Abstract: To perform a first communication with a first base station through the first communication circuit by using a first frequency band, perform a second communication with a second base station through the second communication circuit by using a second frequency band, determine whether the first communication interferes with the second communication, and transmit, to the second base station for the second communication on the basis of the determination result, a request for using a third frequency band, which is different from the second frequency band in at least one from among bandwidth, center frequency, or sub-carrier spacing (SCS). Other various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for controlling controllable elements of an external component. The system uses a state translator subsystem (“STS”) which receives a state command from an external subsystem. The STS has at least one module for processing the state command and generating operational commands, in parallel, over a first plurality of channels, to control the elements of the external component. A programmable calibration command translation layer subsystem (“PCCTL”) uses the operational commands to generate granular level commands for controlling the elements, and to transmit the granular level commands over a second plurality of channels. A subsystem is coupled between the PCCTL and the elements, which receives the commands from the PCCTL and uses the commands to generate final output commands, which are applied in parallel, over a third plurality of channels, to the elements.

Abstract: A detection circuit for instantaneous voltage drop and an on-board diagnostic system. The detection circuit comprises two RC circuits, each of the RC circuits comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, and an energy storage capacitor; a first end of the first resistor is used for receiving a to-be-detected voltage, and a second end thereof is connected to a first end of the second resistor; the energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel with the second resistor; the first end of the second resistor forms an output end of the RC circuit, and the output end is connected to an input end of the comparator; an output end of the comparator is connected to the determination unit; in the two RC circuits, the resistance ratios of the second resistors to the first resistors are different, the capacitances of the energy storage capacitors are different.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for setting RF transmit power of a wireless device includes obtaining power response data for a power detector of the wireless device, the power response data providing a relationship between power detector readings from the power detector and measured transmit power of a transmitter of the wireless device; identifying a target power detector reading value corresponding to a target transmit power based at least in part on the power response data; initializing a transmitter gain of the transmitter to an initial transmitter gain value; obtaining a power detector reading value from the power detector; determining that a difference between the power detector reading value and the target power detector reading value is greater than a tolerance margin; and adjusting a transmitter gain value of the transmitter in a direction of the difference between the power detector reading value and the target power detector reading value.

Abstract: A smart speaker power controller may be configured to receive power conforming to one of a plurality of power modes from an input power source. The power controller may be further configured to communicate the power mode to at least one component of a processing system or at least one component of an audio system for operating the smart speaker according to the received power mode, including determining a current limit of a power converter; determining a shutdown voltage threshold and safely shutting down the smart speaker if the input voltage falls below the threshold, and/or modifying audio operation of the smart speaker in response to the power mode. The smart speaker can further include an audio power supply controller configured to monitor energy required to reproduce an audio signal and to servo a power supply voltage provided to an audio amplifier in response to this energy level.

Abstract: Ultra-Wideband (UWB) wireless technology transmits digital data as modulated coded impulses over a very wide frequency spectrum with very low power over a short distance. To support extended operation, particularly with battery power sources, the inventors have established UWB devices which support wake-up from deep sleep modes when these devices exploit low frequency clock sources for ultra-low power consumption. Further, power consumption may be reduced by exploiting transistors or so-called compounded MOSFET structures whose effective gain and output resistance exceeds any single transistor irrespective of length or by employing biasless low power differential (exponential) transconductance stages within operational transconductance amplifiers in order to provide very high gain low power amplification stages. Further, the inventors have established voltage reference sources that consume very low current, a few nA, and ultra-low power low dropout regulators.

Abstract: An assistance information reporting method and a terminal are provided. The method includes: reporting first assistance information to a network side device, where the first assistance information includes at least one of capability information, combination indication information of the capability information, power saving indication information, and transmit power profile indication information.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for configurable radio frequency (RF) exposure compliance based on region. An example method of wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) generally includes identifying a region in which the UE is located, selecting at least one of a mode or one or more parameters for RF exposure compliance based on the identified region, and transmitting a signal at a transmission power level based at least in part on the at least one of the selected mode or the selected one or more parameters.

