Abstract: A roof mounted ventilation assembly having fluidly coupled supply and relief fans is provided. One drive unit assembly may be operatively associated with both fans. A rotatably and vertically movable duct fluidly couples a supply discharge plenum to a roof-mounted air intake hood so that the former may move vertically and rotatably relative to the latter, thereby the present invention can selectively pressurize the spaced inhabited by the supply discharge plenum through a positive supply to relief air volume ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing airflow for cooling computing devices (e.g. in a data center) in normal and cold environments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises positioning the computing devices on a plurality of racks with air barriers to create hot and cold aisles. The computing devices may be configured in a first mode to draw in cool air the cold aisles and exhaust heated air into the hot aisles. Temperatures in the cold aisles may be periodically measured. In response to temperatures below a predetermined threshold, one or more of the cold aisles may be converted into a temporary hot aisle by adjusting ventilation openings and configuring a subset of the computing devices to temporarily draw in warm air from the temporary hot aisle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for managing airflow for cooling computing devices (e.g. in a data center) in normal and cold environments are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises positioning the computing devices on a plurality of racks with air barriers to create hot and cold aisles. The computing devices may be configured in a first mode to draw in cool air the cold aisles and exhaust heated air into the hot aisles. Temperatures in the cold aisles may be periodically measured. In response to temperatures below a predetermined threshold, one or more of the cold aisles may be converted into a temporary hot aisle by adjusting ventilation openings and configuring a subset of the computing devices to temporarily draw in warm air from the temporary hot aisle.

Abstract: A centralized fresh air cooling system that operates with outside air that vents inside house air into the attic of a house or building. A damper redirects air from the output of the central air circulator to the attic area to blow the hot attic air out of an attic. A typical central air circulator can replace the air within a house or building five to ten times an hour. They system can be retrofit to most central air systems by replacing the thermostats and installing the damper between the air circulator and the house or building ducting. Outside cooler air is drawn in windows or other openings in house or building, into the air circulator returns and then into the attic. The system uses multiple sensors and control mechanism to ensure optimal energy savings.

Abstract: A building may include a floor, a dome having a vent, and an internal ceiling that divides areas underneath the dome into first and second chambers. The internal ceiling may have an aperture that is structured to allow air to pass from the first chamber into the second chamber. The building may also include an air inlet configured to allow air to travel from outside the building into the first chamber and an air moving device that is configured to facilitate the movement of the air. The building may also include an air cooling element that is configured to cool the air as it travels from outside the building into the first chamber.

Abstract: A coaxial ventilator exchanges atmosphere between parts of a building that are at differing heights. The coaxial ventilator includes an outer conduit that extends from an upper end thereof downward to a lower end thereof. The outer conduit surrounds an inner conduit that extends substantially the entire length of the outer conduit. Both the outer and inner conduits are open at their respective upper ends and lower ends. Temperatures of atmosphere both surrounding and within the outer conduit and the inner conduit induce an exchange of atmosphere between the coaxial ventilator and surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A coaxial ventilator (20) exchanges atmosphere between parts of a building (22) that are at differing heights. The coaxial ventilator (20) includes an outer conduit (24) that extends from an upper end (42) thereof downward to a lower end (44) thereof. The outer conduit (24) surrounds an inner conduit (62) that extends substantially the entire length of the outer conduit (24). Both the outer and inner conduits (24, 62) are open at their respective upper ends (42, 66) and lower ends (44, 68). Temperatures of atmosphere both surrounding and within the outer conduit (24) and the inner conduit (62) induce an exchange of atmosphere between the coaxial ventilator (20) and surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A coaxial ventilator (20) exchanges atmosphere between parts of a building (22) that are at differing heights. The coaxial ventilator (20) includes an outer conduit (24) that extends from an upper end (42) thereof downward to a lower end (44) thereof. The outer conduit (24) surrounds an inner conduit (62) that extends substantially the entire length of the outer conduit (24). Both the outer and inner conduits (24, 62) are open at their respective upper ends (42, 66) and lower ends (44, 68). Temperatures of atmosphere both surrounding and within the outer conduit (24) and the inner conduit (62) induce an exchange of atmosphere between the coaxial ventilator (20) and surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A building may include a floor, a dome having a vent, and an internal ceiling that divides areas underneath the dome into first and second chambers. The internal ceiling may have an aperture that is structured to allow air to pass from the first chamber into the second chamber. The building may also include an air inlet configured to allow air to travel from outside the building into the first chamber and an air moving device that is configured to facilitate the movement of the air. The building may also include an air cooling element that is configured to cool the air as it travels from outside the building into the first chamber.

