Abstract: A payload (108) to be mounted onto a satellite (102) can include a first steerable antenna (302) providing a downlink to and an uplink from a first user terminal; a second steerable antenna (304) providing a downlink to and an uplink from a second user terminal; a switching network (306) coupling the first steerable antenna to the second steerable antenna; and a payload control unit (120) controlling the switching network to select one of the downlink to the first user terminal provided by the first steerable antenna and the downlink to the second user terminal provided by the second steerable antenna, and one of the uplink from the first user terminal provided by the first steerable antenna and the uplink from the second user terminal provided by the second steerable antenna.

Abstract: A system and method for harmonizing adaptive arrays for wireless communication systems. The system includes a basis beam that receives packet transmissions from stations. The system determines the angle of arrival of the packet transmissions and forms a select beam to cover at least one of the stations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for extending the coverage area and communication capacity of a spread-spectrum based wireless network through the use of intelligent repeaters. The system comprises a wireless communication network augmented with low cost channel selective repeaters that is capable of repeating only desired signals, thereby suppressing undesirable interference and increasing network capacity. The repeaters can be integrated into an existing wireless network with minimal impact to the existing network layer topology or control structure.

Abstract: A multi-mode foldable electronic apparatus and the method thereof are provided. The multi-mode foldable electronic apparatus includes a first housing, a second housing, a first hinge, a second hinge and a system. The first hinge and the second hinge are used for connecting the first housing and the second housing. A first magnet and a second magnet are disposed in the first housing, and magnetism changes when the first and the second magnet being moved. A first magnetism sensor disposed in the second housing is used for sensing the changes in magnetism of the first magnet and generates a first signal thereby. A second magnetism sensor disposed in the second housing is used for sensing the changes in magnetism of the second magnet to generate a second signal thereby. The system commands the apparatus in one of different modes in response to the first and the second signals being received.

Abstract: A radio communication system including multiple antenna elements divided into subgroups of at least two antenna elements, and multiple line cards operable to employ spatial processing techniques. Each line card is coupled to a subgroup such that the line card may transmit and receive signals using the subgroup. A base station for use in a radio communication system includes one or more line cards. Each line card includes an antenna interface used to couple the line card to a subgroup of multiple antenna elements, a radio frequency component coupled to the antenna interface, and a signal processing component coupled to the radio frequency component such that the line card is operable to transmit and receive radio frequency communications. A method for providing increased capacity in a radio communication system includes dividing an antenna array, creating N subgroups of antenna elements, and for each of the N subgroups of antenna elements, coupling a line card to the subgroup of antenna elements.

Abstract: A signal filtering system and method that may be used in conjunction with a repeater or an input stage of a base-station. The system may include an analog to digital converter adapted to sample a received signal and to produce a data stream corresponding to the received signal in the time domain, a filtering block having one or more digital filter elements, wherein each of said one or more filter elements is adapted to filter one or more sets of frequency bands associated with one or more communication channel, and a controller adapted to configure said one or more digital filter elements based on parameters stored on a database and/or based on parameters received via a modem.

Abstract: A distributor arranged between a tuner module and an antenna, the tuner module including a first input portion and a second input portion for inputting a satellite broadcast signal transmitted from an artificial satellite and a ground broadcast signal transmitted from a ground base station respectively, and the antenna receiving either one of the broadcast signals. The distributor includes a first connector portion connected to the antenna; a second connector portion connected to the first input portion; a third connector portion connected to the second input portion; and a junction connecting portion distributing the signal inputted to the first connector portion to the second and the third connector portions. A drive voltage of the antenna inputted from the first input portion is outputted to the antenna. The voltage outputted to the antenna is fed back to the second input portion through the junction connecting portion and the third connector portion.

Abstract: A base station and a method of configuring a base station are provided in a cellular telecommunication system, wherein the base station comprises an electrically tunable duplex filter with a tuning range covering at least two parallel sub-bands used in the telecommunication system. The electrically tunable duplex filter is tunable on site to a sub-band allocated to the base station, thus enabling an increased flexibility in selecting a fixed frequency band to be used in the lower frequency stages in the transceiver and the base band parts of the base station.