Abstract: A high-frequency signal processing apparatus and a wireless communication apparatus can achieve a decrease in power consumption. For example, when an indicated power level to a high-frequency power amplifier is equal to or greater than a second reference value, envelope tracking is performed by causing a source voltage control circuit to control a high-speed DCDC converter using a detection result of an envelope detecting circuit and causing a bias control circuit to indicate a fixed bias value. The source voltage control circuit and the bias control circuit indicate a source voltage and a bias value decreasing in proportion to a decrease in the indicated power level when the indicated power level is in a range of the second reference value to the first reference value, and indicate a fixed source voltage and a fixed bias value when the indicated power level is less than the first reference value.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit comprises a first gain circuit path configured to provide a first signal gain to an input signal, a second gain circuit path configured to provide a second signal gain to an input signal, an auxiliary gain circuit path configured to provide an auxiliary signal gain to an auxiliary input signal, wherein the auxiliary signal gain is equal to the first signal gain minus the second signal gain, a summing circuit configured to sum the second gain signal path and the auxiliary signal path, and logic circuitry configured to change an output of the circuit between the first gain circuit path and the sum of the second gain signal path and the auxiliary signal path, and set the auxiliary input signal equal to the input signal before the changing.

Abstract: A wireless signal emitter of a tire pressure detector includes a controller, an antenna, and an impedance matching module. The impedance matching module includes an impedance matching circuit and an impedance adjusting circuit. The impedance matching circuit is electrically connected to the controller. The impedance adjusting circuit is electrically connected to the antenna and the impedance matching circuit. The impedance adjusting circuit includes a switching element electrically connected to the controller. When the switching element receives different signals of the controller, the impedance adjusting circuit switches between two different configurations, so that the impedance matching module has two different impedances, thereby the antenna sends two different radio frequency signals to achieve a purpose of a single tire pressure detector suitable for in-car receivers of different frequencies.

Abstract: A system configured to deliver wireless charging power to electronic devices can include a programmable radio-frequency generator capable of generating a beam of electromagnetic pulsed radiation and plurality of solid-state amplifiers to amplify the beam of electromagnetic pulsed radiation. The amplified beam of electromagnetic pulsed radiation can be configured to wirelessly charge electronic devices at distances greater than about 100 meters.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes a mounting substrate having a first main surface; a first power amplifier that is mounted on the first main surface and that amplifies a first transmission signal in a first frequency band; a second power amplifier that is mounted on the first main surface and that amplifies a second transmission signal in a second frequency band different from the first frequency band; a first output matching circuit that is mounted on the first main surface and that receives the first transmission signal amplified by the first power amplifier; and a second output matching circuit that is mounted on the first main surface and that receives the second transmission signal amplified by the second power amplifier. The first output matching circuit and the second output matching circuit are mounted along a second direction intersecting with the first direction.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for scaling transmission power across transmit chains for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions.

Abstract: Envelope tracking systems for power amplifiers are provided herein. In certain embodiments, an envelope tracker is provided for a power amplifier that amplifies an RF signal. The envelope tracker includes a multi-level switching circuit having an output that provides an output current that changes in relation to an envelope signal indicating an envelope of the RF signal when the envelope tracker is operating in an envelope tracking mode. The multi-level switching circuit includes a multi-level supply (MLS) modulator that receives multiple regulated voltages of different voltage levels, and an MLS control circuit that controls the selection of the MLS modulator over time based on the envelope signal. When transitioning the MLS modulator from selection of one regulated voltage level to another regulated voltage level, the MLS control circuit provides a soft transition to gradually switch the regulated voltage levels.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a connection to a wide area network for voice calls includes a wide area network circuit configured to transmit voice call data packets, a phone connection circuit configured to receive a voice call signal from a phone, a processor circuit configured to generate voice call data packets based on a voice call signal received by the phone connection circuit and a power management circuit configured to switch off at least a part of the apparatus to reach a power down mode of the apparatus, if a supply voltage drops below a supply voltage threshold.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications in millimeter wave (mmW) systems are described. A mmW wireless device may identify a plurality of subsets of antennas from available antennas. The wireless device may compare effective array gain values for each subset in the plurality of subsets of antennas. An effective array gain value may be determined based on a realized array gain for each subset normalized or penalized by a radio frequency (RF) power consumption for antennas corresponding to each subset in the plurality of subsets of antennas. Based on the comparison, the wireless device may select one or more subsets of the plurality of subsets of antennas, the selected one or more subsets may correspond to antenna combinations of one or more antenna subarray units. The mmW wireless device may then communicate using the selected one or more subsets.