Abstract: An integrated heating and cooling system for a living space of a building connects together (a) a solar-based heating and cooling system and (b) heating and cooling systems that rely directly or indirectly on fossil fuels that are conventionally used in buildings. The system operates the solar-based heating and cooling system preferentially to heat or cool the living space. Therefore, the system minimizes the use of fossil fuels to heat and cool the living space.

Abstract: A protective shelter including an enclosure having at least a floor, at least one sidewall coupled to the floor, a door, and a roof coupled to the at least one sidewall. The protective shelter further includes one or more members coupled to the enclosure that support the protective shelter on a substrate and a resilient grouser attached to at least one of the one or more members and in contact with the substrate.

Abstract: The invention discloses a ventilation system including an inner, an outer tube and an air intake and exhaust apparatus. The inner tube has one end extending in a radial direction, wherein an air outlet and an air outlet are formed on the inner tube. An exhaust channel is formed between the inner and outer tubes, and the supporting member is disposed in the exhaust channel. The air intake and exhaust apparatus comprises an elevating member, a plurality of driving members and a cover plate. The elevating member has a connection block. The driving members are made of expandable material. The cover plate is rotatably coupled with the inner tube and has a connection portion. The connection portion abuts against the connection block when the driving members are not expanding. The connection portion of the cover plate disengages from the connection block when the driving members are expanding.

Abstract: A ventilated roof features an elongated vent having a vent opening and an elongated vent shingle supporting surface. The vent opening is in fluid communication with a slot defined by the top surface of a roof deck and communicating through the roof deck. An end cap has an end cap shingle supporting surface and is located adjacent to an end of the elongated vent. The vent and the end cap adjacent to the vent are supported in an equivalent spaced-apart relation to the top surface of the roof deck. The elongated vent shingle supporting surface, the end cap shingle supporting surface and the top surface of the roof deck provide a substantially continuous support to a shingle overlapping any two of those elements.

Abstract: A passive ventilation stack for a room, building or the like comprises an interior space and first and second openings providing fluid communication between the interior space and a room to be ventilated, and the outside atmosphere. A control system is provided for varying the size of the openings, so as to cause natural heat exchange between relatively cool ventilation air entering the stack from outside and relatively warm air entering the stack from a room or building to be ventilated.

Abstract: A span type greenhouse has structural units installed parallel to one another over an entire length of a bay defined under a span. The ratio of a distance between a top of the greenhouse and a horizontal straight line passing through top ends of side posts over the bay width is less than 1/5. This greenhouse also has central double opening windows. In a transverse profile of the greenhouse, and angle formed between a straight line tangential to an arch segment in a transverse plane of the greenhouse at a side lintel, and a straight line intersecting a hinge axis and the end of a closed side window in the transverse plane of the greenhouse is non-zero in the direction of a concave side of the greenhouse profile, this break in slope procuring a slope for the closed window that is at least 15°.

Abstract: A vent for a roof includes a body having an inner surface facing the roof, an outer surface, first and second opposing ends and first and second opposing sides. First and second edge portions are disposed at or about the first and second sides, respectively, and include a plurality of openings for the passage of air. A plurality of protrusions extend outwardly from the inner surface of the body. A plurality of elongated resilient members extend longitudinally between the first and second ends of the body and cooperate with the protrusions. At least a portion of each of the elongated resilient members extends beyond a bottom edge of the vent and is compressed against the exterior surface of the roof, in order to substantially fill in and seal spaces between the exterior surface of the roof and the at least one vent.

Abstract: A roof structure and a vented eave riser are described. A vented eave riser can include a barrier wall with one or more air flow openings, and an ember impedance structure positioned proximate to the barrier wall. A roof structure may comprise a roof deck and a layer of roof cover elements spaced above the roof deck to form an air layer between the roof deck and the roof cover elements. The roof structure may also comprise one or more vent members each replacing and mimicking an appearance of one or more roof cover elements of the layer of roof cover elements, and/or at least one vented eave riser positioned at an eave between the roof deck and the layer of roof cover elements. The vent members and/or the vented eave riser may further include an ember impedance structure, such as a fire-resistant mesh material or a baffle structure.

