Abstract: Techniques for performing interference and power control in a wireless communication system are described. An asymmetric power control scheme adjusts the transmit power of a user equipment (UE) in an asymmetric manner, e.g., with different up and down step sizes. In one design, a parameter value may be determined based on received SINR of at least one Node B. Up and down steps may be determined based on the parameter value and may have different sizes. At least one overloading indicator from at least one neighbor Node B may be obtained. The transmit power of the UE may be adjusted based on the up and down steps and the at least one overloading indicator. For example, the transmit power may be increased by the up step if an overloading indicator from the strongest neighbor Node B is not received and may be decreased by the down step otherwise.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for monitoring the maximum distance between two objects, in particular between a child and its guardian, with the aid of two transceivers, the first of which periodically transmits status messages of a particular transmission power to the second, wherein an alarm is triggered in the second transceiver if the reception of the status messages decrease, and wherein a statement of the transmission power is concomitantly transmitted in each status message, are distinguished by the fact that the transmission power to be used for the next status message is determined by comparing the reception power with the transmission power stated in a status message and is transmitted back to the first transceiver in a confirmation message.

Abstract: A method of assessing the performance of a radio transmitting means of, or intended for use in, a user terminal of a mobile telecommunications network, the transmitting means having a plurality of correction factors that are adjustable for improving the performance of the transmitting means and whose values together define a point in a correction space, the method comprising allocating values to the factors to specify a point in the space, measuring the performance of the transmitting means to determine as an error distance the distance of said point from an optimum point in said space that gives best performance of the transmitting means in terms of said factors and using said distance in the identification of said optimum point. Corresponding program code and apparatus is also envisaged.

Abstract: In RF transceivers, a method and system for a second order input intercept point (IIP2) calibration scheme are provided. Transceiver calibration schemes to compensate for DC offsets produced by interfering signals may be performed during production testing or field operation. During production testing, an external source may inject a blocker signal that produces DC offsets in the receiver portion of the transceiver. A transceiver switch may be set to receive mode in this scheme. During field operation, a power amplifier in the transmitter portion of the transceiver may inject the blocker signal. In this scheme, the switch may be set to transmit mode and the DC offsets are produced by the portion of the injected blocker signal that leaks through the switch. In both schemes, a DC offset sensor detects DC offsets in the I/Q signal paths and may determine compensation currents which may be applied by injection circuits.

Abstract: An impedance control apparatus and method for portable mobile communication terminal is disclosed capable of accurately adjusting impedances relative to environment when the portable mobile communication terminal is being used, wherein an impedance of a first variable impedance matching part is varied to receive a reception impedance correction signal transmitted by a base station and to detect a reception strength, an impedance of the first variable impedance matching part is set by a impedance value of the largest reception strength out of the reception strengths, the portable mobile communication terminal varies the impedance of a second variable impedance matching part to transmit a transmission impedance correction signal to a base station and to allow the base station to detect the reception strength, and the impedance setting of the second variable impedance matching part is performed using the reception strength detected by the base station.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to an on-chip power amplifier (PA) test circuit. In one embodiment, a PA test circuit comprises a controllable oscillator (CO) configured to generate a radio frequency (RF) signal, a parallel resonant circuit tuned to the radio frequency, a pre-power amplifier (PPA) coupled to the CO and the parallel resonant circuit, the PPA configured to amplify and drive the RF signal from an output of the PPA into a load. The test circuit may further comprise a first transmission gate configured to couple the RF signal from the CO to an input of the PPA. One testing methodology for a PA test circuit comprises stressing the PPA with an RF signal, measuring a characteristic of the PPA, determining stress degradation from the characteristic measurements, and repeating the stressing and characteristic measurements until a maximum stress degradation is achieved or a maximum stress has been applied.

Abstract: A transmitter of a cognitive radio comprises a selector for selecting from a memory a channel which is determined free, for a power measurement. A power meter measures the received power from the selected channel. Detection selector compares the measured power and a power of the same channel saved in the memory and selects the channel for detection if the power in the channel is within a predetermined range from the power saved in the memory. A detector performs detection of the channel as a response to the selection for detection. A channel selector selects the channel for communication if the channel is detected unoccupied on the basis of detection. The transmitter communicates in the channel as a response to the selection for communication.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and controlling the power of a Radio Frequency (RF) signal in a short-range RF transmitter. An RF signal-generation unit generates the RF signal. A power amplifier amplifies the RF signal. An impedance-matching network matches the output impedance of the power amplifier to input impedance of an antenna. One or more RF power monitors monitor the voltage amplitude of the RF signal at the output of at least one of the RF signal-generation unit, the power amplifier and the impedance-matching network. The one or more RF power monitors further generate at least one alarm signal, based on the voltage amplitude of the RF signal. A control unit modifies at least one operating parameter of at least one of the RF signal-generation unit and the power amplifier, based on the at least one alarm signal generated by the one or more RF power monitors.