Abstract: A wireless access node controls the transmit power of wireless User Equipment (UEs). The access node wirelessly receives uplink data from the wireless UEs over wireless uplinks and transfers the uplink data to a communication network. The access node determines individual uplink signal strengths, interference levels, and error rates for the wireless UEs. The access node determines individual power instructions for the wireless UEs based on their uplink signal strengths, interference levels, and error rates. The wireless access node wirelessly transfers the individual power instructions to the individual wireless UEs. The individual wireless UEs control their transmit power responsive to the individual power instructions.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for controlling total average transmission power of a radio base station. A method is performed by a control device. The method comprises performing control of total average transmission power (Ptot)(t) of the radio base station according to a back-off power control loop. In the back-off power control loop, a setpoint value (Ptot)ref of the total average transmission power is compared with a value of the total average transmission power (Ptot)(t)—The value of the total average transmission power (Ptot)(t) is computed over an averaging time T. Control parameters of the back-off power control loop are scaled proportionally to the inverse of the averaging time T. The control parameters pertain to a response time of the back-off power control loop.

Abstract: A wireless device receives configuration parameters of a primary timing advance group (TAG) and a secondary TAG comprising a first unlicensed secondary cell and a second unlicensed secondary cell. The wireless device selects both the first and second unlicensed secondary cells to jointly serve as pathloss reference cells, wherein the selecting is based on the first and second unlicensed secondary cells being activated unlicensed secondary cells and in a same secondary TAG. The wireless device transmits, via the second unlicensed secondary cell, a transport block with a transmission power, wherein a pathloss reference value of the transmission power is based on a joint measurement of a received signal power of the first unlicensed secondary cell and a received signal power of the second unlicensed secondary cell.

Abstract: A signal predistortion circuit configuration includes a digital predistortion circuit, a first transceiver, a first analog front-end (AFE) circuit, a second transceiver, and a second AFE circuit. The digital predistortion circuit outputs a first transmission signal according to first predistortion parameters and outputs a second transmission signal according to second predistortion parameters, and the digital predistortion circuit determines whether to adjust the first predistortion parameters according to a first reception signal and determines whether to adjust the second predistortion parameters according to a second reception signal. A transmitting circuit of the first transceiver, the first AFE circuit, and a receiving circuit of the second transceiver jointly generates the first reception signal according to the first transmission signal.

Abstract: A system may include a security controller communicatively coupled with pedestals having a first set of antennas and a second set of antennas spaced from the first set of antennas to form an interrogation zone. The security controller may be configured to alternate transmission and reception of interrogation signals between the first set of antennas and the second set of antennas. The security controller may be configured to determine whether a metal object is detected in the interrogation zone in response to the reception of the interrogation signals by the second set of antennas or by the first set of antennas. The security controller may be configured to generate and send an alarm signal in response to the metal object being detected in the interrogation zone.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. The method includes receiving, from a base station, control signaling identifying a measurement configuration for one or more non-linear estimation measurements of reference signals associated with a power amplifier configuration of the base station, receiving, from the base station, the reference signals on a set of resources identified by the measurement configuration, performing one or more non-linear estimation measurements associated with the power amplifier configuration of the base station based on the received reference signals, and transmitting, to the base station according to the measurement configuration, a measurement report based on the one or more non-linear estimation measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH). In an aspect, a device (e.g., UE, BS, etc.) transmits a time division duplex (TDD) resource configuration that includes an indication of a set of symbols associated with RF-EH. The devices transmit energy on resources associated with the first set of symbols. The UE performs dedicated RF-EH on resources associated with the first of symbols (e.g., to harvest the RF energy transmitted by the device).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. In some systems, a user equipment (UE) may perform a calibration to improve the accuracy, reliability, or both of signal transmissions. The UE may determine timing for the calibration procedure based on a received identifier for the UE (e.g., a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), such as a cell RNTI (C-RNTI)). For example, the UE may determine a calibration offset between a reference time and a calibration gap according to an equation using at least the identifier as input. During the calibration gap, the UE may transmit a calibration signal using one or more antenna ports and may calibrate (e.g., adjust power amplification for) the one or more antenna ports based on an estimated actual transmit power for the calibration signal (e.g., received by other antenna ports of the UE or received by another device).