Abstract: A method for installing a roof vent includes the steps of providing a base component having an outer flange having a bottom surface and surrounding a central opening; providing a top cover; mounting the top cover on the base component over the central opening to permit the air to flow through the central opening, but to exclude water from entering the central opening; and welding a riser box on the bottom surface of the base component around the central opening, the riser box being sized and shaped to fit around the curb of the roof. The base component is then mounted onto the curb such that the base component covers the building venting aperture and the riser box fits around the curb.

Abstract: A roof ventilation system operable based on environmental parameters is disclosed. The system includes a vent, a fan, a solar panel, a battery and a controller. The vent is positioned within a field of a roof, and includes a first opening configured to allow airflow between regions above and below the roof. The fan is positioned to generate an air flow through the vent. The solar panel is positioned on the roof in a location such that the solar panel receives solar radiation. The battery is electrically connected to the solar panel. The controller is in communication with the fan, and is configured to drive the fan based on at least one environmental parameter.

Abstract: An airflow pad is disclosed that includes first and second external facings of paper material extending between edge portions of the panel and having interior portions disposed remotely from the edge portions. A low-density core of paper material disposed between and associating the external facings to provide stiffness to the panel. The pad defines a network of channels open at least one of the edge portions and at the interior portion of the first facing allowing airflow therebetween.

Abstract: A storage container system comprising an arrangement for adjustable ventilation intended for storing at least one article that is thermally sensitive and/or requires ventilation to the ambient atmosphere. The device includes at least one door and at least one aperture ventilation assembly. The aperture ventilation assembly includes a planar wall aperture array and a corresponding planar shutter aperture array, wherein the sliding relationship between the two arrays results in a plurality of ventilation levels, including a fully open state, and a closed state capable of substantially sealing off the contents of the container from the ambient atmosphere. Certain preferred embodiments include a plurality of storage compartments configured within the container's inner volume wherein each compartment is sealed from one another and possesses its own aperture ventilation assembly for ventilation adjustments.

Abstract: An air handler building structure is disclosed, which includes a floor, a plurality of lateral walls, a roof, and one or more openings located either on the roof or on at least one of the lateral walls. The lateral walls include a lower and an upper lateral walls opposing to each other having different respective heights determined in accordance with a ratio. The roof has a pitch consistent with the ratio associated with the lower and upper lateral walls. The shape of the building structure allows air within the building structure to rise via natural convection. In addition, a first dimension along a first direction defined between the lower and upper lateral walls relative to a second dimension along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction is such that the building structure provides access to outside natural air via one or more openings on the lower lateral wall.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for improving the cooling of the attic of a building by increasing the air flow therethrough includes the use of an air diverter attached to an A/C condenser unit casing partially around the exhaust fan opening in the casing for directing air from the exhaust fan into an air stream through open space towards a building soffit. A separate air hood mounted to the building soffit captures the air stream and directs it through the soffit into the attic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a through-passage roofing tile comprising at least one part that has an inlet opening and a sealing surface. A connecting part is arranged below the lower part, said connecting part likewise having a sealing surface which lies below the sealing surface of the lower part. Both sealing surfaces face each other. The lower part and the connecting part are interconnected by fixing means. A sarking membrane lies at least partly between both sealing surfaces.

Abstract: A beaded soffit panel and related method for buildings and the like includes a plurality of generally flat, imperforate base portions shaped to enclose at least a portion of the soffit when the soffit panel is mounted in a generally horizontal orientation under the eave. A plurality of generally M-shaped, contoured beads extend between the base portions, and have oppositely inclined sidewalls with center walls therebetween to create a decorative appearance on the soffit panel. A plurality of narrow vent slits extend through the exterior faces of the bead sidewalls at a predetermined acute angle to define angled tabs that extend inwardly, whereby when the soffit panel is installed, vision through the vent slits from a position generally underneath the eave is substantially blocked by the angled tabs.