Abstract: A system for wireless communications includes a tower structure supporting at least one transmit antenna at an elevated position on the tower structure and base electronics positioned proximate a base of the tower structure. The base electronics are coupled with the transmit antenna and include an initial stage amplifier for amplifying an input signal to provide a low power transmission signal that is provided to the transmit antenna at the elevated position. A final stage amplifier is positioned proximate the transmit antenna. The final stage amplifier is a high efficiency amplifier for efficiently amplifying the low power transmission signal from the base electronics to provide a high power transmission signal to be transmitted from the transmit antenna.

Abstract: A radio-frequency (RF) repeater, including a first repeating section which is adapted to receive and amplify forward-signals from a first transceiver so as to generate amplified-forward-signals and to radiate the amplified-forward-signals to a second transceiver. The first section also receives and amplifies reverse-main-signals from the second transceiver so as to generate amplified-reverse-main-signals and transmits the amplified-reverse-main-signals to the first transceiver. The repeater includes a second repeating section which is adapted to receive and amplify reverse-diversity-signals from the second transceiver so as to generate amplified-reverse-diversity-signals and transmits the amplified-reverse-diversity-signals to the first transceiver.

Abstract: An electronic device able to detect a user in close proximity. The device may be a wireless data input device, for example, a radio frequency computer mouse. The device has power management features that do not require complex hardware or software to implement. For example, an antenna that is normally used for radio transmission is monitored. The power management features of the electronic device are able to detect a change in an operating characteristic of the antenna that is indicative of a user in close proximity thereto. For example, when the user touches a computer mouse, the resonant frequency of a circuit comprising the antenna changes due to capacitive loading of the antenna. The power management features cause the electronic device to be operated in a sleep mode or a radio transmission mode, depending on whether the user is detected.

Abstract: An antenna unit has a coaxial cable firmly connected and fixed to an antenna substrate by an easy soldering process and provides freedom in pattern formation and mounting of parts on the antenna substrate. The antenna unit includes an antenna substrate on which an antenna element and antenna circuit parts are mounted, and on which a power supply pattern or a ground pattern is formed. A shield case is attached to the antenna substrate so as to cover the mounted parts. A nearly C-shaped notch is formed on the main surface of the shield case opposed to the antenna substrate to form a tongue piece-shaped hold-solder part. A coaxial cable is connected to a connection part formed on the antenna substrate and led from a lead part formed on a side surface of the shield case.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmitting and receiving module having a support housing that has a hexagonal face member mounted to the support housing. This face member has an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals. Mounted within the support housing is circuitry for (a) conducting radio frequency signals to the antenna for transmission by the antenna, and (b) conducting radio frequency signals received by the antenna from the antenna for processing. Such a module, functioning as a hexagonal power unit core, can be fixed in a honeycomb cellular array employing “plug and play” assembly techniques.

Abstract: A low profile, vehicle mounted, in-motion tracking, satellite antenna includes a pair of antenna assemblies mounted in parallel on a rotatable platform. Each antenna assembly includes two subreflectors with a plastic matching element. The outputs of the two antenna assemblies are coupled with a single phase shifter. The combined outputs are retransmitted to a receiver inside the vehicle. The satellite antenna also includes a receiver for receiving channel selection data and/or for providing two-way communication with equipment inside the vehicle. The antennae, transmitter and receiver are self-powered by a storage device which is charged by a wind driven generator. A retractable radome lowers to a lower profile when the antenna is not in use.

Abstract: A wireless repeater and controller is placed between a light socket and a light bulb, such as in a ceiling light fixture. The wireless repeater and controller has an extending threaded portion that screws into the light socket, and a recessed threaded portion that receives a light bulb. When the light switch that would normally control the light bulb is on, power is provided to the wireless repeater and controller. When the power to the wireless repeater and controller is toggled on then off using the light switch, the wireless repeater and controller disconnects line power from the light bulb so the light switch can still be used to control the light bulb.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna array apparatus using a GPS signal in a base station and a beamforming method thereof. In the antenna array apparatus, a GPS signal processor receives GPS position information from a mobile station and calculates the position information of the mobile station. A signal processor calculates a weight vector using the position information to form a transmission/reception beam. A transmission/reception beamformer forms the transmission/reception beam according to the weight vector.