Abstract: A notch circuit and a power amplifier module capable of reducing self-interference in a transceiver are provided. The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver, and the transmitter causes self-interference to the receiver. The transmitter includes a power amplifier module and the power amplifier module includes a notch circuit and a power amplifier. The notch circuit includes an inductor and a capacitor. The power amplifier amplifies an input transmission signal to generate an output transmission signal. The inductor receives a supply voltage. An amplitude of the supply voltage varies with the first input transmission signal. The capacitor is electrically connected to the inductor. The first output transmission signal (Tx_out1) is attenuated when a modulated frequency of the supply voltage is corresponding to a stopband.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a robotic cleaner may include a battery; a driving device for moving the robotic cleaner; a cleaning device for allowing the robotic cleaner to perform cleaning work; and a processor configured to determine, as a zone that can be cleaned, a first zone in the entire space by considering the residual capacity of the battery and the location of a charging device, operate the driving device and cleaning device to perform cleaning of the first zone, and perform control such that the robotic cleaner moves to the location of the charging device. Other embodiments are possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic device and, more particularly, to an electronic device and a method for transmitting and receiving signals.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detection of active return loss for an antenna element of a plurality of antenna elements of a phased array antenna are provided. An exemplary device can convert a voltage differential at an input of a power amplifier (PA) to first current. The device can convert a coupled voltage corresponding to a signal transmitted from the PA to a respective antenna element, to a second current. The device can convert a reflected voltage corresponding to a signal reflected from the respective antenna element, to a third current. The device can convert the first current, the second current, and the third current to an output voltage at a generator output. The device can further have a controller that can adaptively generate codebooks for transmission based on the output voltage.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) determines a transmission power for data transmission to a network. The UE determines a specific absorption rate (SAR) limit associated with the UE and determines a transmission power to be allocated to data transmissions based on one or more applications running on the UE and the SAR limit.

Abstract: The structure includes a first conductor that extends in a second direction; a second conductor, a third conductor, a fourth conductor, and a feeding line. The second conductor faces the first conductor in a first direction and extends along the second direction. The third conductor is configured to capacitively connect the first conductor and the second conductor. The fourth conductor is configured to be electrically connected to the first conductor and the second conductor and extends along a first plane. The feeding line is connected to the third conductor. The feeding line includes a first constituting part that extends along the first direction, and a second constituent part that extends along the second direction. The first constituting part is positioned on an inside of both ends of the fourth conductor in a third direction.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for coupling with an implantable neurostimulator for delivering one or more electrical pulses to a target region within a patient's body are disclosed herein. A device, such as a charger, can include: a power source for storing electrical energy; a resonant circuit that can have a plurality of selectable natural frequencies; a driver coupled to the power source and the resonant circuit; and a processor coupled to the resonant circuit to control the natural frequency of the resonant circuit. The processor can determine the natural frequency of the implantable neurostimulator, and can control the resonant circuit according to the determined natural frequency of the neurostimulator.

Abstract: Methods and systems are for managing congestion in a network of devices are disclosed. A method may comprise identifying one or more battery-operated devices. A signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for each battery-operated device may be determined. Based on the SNR and SIR of each battery-operated device, a battery loss using clear channel assessment (CCA) and a battery savings using CCA may be determined. A total battery savings may be compared to a total battery loss to determine that the total battery savings is greater than the total battery loss. Based on the determination that the total battery savings is greater than the total battery loss, a noise may be generated to block transmission from the one or more battery-operated devices.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for calibrating an envelope tracking (ET) lookup table (LUT) are provided. An ET power management apparatus includes a power amplifier configured to amplify a radio frequency (RF) signal from a time-variant input power to a time-variant output power linearly related to the time-variant input power. A calibration circuit is employed to receive a time-variant output power feedback nonlinearly related to the time-variant input power, determine a linear relationship between the time-variant input power and the time-variant output power based on the time-variant output power feedback, and calibrate the ET LUT based on the determined linear relationship. As a result, it is possible to improve accuracy of the ET LUT to thereby improve operating efficiency and linearity of the power amplifier.

