an opening in the second bubble generator to generate a bubble within a bubble.

Abstract: Provided is a soap film-viewing toy having a frame for holding the soap film and a slider for creating the soap film. The frame and slider are disposed in a container that is preferably hermetically sealed. The slider can move across the frame to create the soap film. The slider can slide under the influence of gravity when the frame or container is tilted, or in response to movement of an external magnet. The container has a clear window for viewing the soap film, and a frosted window that diffuses incident light. Other walls of the container are preferably black and opaque and so provide for clear viewing of the soap film.

Abstract: Bubble forming amusement devices include a housing defining an air flow path therethrough, a bubble forming member disposed along the air flow path, and dried bubble forming material formed of bubble soap concentrate associated with the bubble forming member. Application of a liquid to the bubble forming material permits creation of bubbles as air is forced through the air flow path. Bubble forming material can be added to an inner surface of a receptacle to which liquid is added to create a bubble forming solution. The bubble forming soap concentrate is typically applied to the bubble forming member or receptacle and allowed to dry. The bubble forming material can also comprise a hardened gel or saturated open-cell material which is then associated with the bubble forming member.

Abstract: A bubble forming apparatus includes a member which defines a bubble forming aperture, and a reservoir of liquid soap concentrate in fluid communication with the bubble forming member. A duct extends from the reservoir to one or more outlets disposed adjacent to the bubble forming aperture such that the liquid soap concentrate can flow from the reservoir to the bubble forming member. A channel may be formed within the bubble forming member adjacent to the bubble forming aperture to facilitate the flow of liquid soap concentrate to the bubble forming aperture. An open-cell wick which extends from the reservoir to the bubble forming member may also be used to deliver the liquid soap concentrate to the bubble forming member. A liquid permeable lining may be disposed between the outlets and the bubble forming aperture. The reservoir includes a fill port for refilling the reservoir with liquid soap concentrate when necessary. In one embodiment, a handle of the apparatus defines the reservoir.

Abstract: A device that produces toroidal bubbles of gaseous fluid when operated in immersed relation to a body of liquid fluid. A first embodiment is operated by a person who blows into a first end of the device with a short burst of air, and a second embodiment is operated by a pneumatic pump that delivers a short burst of air to the first end. A normally closed valve such as a poppet valve is positioned on a second end of the device. The valve opens and closes very rapidly in response to the burst of air. Air escaping around the peripheral border of the valve creates a toroidal bubble that expands in volume as it approaches the surface of the liquid fluid; the effect is visually pleasing. The valve of the device may also be held in the mouth, eliminating the conduit. In additional embodiments, the source of gaseous fluid is any pneumatically-charged device.

Abstract: A bubble making apparatus and method for producing an orderly chain of simply connected large bubbles. Bubble forming vents are provided into a bubble forming chamber at one end of a bubble forming tube. Bubbles propagate along the tube and are expelled through a bubble outlet port as a chain of bubbles with the aid of air flow through bubble propulsion vents. The chain of bubbles is supported by air flow from an air outlet port disposed below the bubble outlet port.

Abstract: A brush-type system for attracting high volumes of fluid through capillary action and retaining such fluid by surface tension pending usage; and, more particularly, a brush-type system (20) of the foregoing type for blowing bubbles including: a hollow tubular body member (21); a plurality of flexible bristles (22) disposed in a hollow tubular array (24) and secured in coaxial end-to-end relation to the body member (21) and in closely spaced surrounding relation to the tubular array (24) of bristles (22) with the free ends of the bristles (22) projecting slightly beyond the free end of the sleeve (25). The bristles (22) are preferably slightly sinuous and have longitudinally extending radial flutes (30). The bubble blowing system (40) preferably includes an essentially spill-proof receptacle (41) for receiving the brush (20) and enabling loading of the bristles (22) with a bubble forming solution without risk of deformation of the bristles (22).

Abstract: A complete bubble blowing assembly which can be worn as a necklace. A small bubble horn capable of producing large bubbles is attached as an ornament to a necklace cord. A vial for containing bubble solution may be removably attached to the horn for transportation. During bubble blowing play the vial is separated from the horn so that the horn can be dipped into the bubble solution, priming the horn for bubble blowing. The lid of the vial can be attached to the bottom of the vial providing a stable base for the vial and preventing loss of the lid during play.

Abstract: An air bubble blower is disclosed. The blower consists of a tube having an input end for air and an output end. A first nozzle connects the output end, and the a second concentric nozzle is mounted surrounding the first nozzle. The second or other nozzle is spaced away from the inner nozzle and extends therebeyond. The outer nozzle mounts a socket which opens into the space between the nozzles and a squeezable reservoir is intended to be mounted on the socket opening thereinto. The reservoir is then squeezed to fill the space between the nozzles, the output plug opened, and when air is admitted from the input end bubbles will be blown at the opening of the outer nozzle.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing from a bubble solution a beard of long, interconnected bubble chains comprises a hollow elongate tube having opposite ends and a sidewall connecting the opposite ends. The tube has at one end a first portion adapted to receive a gas and at the opposite end a second portion defining at least one aperture extending through the sidewall and in gaseous communication with the first portion. A porous cloth is disposed over and about each of the apertures, the cloth defining a multiplicity of substantially minute interstices for holding thin films of bubble solution. Gas introduced at the one tube end passes through the first tube portion, into the second tube portion, and emerges from the apertures through the bubble solution held in the cloth to form a beard of bubbles extending about and along substantially the entire length of the second portion sidewall.

Abstract: A rise and fall type bubble blower toy is described. The device consists of a cylinder having a diaphragm across the central portion thereof with an axial port and having a nozzle mounted on the upper surface of the diaphragm. A piston is disposed below the diaphragm and mounts upstanding rods which support a ring which rests on the upper surface of the cylinder and which in turn supports an inner ring which is normally disposed within the cylinder above the nozzle. An air inlet to the cylinder is provided below the piston. The cylinder is mounted within a housing which may have any desired configuration disposed below the diaphragm and mounts upstanding rods which support a ring which rests on the upper surface of the cylinder and which in turn supports an inner ring which is normally disposed within the cylinder above the nozzle. An air inlet to the cylinder is provided below the piston.

Abstract: A bubble blowing toy is described. The toy consists of a figure with a mouth which opens. The bubble blowing liquid is contained in a reservoir in the lower jaw. The upper jaw has a depending flange which rests in the liquid when the mouth is closed. There is a cylinder disposed within the body. Air admitted to the cylinder drives a piston to the rear of the cylinder. A rod carried by the piston encounters a depending flange from the head member which causes the head member to pivot and open the mouth. The air also rushes through an opening in the cylinder, through an air channel and through a nozzle disposed within the mouth which blows bubbles from the film of bubble blowing liquid extending from the upper jaw to the lower jaw.

Abstract: A bubble pipe, which comprises a hollow tubular member having first and second open ends, a mouthpiece closing said first end and having an orifice therein communicating with the interior of said hollow member, said second end being adapted to support a film of a bubble solution thereacross, and a film divider at the second end for dividing the film of bubble solution carried by the second end, the cross-sectional area of the opening at said second end being about sixteen times the cross-sectional area of said mouthpiece.