Abstract: A wide-band array antenna using a single real-valued multiplier for each antenna element is simple in construction and suitable for wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) mobile communication systems. A rectangular array antenna is formed by N×M antenna elements. Each antenna element has a frequency dependent gain which is the same for all elements. Each antenna element is connected to said single real-valued multiplier with a single real-valued coefficient, which is determined by properly selecting a number of points on a u-v plane defined for simplifying the design procedure according to the selected design algorithm.

Abstract: To realize high pressure-tightness and improvement in a high-frequency characteristic due to a low impedance between a shunt FET and a ground of a FET switch circuit. An antenna switch module comprising a switch circuit for switching between transmitting and receiving of a signal between an antenna and a transmitting portion and/or a receiving portion and having a shunt circuit, wherein a capacitor of the shunt circuit of the switch circuit is provided to a dielectric layered body, and remaining elements of the switch circuit are provided to semiconductor chips mounted on the dielectric layered body.

Abstract: A tuned antenna resonant circuit substantially increases the range of a passive transponder in a high-frequency electromagnetic carrier field, in that the real and imaginary parts of the impedance associated with the contact surface of the antenna contact are minimized and the energy absorbed from the carrier field by a serial resonant circuit is used to the greatest possible extent for generating the supply voltage for the integrated circuit of the transponder.

Abstract: A method of controlling an antenna signal combiner in a vehicle having multiple antenna elements, a navigational system and a receiver comprising the steps of receiving signals from at least one transmitter, determining first position coordinates of the vehicle using the navigational system, determining second position coordinates of the at least one transmitter, and combining signals from the multiple antenna elements to steer an antenna beam from the first position coordinates to the second position coordinates.

Abstract: A wide-band array antenna using a single real-valued multiplier for each antenna element is simple in construction and suitable for wide-band code division multiple access (WCDMA) mobile communication systems. A rectangular array antenna is formed by N×M antenna elements. Each antenna element has a frequency dependent gain which is the same for all elements. Each antenna element is connected to said single real-valued multiplier with a single real-valued coefficient, which is determined by properly selecting a number of points on a u-v plane defined for simplifying the design procedure according to the selected design algorithm.

Abstract: An antenna built-in type mobile phone includes a mobile phone main body; and a battery detachably installed in the mobile phone main body and having an antenna at a predetermined position thereof. The battery includes a battery cell in a predetermined form, an antenna provided at the upper and the side portions of the battery cell, and a battery pack for holding the battery cell and the antenna.

Abstract: Typically it is expensive to add cable within an existing multiple dwelling units (MDUs) such as blocks of flats to provide additional services such as broadband internet access, video on demand and video telephony. The present invention provides a broadband wireless access system especially suited to MDUs. A base station modulates radio frequency carrier signals with data to be transmitted in the system, and these signals are directed along a distribution network to a plurality of antennas which provide WLANs for subscriber equipment within the MDU.

Abstract: To provide an antenna unit in which a coaxial cable is firmly connected and fixed to an antenna substrate by an easy soldering process and freedom in pattern formation and mounting of parts on the antenna substrate is improved.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus, methods and computer program code for equalisation. A soft-in-soft-out (SISO) equaliser for use in a receiver for receiving data from a transmitter configured to transmit data from a plurality of transmit antennas simultaneously is described.

Abstract: In a low power satellite broadcasting system, recovery of weak received signals is facilitated by combining a highly efficient compression technique such as Advance Audio Coding (AAC) used in MPEG-4 with relatively low rate coding and error correction techniques such as Recursive Systematic Convolutional Turbo Coding with Forward Error Correction (FEC). These techniques are further combined with signal spreading techniques such as Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access (DSSS CDMA) or Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (COFDM) to spread the signal over a large frequency range for uplink, there permitting multiple users to share the same spectrum while avoiding interference with others, and also mitigating frequency selective fading and multipath.

Abstract: A synchronous demodulator (10) drives an output antenna (21) with a push-pull driver circuit (13). The push-pull driver circuit (13) includes two transistors connected in a push-pull configuration driving a center-tapped transformer (17). The transformer (17) couples the push-pull driver circuit (13) to an antenna (21). Received signals are demodulated in the output driver circuit (13).