Abstract: A method of a wireless transmitter is disclosed. The method is for mitigation of distortion caused by non-linear hardware components of the transmitter, wherein mitigation of distortion comprises mitigating at least one intermodulation component, wherein the transmitter is configured to process an input signal having an input signal spectrum, and wherein the transmitter comprises two or more signal branches, each signal branch comprising a respective non-linear hardware component. The method comprises modifying the input signal for a first one of the signal branches by applying a first phase shift to a first part of the input signal spectrum, wherein the first phase shift has a first sign and a first absolute value, and applying a second phase shift to a second part of the input signal spectrum. The second phase shift has a second sign which is opposite to the first sign, and a second absolute value which is equal to the first absolute value. The first and second parts are non-overlapping.

Abstract: A wideband envelope modulator comprises a direct current (DC)-to-DC switching converter connected in series with a linear amplitude modulator (LAM). The DC-DC switching converter includes a pulse-width modulator that generates a PWM signal with modulated pulse widths representing a time varying magnitude of an input envelope signal or a pulse-density modulator that generates a PDM signal with a modulated pulse density representing the time varying magnitude of the input envelope signal, a field-effect transistor (FET) driver stage that generates a differential PWM or PDM drive signal, a high-power output switching stage that is driven by the PWM or PDM drive signal, and an output energy storage network including a low-pass filter (LPF) of order greater than two that filters a switching voltage produced at an output switching node of the high-power output switching stage.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a first vehicle platform including a first computer configured to operate by means of electric power from a first electric power source and perform traveling control of a vehicle, a second vehicle platform including a second computer configured to operate by means of electric power from a second electric power source different from the first electric power source and perform traveling control of the vehicle, and an autonomous driving platform including a third computer configured to perform autonomous driving control of the vehicle by transmitting a control instruction including data for autonomously driving the vehicle to the first computer when the first vehicle platform is in a normal state and perform autonomous stoppage control of the vehicle by transmitting a control instruction including data for causing the vehicle to autonomously stop to the second computer when the first vehicle platform is in an abnormal state.

Abstract: A method for automatic power and modulation management in a communication network includes (1) generating a management function of (a) mutual information per symbol (MIPS) of the communication network and (b) output power (P) of a transmitter of the communication network, determining a selected MIPS value and a selected P value which achieve a maximum value of the management function, and causing the transmitter of the communication network to operate according to the selected MIPS value and the selected P value.

Abstract: A radio frequency module includes a first substrate having a first principal surface and a second principal surface on the opposite side to the first principal surface; a signal terminal which is provided on the first principal surface and through which a signal is transmitted to and received from an external circuit; a power supply terminal that is provided on the second principal surface and is supplied with a power supply signal; an antenna; and a radio frequency electronic component that is electrically connected to the signal terminal, the power supply terminal and the antenna, and controls transmission and reception of the antenna based on the signal and the power supply signal.

Abstract: According to some example embodiments, an apparatus includes a buck-boost converter, a first buck converter connected at an output terminal of the buck-boost converter, a second buck converter connected at the output terminal of the buck-boost converter, a first LA including a first supply voltage input connected to the output terminal of the buck-boost converter, and an output terminal connected to an output terminal of the first buck converter, where the first LA is configured to provide a first modulated supply voltage to a first PA of a first transmitter, and a second LA including a second supply voltage input connected to the output terminal of the buck-boost converter, and an output terminal connected to an output terminal of the second buck converter, where the second LA is configured to provide a second modulated supply voltage to a second PA of a second transmitter.

Abstract: A control system includes a plurality of driving circuits coupled in series, which includes a first driving circuit and a second driving circuit. The first driving circuit includes a first receiver, a first transmitter and a replica receiver. The first transmitter is coupled to the first receiver, and the replica receiver is coupled to an output terminal of the first transmitter. The second driving circuit, coupled to the first driving circuit, includes a second receiver and a second transmitter. The second receiver is coupled to the first transmitter, and the second transmitter is coupled to the second receiver.

Abstract: A current monitor circuit comprises a sense transistor disposed in a first voltage domain; a reference transistor disposed in a second voltage domain isolated from the first voltage domain; and sensing circuitry configured to determine if a current in the sense transistor is greater than or less than a specified current using a current in the reference transistor.