Abstract: A ridge ventilator for covering an open ridge of a roof while promoting ventilation of a space beneath the roof. The ridge ventilator has a sectional body having a first side and a second side, a number of partitions extending across said body between said sides, as well as a first end and a second end. The vent body has a width between said sides to permit said body to be laid over and cover an open ridge in a roof formed at the peak. The body also includes a recessed middle portion in a top face of the body, the recess being sized and shaped to accommodate roofing cap shingles. The body also includes opposed raised and curved, in side view, air foil side sections; which have a grill to permit air to pass therethrough between a space beneath said roof and the outside, the air foil side sections being sized and shaped to create, in a wind passing over the air foil sections, a low pressure adjacent to the grill to facilitate drawing air out of the space.

Abstract: A ventilated roof features an elongated vent having a vent opening and an elongated vent shingle supporting surface. The vent opening is in fluid communication with a slot defined by the top surface of a roof deck and communicating through the roof deck. An end cap has an end cap shingle supporting surface and is located adjacent to an end of the elongated vent. The vent and the end cap adjacent to the vent are supported in an equivalent spaced-apart relation to the top surface of the roof deck. The elongated vent shingle supporting surface, the end cap shingle supporting surface and the top surface of the roof deck provide a substantially continuous support to a shingle overlapping any two of those elements.

Abstract: A bee house for housing a plurality of bee hives includes a generally rectangular frame and four upwardly extending opaque fixed walls fixed to the frame and a gable roof having a generally triangular cross-section. The roof has a peak and a pair of eaves or outer edges below its peak and defines a longitudinally extending opening between a pair of roof panels at or along the peak. The bee house also includes a plurality of shelves for holding three bee hives on each shelf and an air-conditioner for maintaining the bee house at a temperature of between about 25° C. and 35 C.

Abstract: Ridge strip apparatus. The abstract of the disclosure is submitted herewith as required by 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b). As stated in 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b): A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification must commence on a separate sheet, preferably following the claims, under the heading “Abstract of the Disclosure.” The purpose of the abstract is to enable the Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract shall not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims. Therefore, any statements made relating to the abstract are not intended to limit the claims in any manner and should not be interpreted as limiting the claims in any manner.

Abstract: A ventilation system for an attic space in a building having a roof includes a ventilation tube defining a ventilation channel. The ventilation tube is configured for the movement of air within the ventilation channel between a first end of the ventilation tube and a second end of the ventilation tube. The ventilation tube is disposed within an attic space in a building, such that the first end of the ventilation tube is positioned adjacent a soffit vent, and the second end of the ventilation tube is positioned within the attic space.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a photovoltaic frame assembly comprises a photovoltaic module and a frame having a plurality of air vents. The air vents allow air to flow into the frame and thereby cool the photovoltaic module. The frame may be installed in-line with another such frame to allow air flow between frames. The air vents may be located within a perimeter of the frame to allow for structural integrity while remaining aesthetically pleasing. The frame may include an inner lip, an outer lip, or both to provide different mounting options to accommodate different sites. The frame may comprise a plurality of frame members, such as extrusions including the air vents.

Abstract: Attic vents and methods of their use and manufacture are provided. The air vent of this invention includes an bottom panel member, a pair of side rails and a plurality of support members that connect the bottom to the side rails. The vent is foldable to allow portions of it to lie substantially flat during shipping, and to be deployed at the work site. The foldable configuration allows the vent to be pre-attached to an insulation batt using glue or other fastening means, and then folded and compressed along with the insulation batt for shipping. When deployed at the work site and installed in a roof structure along with the insulation batt, the vent defines at least one channel on the roof facing side thereof, for directing ventilated air from a soffit region of the roof to the roof peak.

Abstract: A venting system that is incorporated into the roof and/or wall allows the same to provide continuous air flow to ventilate the roofs and walls and prevent condensation build up and ultimate water damage to the structure. The channeled venting system is incorporated into the roof and/or wall sheathing and thereby is not prone to blockage by improper or amateur insulation installations.

Abstract: There is disclosed a vent for venting a building enclosure. The vent comprises a base, a cover and at least one attachment structure configured to attach the cover to the base. The base has an attachment element for attaching the base to the building enclosure and an aperture in the base to permit gas to pass in and out of the building enclosure therethrough. The cover, which is for covering the aperture, has a first cover portion and a second cover portion which are angled relative to one another. The at least one attachment structure is carried by both the first and second cover portions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an environmental control system for controlling moisture in a solar energy collector. The environmental control system facilitates the flow of air within and through the solar energy collector by using and enhancing a thermal gradient within the solar energy collector caused by exposure to sunlight. Two or more orifices are located in an enclosed solar energy system to permit air to enter, circulate and remove moisture from the system. The position of the two or more orifices and a thermal gradient generated by the solar energy collector facilitates this process.