Abstract: A system and method for determining whether sampled spectrum data comes from a cordless phone is disclosed. The system includes a device to detect the sampled spectrum data and an algorithm to analyze the sampled spectrum data. The algorithm separates the narrowband components from the wideband components of the sampled spectrum data, then classifies the sampled spectrum data based on the bandwidth, frame length, and inter-frame time, as either being an analog or digital FM phone, a DSSS phone, a WDCT phone, or a non-cordless phone, such as a Bluetooth device. The algorithm may be used for interference mitigation.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining operating characteristics of radio-frequency (RF) transmitting devices while the devices are in normal operation transmitting over-the-air RF signals. The apparatus comprises at least one signal sensor for receiving the RF signals, each sensor responsive to the RF signals received at a plurality of antennas or received at a directional antenna, an analyzer for determining signal parameters of received RF signals and for determining operating characteristics of the transmitting devices from the signal parameters, wherein each RF signal includes an identifier of the transmitting device, the apparatus using the identifier to link operating characteristics determined from the RF signals to the transmitting device, and a graphical user interface for displaying the operating characteristics for each transmitting device.

Abstract: A real-time/non-real-time/RF IC includes first and second baseband processing modules, an RF section, a wireline interface, and a bus structure. The first baseband processing module converts real-time outbound data into real-time outbound symbols and converts real-time inbound symbols into real-time inbound data. The second baseband processing module converts non-real-time outbound data into non-real-time outbound symbols and converts non-real-time inbound symbols into non-real-time inbound data. The RF section converts the real-time outbound symbols into real-time outbound RF signals, converts real-time inbound RF signals into the real-time inbound symbols, converts the non-real-time outbound symbols into non-real-time outbound RF signals, and converts non-real-time inbound RF signals into the non-real-time symbols. The wireline interface couples the non-real-time outbound data, the non-real-time inbound data, the real-time outbound data, and/or the real-time inbound data to an off-chip wireline connection.

Abstract: Power measurements of a signal having a changing frequency are corrected by acquiring samples of the signal, matching the samples of the signal to a sequence of frequencies indexed to correction transforms, and applying the correction transforms to the samples of the signal. Additionally, an apparatus corrects power measurements of a signal having a changing frequency and includes an acquisition block for acquiring samples of the signal, a sequence controller for matching the samples of the signal to a sequence of frequencies indexed to correction transforms and a correction block for applying the correction transforms to the samples of the signal.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal includes a folder unit or a slider, where an input unit is located on or included on a surface of the folder unit or slider, and the input unit includes at least one function key that generates a scroll signal that is used to scroll through the content data stored in a memory.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit for measuring of an output power of a RF power amplifier. The electronic circuit comprises a current sensing transistor for sensing the RF current of the power amplifier and a voltage sensing module for sensing the voltage of the RF power amplifier. The electronic circuit further comprises a coherent detector for multiplying the sensed current and the sensed voltage in the time domain. In this way a signal is generated that is directly indicative of the power provided by the power amplifier irrespective of its actual load. Preferably, the coherent detector is implemented as a Gilbert quad and provides a differential output that effectively allows for DC offset compensation.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for improving the isolation characteristics of a combiner. In a system comprising a digital and analog radio signal combiner and a digital transmitter, an analog transmitter, an antenna, and a reject load coupled to the combiner, adjusting an impedance matching device coupled between the reject load and combiner so as to reduce the energy transmitted from the digital transmitter to the analog transmitter through the combiner.

Abstract: In a wireless mobile communications system, a method for processing paging information allows the operations of a mobile terminal to be simplified and permits efficient use of resources for the mobile terminal. The network instructs in advance, the transmission of control information, such as a particular paging message, a notification message, system information and the like, via a single indicator channel. The mobile terminal receives this single indicator channel and uses the indicator information that was transmitted via the indicator channel in order to receive the control information.