Abstract: A radio frequency module includes: a power amplifier; an inductor connected between the power amplifier and a power-supply terminal to supply a power-supply voltage to the power amplifier; a capacitor connected between a ground and a node that is located between the inductor and the power-supply terminal; a module substrate including a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to each other; and a plurality of post electrodes disposed on the second principal surface. Here, the inductor is disposed on the first principal surface or inside of the module substrate, and at least one of the power amplifier or the capacitor is disposed on the second principal surface.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes a module substrate; a power amplifier; a first switch connected to an input terminal of the power amplifier; a second switch connected to an output terminal of the power amplifier; and a switch control circuit that controls the first switch and the second switch. The first switch, the second switch, and the switch control circuit are included in a semiconductor IC being integrated into a single chip. The power amplifier and the semiconductor IC are mounted on or above the module substrate. When the module substrate is viewed in a plan view, in the semiconductor IC, the switch control circuit is disposed between the first switch and the second switch.

Abstract: A method for controlling a signal envelope shape of modulation pulses in a driver of a wireless transmitter includes supplying a first voltage to the driver during a non-modulated state, supplying a second voltage configurable by a configurable modulation index value to the driver during a modulated state, switching between the non-modulated state and the modulated state comprising setting the modulation index value to configure the second voltage level at the same level as the first voltage and then switching between supplying the first voltage to the driver and supplying the second voltage to the driver, and filtering to a limited bandwidth the variations of the second voltage resulting from configuring the modulation index value.

Abstract: A system for generating a self-receive signal includes: a signal generator; a first signal processor; a second signal processor; and an antenna. The system also includes a first passive coupling device: defining a first input port electromagnetically coupled to the signal generator; defining a first transmitted port; defining a first coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the first signal processor; and characterized by a first phase balance between the first transmitted port and the first coupled port. The system further includes a second passive coupling device: defining a second input port electromagnetically coupled to the antenna; defining a second transmitted port electromagnetically coupled to the first transmitted port; defining a second coupled port electromagnetically coupled to the second signal processor; and characterized by a second phase balance between the second transmitted port and the second coupled port substantially similar to the first phase balance.

Abstract: Technology for a repeater is disclosed. The repeater can include a first port, a second port, and a third port. The repeater can include a first amplification and filtering path communicatively coupled between the first port and the second port for a first frequency range. The repeater can include a second amplification and filtering path communicatively coupled between the first port and the third port for a second frequency range. The first frequency range can be spectrally adjacent to the second frequency range in a same signal direction, and a combination of the first frequency range and the second frequency range can have a fractional bandwidth that is greater than a defined fractional bandwidth threshold ratio for a selected filter type.

Abstract: An envelope tracking (ET) power amplifier apparatus is provided. The ET power amplifier apparatus includes a pair of power amplifiers configured to amplify a pair of radio frequency (RF) signals based on a pair of ET voltages. In one aspect, each of the RF signals is split before amplification and recombined after amplification. As such, the power amplifiers can operate based on half the peak power of the RF signals to help improve operating efficiency of the power amplifiers. In another aspect, the RF signals are pre-processed prior to amplification to form a pair of composite RF signals with similar average power such that the power amplifiers can operate based on substantially similar ET voltages. As a result, it may be possible to employ a single ET integrated circuit (ETIC) to provide the ET voltages, thus helping to reduce cost and footprint of the ET power amplifier apparatus.

Abstract: A wireless device receives configuration parameters of licensed primary cell(s) of a primary TAG; and a first and a second unlicensed secondary cells, of a secondary TAG. Both the first and second unlicensed secondary cells are selected to jointly serve as reference cells for pathloss measurement of the second unlicensed secondary cell. The selection is based on the first and second unlicensed secondary cells being activated unlicensed secondary cells; and in a same secondary TAG. A measurement is made of a pathloss reference value for the second unlicensed secondary cell based on: a received signal power of the first unlicensed secondary cell; and a received signal power of the second unlicensed secondary cell. A determination is made whether a channel associated with the second unlicensed secondary cell is clear. Uplink transport blocks with a transmission power calculated employing the pathloss reference value is transmitted via the second unlicensed secondary cell.

Abstract: A radio frequency module includes: a module board including a first principal surface and a second principal surface; a first power amplifier; a second power amplifier; a first output transformer connected to the first power amplifier; and a second output transformer connected to the second power amplifier. The first power amplifier and the second power amplifier are disposed on the first principal surface. The first output transformer and the second output transformer are disposed inside the module board or on the second principal surface.