Abstract: In one form, a vent system is provided that can be mounted to a structure to provide for air flow either into or out of the structure. The vent system comprising one or more covers and at least one bottom flange in which the bottom flange defines a hole or opening. The cover is positioned over the opening and further defines the space between the cover and the flange to provide for air to travel either into or out of the opening. One or more inserts may be positioned within the opening or within other spaces defined by the cover and bottom flange to assist in minimizing the amount of moisture, snow or other foreign objects from entering the vent system.

Abstract: A system and method of vent placement within a building is provided for improved passive ventilation. Vents are provided within the dividing structures or material layers that form the building's exterior and interior walls, ceiling, roof, floor, and/or intermediate story-defining “ceiling-floors.” Preferably, each vent is not a conventional ventilation stack and is oriented generally along a planar portion of the dividing structure within which the vent is positioned. Preferably, each vent is substantially entirely contained within its associated dividing structure. Vents are provided in corner sections of exterior walls, roof-portions, and the bottom floor of the building. Vents are also provided in corner sections of the ceiling portions, floor portions, and wall portions that define the interior rooms of the building.

Abstract: A ridge ventilator for covering an open ridge of a roof while promoting ventilation of a space beneath the roof. The ridge ventilator has a sectional body having a first side and a second side, a number of partitions extending across said body between said sides, as well as a first end and a second end. The vent body has a width between said sides to permit said body to be laid over and cover an open ridge in a roof formed at the peak. The body also includes a recessed middle portion in a top face of the body, the recess being sized and shaped to accommodate roofing cap shingles. The body also includes opposed raised and curved, in side view, air foil side sections; which have a grill to permit air to pass therethrough between a space beneath said roof and the outside, the air foil side sections being sized and shaped to create, in a wind passing over the air foil sections, a low pressure adjacent to the grill to facilitate drawing air out of the space.

Abstract: A structural vent assembly comprising a back member having a forward surface and a rear surface; a mount member adapted to be secured to the support structure between the roof deck and the support structure, the mount member having a proximal end fixedly attached to the rear surface; a front member having an outer surface and an inner surface; and means for connecting the forward surface to the inner surface in spaced apart relationship to form a passage for air flow therebetween, the passage having an upper end and a lower end communicating with the air space of the roof deck.

Abstract: A ridge vent for tile roofs. The vent includes first and second sub-flashing portions for spanning air gaps provided between the upper reaches of a roof deck and below a centrally located ridge beam. A plurality of ventilation apertures are provided in each of the sub-flashing portions. A top cap flashing is provided for attachment above the ridge beam. Included in the top cap flashing are a plurality of ventilation apertures defined by edge wall portions. A tile roof is provided, of the flat, low profile undulating, or of the S-tile (undulating) type. Tiles are provided in rows up to the edge of the sub-flashing. The gap between the top of the tiles and the bottom of the top cap flashing is preferably provided with a weathertight seal. Ridge cap tiles are provided in conventional stacked fashion running along above the top cap flashing.

Abstract: A ventilator for a covering for a boat or other object includes a dome for covering air venting openings. The air vents are provided in a pair of oppositely disposed ventilator plates. The boat or other covering is firmly clamped between the ventilator plates by means of a nut that can be tightened by hand. The venting openings are disposed one above the other with no obstructions therebetween in order to allow for direct air transfer between the inside and the outside of the cover while preventing weather elements from entering the cover.

Abstract: A ridge vent for tile roofs. The vent includes first and second sub-flashing portions for spanning air gaps provided between the upper reaches of a roof deck and below a centrally located ridge beam. A plurality of ventilation apertures are provided in each of the sub-flashing portions. A top cap flashing is provided for attachment above the ridge beam. Included in the top cap flashing are a plurality of ventilation apertures defined by edge wall portions. A tile roof is provided, of the flat, low profile undulating, or of the S-tile (undulating) type. Tiles are provided in rows up to the edge of the sub-flashing. The gap between the top of the tiles and the bottom of the top cap flashing is preferably provided with a weathertight seal. Ridge cap tiles are provided in conventional stacked fashion running along above the top cap flashing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a moisture venting structure for use in the construction of walls. It comprises a sheet of wall construction material. The sheet of material has a first side and a second side, wherein the first side has a plurality of channels formed therein. The channels are constructed and arranged to interconnect at least one channel with another channel. The interconnected arrangement, thereby, allows moisture to move from one channel into another channel.