Abstract: The invention refers to a circuit and a method for detecting the impedance of a load, whereby the circuit and the method can be used by an impedance matching circuit. Impedance matching circuits need a complex algorithm to adjust the impedance accordingly. This algorithm renders the response time to be long. It has been found out that the complexity partially stems from the fact that the phase of the reflection coefficient is not known over the full range of 0° to 360°. A quadrature phase detector is used to provide the full phase information.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) front-end includes a power amplifier module and a power amplifier control module. The power amplifier module is coupled to amplify an outbound RF signal in accordance with a control signal to produce an amplified outbound RF signal. The power amplifier control module is coupled to generate the control signal based on at least one of forward power of the amplified outbound RF signal and reflected power of the amplified outbound RF signal.

Abstract: An approximation method for SNR soft information for a transmitter of a communications system includes obtaining a conditional probability density function (PDF) corresponding to a response message of a transmitted packet, obtaining a PDF of a probability distribution model, and a mean and a variance of the PDF, by approximating the conditional PDF corresponding to the response message with the probability distribution model, and calculating a second mean and a second variance of a second PDF approximated to a conditional PDF of SNR corresponding to the transmitted packet according to the mean and the variance of the PDF, and a first mean and a first variance of a first PDF approximated to a conditional PDF of SNR corresponding to another transmitted packet immediately preceding the transmitted packet.

Abstract: A system and method for wireless communication. The system can include a transmitter that transmits a data signal having a time period without data transmission. The system can also include a receiver including a first antenna, a second antenna, a switch that activates one of the first antenna and the second antenna, and a processor that estimates a first signal-to-noise ratio for the first antenna and a second signal-to-noise ratio for the second antenna during the time period without data transmission. The processor can control the switch to select one of the first antenna and the second antenna based on a comparison between the first signal-to-noise ratio and the second signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A system and method for enhanced use of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) tests of an avionic radio and antenna is disclosed. A signal processor/generator conducts a VSWR test of an antenna and archives the result within a database. Multiple tests are conducted spanning periods of operation of the radio. Tests may also be conducted at multiple frequencies, such as commonly used channels of communication. Results are uploaded to an external diagnostic device and analyzed to evaluate deterioration of the antenna. Analysis may including comparing test results to threshold values and analyzing test results for frequency and time dependent trends.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling transmission power of a mobile communication terminal. The apparatus comprises a central processing unit for measuring a power level of a received signal and determining a power amplification mode in response to the measured power level of the received signal and a power preset table, a driver amplifier for amplifying a transmission signal to produce an output signal, the driver amplifier has operating conditions chosen in accordance with the power amplification mode, a voltage converter for outputting a preset voltage value in accordance with the power amplification mode, and a power amplifier for amplifying the output signal of the driver amplifier in response to the outputted preset voltage value.

Abstract: A network troubleshooting framework is described. In an implementation, a method includes generating a first estimation of network performance by a simulator based on network settings obtained from a network, estimating the new performance under an alternative setting by providing the alternative setting to the network simulation and observing the simulation output, repeating the procedure for other alternative settings, and suggesting the alternative setting that improves network performance.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) using a beamforming in a multi-antenna system are provided. A transmitter for determining a CQI based at least partly upon the beamforming in the multi-antenna system includes a beam former for distinguishing frequency tone intervals having a constant channel across an entire frequency tone, forming a beam by multiplying frequency tones of the frequency tone interval having the constant channel by different beamforming weights, and transmitting a preamble signal. Hence, the users can be scheduled based at least partly upon the beamforming gain, and throughput can be enhanced through the practical MCS selection.

Abstract: A simplified field testing tool integrates signal-strength and error-rate testing for a variety of networking technologies prevalent for home networking, including but not limited to Multimedia over Coax (or applicable coax standard), HomePNA 2, VDSL, 100BaseT Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi, and analog/coaxial RF signals.

Abstract: A packet detector for a multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system includes a plurality of packet detection units each corresponding to a time frequency code for detecting packets according to a spreading sequence of the time frequency code, a comparison unit for comparing correlation values provided by division units of the plurality of packet detection units, and a packet decision module for determining a time frequency code and size of a fast Fourier transform sampling window according to output signals of the comparison unit, allowing a frequency band to be selected and synchronization to be executed.