Abstract: A repeater system for transmitting and receiving RF signals to and from an area obstructed by a mountain, a building, etc. One antenna is linked to the base station antenna of, for example, a cell in a cellular network, and another antenna is directed to the obstructed area. Signals are received by one antenna from the base station antenna and digitally separated into a number of different frequency channels. The separated channels are then transmitted by the other antenna into the obstructed area to mobile users. Also, signals from the mobile users are received by one of the antennas and similarly digitally separated into different frequency channels and transmitted to the base station antenna for delivery to a communication network.

Abstract: A distributed antenna for use in a digital mobile telephone system includes a set of coaxial cable to couple the RF signals to and from a base station in which at least one set of the transmitter and receiver is transmitting and receiving said RF signals, two mutually isolated amplifiers, two dividers, at least one combiner, and at least one built-in antenna to couple with a subscriber unit(s). A printed circuit board is provided to assemble said built-in antenna on one side of said printed circuit board, and to assemble other electronic circuits on another side of said printed circuit board, and said printed circuit board is housed a plastic case. Said distributed antenna provides a small sized and very cheap antenna solution to spread RF signals to serve a wider serving area.

Abstract: An indirect electrical coupling for a cellular telephone antenna is created by a rotary primary antenna and a stationary paging antenna when the primary antenna is extended into an operative position. When extended, the primary antenna is positioned proximate to the secondary antenna to define an electrical coupling therebetween. Rotating the primary antenna away from the extended position automatically disengages the primary antenna from the telephone operating circuit. The antenna elements or antenna spacings provide the appropriate matching circuitry and the advancement and retraction of the primary antenna provides the switching of the matching circuitry.

Abstract: A wireless telephone server system used for reproducing a wireless base station signal and introducing the reproduced signal in a new geographical area. The system reproduces or clones a full, high power operating cell site or cell unit of the same electromagnetic magnitude at a reduced cost. The wireless telephone system includes a parabolic collector operating in a frequency range of 140 Mhz to 2 Ghz and with a magnitude inner gain in a range of 14 to 21 dBw. A server antenna is connected to the parabolic collector using matching feedline jumpers to produce a resonant match. The server antenna is designed to provide a “under and over” null to the main lobe of the antenna at a minimum of 40 dBw. The system includes a plurality of duplexing devices with a bi-directional amplifier which allows 124 dBw of isolation between the parabolic collector and server antenna. Also, the system includes low-noise amplifiers that are adjustable from 1 to 12 dBw in system gain.

Abstract: A spacecraft cellular communication system (10) includes a spacecraft (12) with an antenna (12a) which produces multiple "spot" beams (20a, 20b, . . . ) for serving user terminals (16) lying in the footprints (20af, 20bf, . . . ) of the beams. The communication system is controlled by a network control center (NCC 18), which produces forward control signals (608, 611, 613). The forward control signals include high-margin (H) portions and lower-margin (LM) portions. In order to minimize the power required to transmit the forward control signals from the spacecraft, the number of forward control signal carriers is limited to one per antenna beam. In order to minimize the peak-to-average power requirement placed on the spacecraft power source (12s, 12pc), the high-margin portions (H) of the forward control signals of the various antenna beams are mutually offset in time or time-interleaved.

Abstract: A duplex RF repeater for use in a personal communications system distributes and enhances time division duplexed signals at a single RF carrier. The duplex RF repeater includes an up-link amplifier and a down-link amplifier which amplify the time division duplexed signals at the single RF carrier. The repeater also includes a down-stream antenna, which links the repeater with a subscriber, and a controller which decreases the gain of one of the up-link or the down-link amplifiers when an RF signal is present at the other of the up-link or the down-link amplifiers to prevent self-oscillation caused by over coupling between the two amplifiers.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus which is desiged for underground use in order to facilitate a two-way communication. The apparatus is operated within the frequency band 0.1-2 MHz, in order to make the electromagnetic waves propagate advantageously by utilizing the metal structures installed in the underground facilities and the bedrock itself. According to the invention, the transmitter/receiver unit is provided with an analog to digital converter (5) and respectively a digital to analog converter (20) in order to transmit the intermediate signal coded in digital form in between the two units of the apparatus.