Abstract: The covering system includes at least one panel capable of being placed in an inclined position with respect to a horizontal. The panel incudes an inner chamber, a plurality of suction apertures through which the inner chamber communicates with a void inside of a building, and a discharge aperture disposed at a level higher than the suction apertures when the panel is installed.

Abstract: A ventilation system for an attic or rafter space that mimics the appearance of the roofing material and thus has little effect on the appearance of the building. In one aspect primary vents are installed in the roof deck below the roof tiles, and the roof tiles are mounted to as to provide air spaces in between them and thus allow air flow from the primary vents to the outside. In another aspect a secondary vent is constructed to look like the surrounding field tiles and is installed over each primary vent. One or more vent openings in the secondary vent and an opening in the primary vent conduct air between the attic or rafter space and the outside. The secondary vent has a frame with one or more vent openings and a cap covering each opening shielding the ventilating space. Frames are formed in one piece and are made to fit each different size and type of roofing tile. The caps and the frame are ribbed for rigidity.

Abstract: A roof ventilation apparatus provides a vent tile shaped like a roof tile itself, and thus is inconspicuous and unobtrusive when installed, and blends with the field and/or ridgeline tile. The base of the unit may be used to mark the opening, after which a hole is cut in the roof, roofing cement is applied to the base flange, and the base is secured in place. The unit cover is then placed over the base and the remainder of the roof tile application is completed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ventilation system for an attic or rafter space that mimics the appearance of the roofing material and thus has little effect on the appearance of the building. The vent has two pieces, a primary vent and a secondary vent and they may be made of aluminum, galvanized steel or copper. The primary vent is installed on a roof deck over a ventilation opening cut through the deck. The secondary vent is constructed to look like the surrounding field tiles and is installed over the primary vent. One or more vent openings in the secondary vent and an opening in the primary vent conduct air between the attic or rafter space and the outside. The secondary vent has a skeleton with one or more vent openings and a cap covering each opening shielding the ventilating space. Skeletons are formed in one piece and are made to fit each different size and type of roofing tile. The caps and the skeleton are ribbed for rigidity.

Abstract: A hinged vent chute, for providing ventilation to an open attic space, includes an elongated chute segment and an insulation dam segment. The elongated chute segment has one or more upwardly open channels, extending from a lower end to an upper end of the chute segment, that provide an air passage from a soffit region of a roof, over an interior surface of the roof, up into an open attic space beneath the roof. The hinged vent chute has a hinge or fold line joining the elongated chute segment to the insulation dam segment which permits the vent chute to be folded downward at the hinge to position the insulation dam segment for securement to form an insulation dam which prevents loose fill insulation in an attic from flowing down into a soffit region of a roof and blocking air flow.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ventilation system for an attic or rafter space that mimics the appearance of the roofing material and thus has little effect on the appearance of the building. The vent has two pieces, a primary vent and a secondary vent and they may be made of aluminum, galvanized steel or copper. The primary vent is installed on a roof deck over a ventilation opening cut through the deck. The secondary vent is constructed to look like the surrounding field tiles and is installed over the primary vent. One or more vent openings in the secondary vent and an opening in the primary vent conduct air between the attic or rafter space and the outside. The secondary vent has a skeleton with one or more vent openings and a cap covering each opening shielding the ventilating space. Skeletons are formed in one piece and are made to fit each different size and type of roofing tile. The caps and the skeleton are ribbed for rigidity.

Abstract: A ventilated roof features an elongated vent having a vent opening and an elongated vent shingle supporting surface. The vent opening is in fluid communication with a slot defined by the top surface of a roof deck and communicating through the roof deck. An end cap has an end cap shingle supporting surface and is located adjacent to an end of the elongated vent. The vent and the end cap adjacent to the vent are supported in an equivalent spaced-apart relation to the top surface of the roof deck. The elongated vent shingle supporting surface, the end cap shingle supporting surface and the top surface of the roof deck provide a substantially continuous support to a shingle overlapping any two of those elements.