Abstract: A wireless sensor system according to the invention has a wireless sensor device for detecting something and a wireless base station for exchanging data with the wireless sensor device by wireless. The wireless sensor device 2 has a sampling signal transmitting portion for transmitting a sampling signal, and the wireless base station has a sensitivity detecting portion for detecting a receive sensitivity of the sampling signal, and a sensitivity transmitting portion for transmitting a result detected thereby to the wireless sensor device. And, the wireless sensor device has at least one of a LED and a buzzer for informing of the receive sensitivity on the basis of data from the sensitivity transmitting portion. A worker who tries to locate the wireless sensor device can easily know the best place for location with the LED or the like.

Abstract: A system for controlling a power supplied to a load from a radio frequency amplifier system includes a radio frequency signal generator adapted for generating a radio frequency signal, an amplifier to which the radio frequency signal is supplied and that amplifies the radio frequency signal into a radio frequency power signal, a power coupler connected to the amplifying member for coupling the radio frequency power signals, where the power coupler includes a summing connection adapted for connection to the load and a compensating connection adapted for connection to a dissipative element. A first control value generating member is adapted for receiving a signal proportional to a power output from the power coupler at the summing connection and is adapted for generating a first control signal for controlling the amplifier or a current supply that supplies current to the amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for automatically installing and/or aligning antennas of wireless bridges in computer networks. In general terms, when a particular bridge is installed or aligned, an installation mode is triggered which automatically displays an indication of one or more signal strength levels of signals received into the particular bridge. In the automatic installation mode, the particular bridge automatically searches for a remote bridge with which it can associate. After a remote bridge is associated with the particular bridge, the signal strength received by the particular bridge from the found bridge is then displayed on one or more indicators, such as light emitting diodes. Thus, one can then adjust the antenna of the bridge until an optimum power level is achieved without using any specialized equipment, such as a voltmeter or laptop for interfacing with the bridge to obtain the signal strength indication.

Abstract: A distributed control system has a plurality of distributed field devices, each of which contains a transducer and a wireless transceiver. The distributed control system includes a base station transceiver, a database and a virtual transmitter application in communication with the database. Each field device transmits and receives data via wireless signals between the communications boards and the base station. The data is stored in the database for later retrieval and evaluation by the virtual transmitter application. The deployed field device senses information and transmits the sensed information wirelessly to a base station. The sensed information is stored in memory on a computer system, and programmatically groomed to provide a measurement value, upon request by a user.

Abstract: A meter enabled for wireless communication and a wireless communication network are disclosed. A meter enabled for wireless communication comprises a metering device, a wireless communication system and an interface between the two. Meter data can be read, and the meter can be controlled via communication with a wireless network using, e.g., the Bluetooth™ protocol A self-configuring wireless network is also disclosed. The wireless network includes a number of vnodes, and one or more VGATES. The vnodes are devices that are enabled for wireless communication using, e.g., the Bluetooth™ protocol. Vnodes are operative to form ad hoc piconet connections. The one or more VGATES comprise computer network gateways that are enabled for wireless communication using, e.g., the Bluetooth™ protocol. Thus, the VGATES enable the wireless array of vnodes to communicate with a private or public computer network to transmit data or receive commands. The network may also communicate with a VNOC system.

Abstract: A method for communicating with automatic meter reading (AMR) endpoints in adjacent cells, when the endpoints are arranged in a cell pattern similar to a cellular telephone system, is disclosed that substantially reduces the likelihood of signal interference. A Frame ID is identified as corresponding to a particular receive frequency that a system reader (receiver/collector) uses when listening for endpoint responses. In this example embodiment of the AMR network model, all endpoints in the network listen on the same control frequency to receive commands sent out from the readers. To allow for a relatively fast network read cycle, cells that are spaced far enough away from each other as to not interfere with each other are allowed to transmit at the same time. Cells with the same Frame ID are configured to be spaced a safe distance from each other so as not to interfere with each other's endpoint population.

Abstract: When a CQI that is based on CQI update cycle information and a CQI that is based on repetition count information have an overlapping transmission timing, CQI transmission timing controller 110 and CQI transmission timing priority determiner 120 transmit the CQI that is based on the CQI repetition count with priority. As a result, the receiving side is able to secure the combining count of the CQI and prevent deterioration in CQI error rate characteristics.

Abstract: A system and method for wireless communication. The system can include a transmitter that transmits a data signal having a time period without data transmission. The system can also include a receiver including a first antenna, a second antenna, a switch that activates one of the first antenna and the second antenna, and a processor that estimates a first signal-to-noise ratio for the first antenna and a second signal-to-noise ratio for the second antenna during the time period without data transmission. The processor can control the switch to select one of the first antenna and the second antenna based on a comparison between the first signal-to-noise ratio and the second signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A method for testing the installation of a box includes the steps of closing the lid of the box, transmitting a signal from the box; noting the absence of an annunciation; and variously repositioning the box relative to a receiver, replacing a battery, or replacing the box.