Abstract: A transceiver for a cellular telephone, particularly a portable telephone, comprises a transmitter and a receiver coupled to a common antenna by an antenna duplex filter. The duplex filter comprises two passband filters connected respectively to the transmitter and the receiver. The receiver comprises a first amplifier. A notch filter tuned to the transmit frequency is connected to the output of the amplifier. The notch filter enables the filtering performance of the receive filter to be relaxed, and the location of the notch filter(s) at the output of amplifier means that the insertion loss is less critical. The requirement for lower filtering performance enables the duplex filter to be smaller and less costly.

Abstract: A communication system for use in an area having a human environment delimited from below by a floor and from above by an overhead environment substantially clear of human presence. The communication system includes a first information source operative to independently generate first information; a plurality of second information sources, each operative to independently generate second information; a plurality of controllers, each coupled to the first information source and arranged in the overhead environment, for producing a substantially downwardly directed communication beam at a prescribed carrier frequency, imparting the first information to the beam, receiving a reradiated version of the beam and detecting therefrom the second information, the controllers being arranged such that the beams substantially contiguously irradiate a region of said human environment; and a plurality of communicators, each coupled to one of the second information sources and arranged in the human environment.

Abstract: The relay base of the invention comprises a receive antenna connected to a receiver coupling member associated with receiver members connected to respective digital processing units. The digital processing units are connected to transmitter members via link lines each of which is associated with one of the digital processing units and all of the transmitted members via parallel connections, each transmitter member including a switching member causing one of the link lines to be put into communication with the associated transmitter member.

Abstract: A communication system includes a base station, called a "Controller" and one or more remote or satellite stations, each called a "Communicator". The controller arbitrates, controls and communicates with the communicators which are in range to receive its transmissions. The communicators receiving a particular controller's transmission form a network for that controller for the period in which reception occurs. The controller is the only generator of electromagnetic radiation which it modulates with information relating to its own identity, transactions it undertakes and information it transfers. Each communicator modulates and re-radiates the received transmission using back-scatter. Back-scatter re-radiation keeps the communicator design simple and allows for very sensitive receiver design in the controller. In operation, the controller initiates communication with each communicator by establishing, through a handshake exchange, the unique communications channel it will maintain with that communicator.

Abstract: A miniature microwave transmitter/receiver is small enough to be mounted in the feeder of a microwave antenna. The transmitter and receiver do not interfere with each other despite their close proximity resulting from their small size. The non-interfering results are achieved by frequency separating the bands used for transmission, reception, and the intermediate transmit and receive frequencies. Since none of these frequencies overlap, they do not interfere with each other, even if there is an insufficient isolation between systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is an in-band, non-sampling, real time VHF radio relay or signal epeater for use in two-way, multi-hop remote sensor data links. Each signal repeater comprises a transceiver which includes interference cancellation circuits for preventing the high level signal produced by the radio repeater's transmitter section from desensitizing the low noise RF amplifier circuitry incorporated in the front end of the radio repeater's receiver section. Such apparatus is utilized to implement a remote sensor data collection network consisting of a plurality of subject radio repeaters and several sensors normally arranged in groups. The data which flows over the relay network can either originate at the sensors and flow to a read out station or it may originate at the read out station and flow to the sensors. Sensor originated information may be either digital or analog, or both, while read-out station originated information is digital only. The relay operates with either analog or digitally-modulated signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to C-W radar responders, having a carrier of some gigahertz whose amplitude is modulated between some dozens and some hundreds of kilohertz. Such a responder comprises means for sampling the signal it receives in such a manner that the sampling theorem is satisfied with respect to the amplitude-modulation frequency. The responder comprises at least an aerial, a radio-frequency amplifier, a delay line, a clock generator, an input, an output and two switches connected to the input and to the output, respectively, of the amplifier. The operating sequence of the switches, controlled by the clock generator, is such that each sample of the received signal passes through the amplifier more than once before it is re-transmitted.

Abstract: A microwave duplexer apparatus utilizing a frequency selective limiter unit in conjunction with a microwave circulator to direct RF energy from a transmitter to an antenna and from an antenna to a receiver in a single antenna duplex communication system. giSTATMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTERESTThe invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty thereon.