Abstract: A test procedure control unit outputs control information including time setting information along a procedure for carrying out a transition test of a connection state of a mobile communication terminal (UE) of a cellular system. A transmitting/receiving unit transmits test signals corresponding to cells toward the UE in accordance with the control information, and receives a response signal from the UE. A reception measurement unit measures a transition time of the connection state among the cells of the UE, in accordance with the response signal. A deciding unit receives a measured result of the transition time, and decides whether or not the connection state of the UE is transiting in accordance with the scheduled time-passage. The indicating unit causes the display unit to indicate, the decided result transition among the cells in accordance with the time-passage, so as to be visually recognizable on a single coordinate.

Abstract: In a communications receiver for quadrature demodulation, a feedback technique for reducing the image response of the receiver. The communications receiver includes an I demodulator and a Q demodulator. A local oscillator (LO) signal is provided by a PLL to a quadrature LO generator that provides an LO_I signal to an I demodulator and an LO_Q signal to a Q demodulator. The LO_I and LO_Q signals are amplitude and phase-controlled versions of the LO signal. An image/signal ratio (I/S) detector detects the relative phase difference and the relative amplitude difference between the respective output terminals of the I demodulator and the Q demodulator and applies an amplitude control signal and a phase control signal to corresponding amplitude control and phase control inputs of the quadrature LO generator. The I/S detector calibrates the quadrature LO generator during the interstitial interval between the reception of data packets.

Abstract: A wireless communication medium includes an antenna, an analog signal processor, a digital signal processor, and a central processing unit & logic module. The antenna transmits and receives a signal to and from an external apparatus. The analog signal processor converts an analog signal to a digital signal, and converts a digital signal to an analog signal. The digital signal processor demodulates the digital signal, detects the start and end of data, and generates a first control signal for determining whether data is transmitted to the external apparatus and a second control signal for perceiving the end of data, blocking the reception of data, modulating data, and determining whether modulated data is transmitted to the external apparatus. The central processing unit & logic module processes data received from and transmitted to the external apparatus. Accordingly, an efficiency of processing a RF signal can be improved.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for monitoring an antenna state of a mobile station. A resister may be provided between a battery voltage terminal and a power source voltage terminal of a power amplifier. A voltage level corresponding to a dropped amount of a voltage due to the resister may be generated and compared with a previously stored voltage level to determine whether current consumption of the power amplifier has been increased. If the increased amount of the current consumption of the power amplifier is large, the currently connected antenna may be determined to be in an abnormal state and a transmission path may be switched to another antenna. If two antennas provided in the mobile communication are in an electrically abnormal state, a baseband chip may inform a user of the abnormal state of the antenna. Accordingly, an output level degradation generated when the antenna is operated in an electrically abnormal state and shortening of the life span of a battery can be prevented.

Abstract: A portable telephone radio unit is disclosed which allows a user to recognize an incomplete state of data communication which occurs with a terminal equipment because of deterioration of the communication state by radio wave interference upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. A signal processing section performs information analysis of a signal selected by a control circuit section from among reception signals of an antenna whose levels are measured by a radio circuit section upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. The control circuit section detects loss of frame synchronization, deterioration in bit error rate, unfavorable reception of broadcast information or interruption of radio waves which is a condition of radio wave interference.

Abstract: The invention is based in particular on the following concept: to gradually increase the power (power ramping) that is used to send a preamble, said power being limited by at least one extreme value, in such a way that the transmission is repeated with a power that corresponds to the extreme value.

Abstract: A method for indicating performance enhancements in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a user in a wireless communication system begins with operating a radio link to the WTRU with a performance enhancement active. The operating results with the performance enhancement active are measured. The radio link to the WTRU is operated with the performance enhancement inactive and the operating results with the performance enhancement inactive are measured. The measurements with the performance enhancement active and the performance enhancement inactive are compared, and a display indicator on the WTRU is prepared and displayed, showing the performance difference of the WTRU when the performance enhancement is active and inactive.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatus for automatically installing and/or aligning antennas of wireless bridges in computer networks. In general terms, when a particular bridge is installed or aligned, an installation mode is triggered which automatically displays an indication of one or more signal strength levels of signals received into the particular bridge. In the automatic installation mode, the particular bridge automatically searches for a remote bridge with which it can associate. After a remote bridge is associated with the particular bridge, the signal strength received by the particular bridge from the found bridge is then displayed on one or more indicators, such as light emitting diodes. Thus, one can then adjust the antenna of the bridge until an optimum power level is achieved without using any specialized equipment, such as a voltmeter or laptop for interfacing with the bridge to obtain the signal strength indication.

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to provide an accurate measurement of RF signal power transfer between a power amplifier circuit and an antenna in the presence of supply voltage variations, temperature variations and VSWR mismatch. Knowing the VSWR mismatch enables modification of a control loop for the PA and thus allows for output power adjustment in order to make the PA more efficient and robust against VSWR changes. Having an indication of power delivered to the load and the VSWR is desirable for many wireless applications especially in those applications where the PA can generate emissions that are out of band and all emissions subject to industry standards. In particular, the embodiments of the invention are applicable to wireless LANs (WLANs).

Abstract: A radio communication system for communication between a first mobile system and a second mobile system. Each mobile system has a transceiver for receiving and emitting radio signal. The second mobile system comprises a received signal strength detecting device, a power controller and an indicating device. The received signal strength detecting device detects a received signal strength of the transceiver in the second mobile system. The power controller outputs a transmitted power strength status and controls transmitted power of the transceiver according to the received signal strength. The indicating device receives the transmitted power strength status and indicates a transmitted RF power strength status of the transceiver in the second mobile.

Abstract: A method for measuring a power level of a radio frequency signal in a radio frequency transmitter includes routing a portion of the radio frequency signal to a detector, detecting a signal envelope of the radio frequency signal with the detector, routing the detected signal to a digital signal processor, and talking at least one sample from the detected signal envelope using the digital signal processor and determining a detected power level of the radio frequency signal from the at least one sample, wherein the at least one sample lies in a portion of the detected signal envelope having a known non-random sequence.

Abstract: A test procedure control unit outputs control information for carrying out a transition test of a mobile communication terminal (UE) of a cellular system for a predetermined number of times. A transmitting/receiving unit transmits test signals corresponding to cells toward the UE, and receives a response signal from the UE. A reception measurement unit measures a transition time of the UE. A deciding unit whether a transition of the UE is a success or a failure within a predetermine time. A statistical processing unit classifies the measured results in the predetermined number of times into time zones, and carries out a totalization of the number of times of the measured results of the respective transition times corresponding to the respective time zones.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel and improved method for monitoring the real time loading condition in a CDMA wireless communication system. The level of the power control signal is obtained by monitoring, in real time, at the base station the forward link CDMA channel, comparing this measurement to the previously obtained level, and displaying the level of the power control signal as a line which can consist of two parts. The first part can be a solid line the length of which represents the level of the power control signal in real time and the second part can be a dotted line whose length increases slowly and decreases rapidly to indicate that the level of the power control signal is rising. Conversely, a rapid increase and a slow decrease of the length of the dotted line indicates that the level of the power control signal is falling. Color coding can be used to indicate that the level of the power control signal is at or outside an optimum operating range.

Abstract: A transceiver determines a modulation method to be used in a signal transmission based on an evaluated transmission channel condition and a difference between transmission powers of communicating transceivers. In this way, the transceiver can choose an optimal modulation method even in the communications between transceivers having different transmission powers. The transceiver comprises a transmission channel condition evaluator for evaluating a transmission channel condition based on a signal received from a counterpart transceiver; and a modulation method selector for determining a modulation method to be used in transmitting a signal to the counterpart transceiver based on the evaluated transmission channel condition and a difference between transmission power of the transceiver and that of the counterpart transceiver.

Abstract: A wireless communication medium includes an antenna, an analog signal processor, a digital signal processor, and a central processing unit & logic module. The antenna transmits and receives a signal to and from an external apparatus. The analog signal processor converts an analog signal to a digital signal, and converts a digital signal to an analog signal. The digital signal processor demodulates the digital signal, detects the start and end of data, and generates a first control signal for determining whether data is transmitted to the external apparatus and a second control signal for perceiving the end of data, blocking the reception of data, modulating data, and determining whether modulated data is transmitted to the external apparatus. The central processing unit & logic module processes data received from and transmitted to the external apparatus. Accordingly, an efficiency of processing a RF signal can be improved.