Abstract: A device and method are provided for monitoring and analyzing received over-the-air energy. According to one aspect, a device and method are provided for performing spectrum analysis on the received energy, generating data for displaying one or more plots associated with the analyzed received energy; determining a type of one or more signals occurring from the received energy; and generating data for displaying on the same display screen as said one or more plots, a name for the one or more signals determined to be occurring. Thus, unlike traditional spectrum analyzer devices that show plots or waveforms, the method and device described herein shows plots or waveforms and on the same screen a list of the devices causing those plots or waveforms. In addition, a filter may be applied to the plots or traces whereby plots are displayed for a particular user-specified device determined to be occurring, or a user-specified type or class of devices determined to be occurring.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for displaying signal strength bars in a wireless terminal device. In the first step, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) values of the wireless terminal device consecutively collected for a predetermined time T are analyzed, and C/I (Carrier to Interference) ratios consecutively calculated for the predetermined time T are analyzed. In the second step, the number of signal strength bars to be displayed on the wireless terminal device is determined based on the analysis result of the first step. In the third step, the determined number of signal strength bars is displayed on the wireless terminal device. The signal strength bars are displayed in consideration of peripheral interferences around a wireless terminal device, and thus users can see the telephone communication quality or data transfer speed more accurately.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) is disclosed for testing a receiver (18). The apparatus (10) includes a digitally controlled attenuator (30) and controls, including a programmable logic device (38), to control both the final value of attenuation and the rate of change of attenuation from the initial attenuation value in the attenuator (30) to the final value of attenuation. Both the final value of attenuation and the rate of change of attenuation can be selected by the operator on the control panel (20) with attenuation select switches (22) and rate select switch (26). Alternatively, the attenuation can be input with an attenuation control knob (28). A digital display (24) displays the attenuation. The apparatus (10) can be remotely controlled with a GPIB control.

Abstract: A demodulator demodulates a received signal. A decoder performs inverse-spread spectrum processing on a demodulated signal. The decoder calculates a CIR value and outputs it to a CPU and a predictor. The predictor derives a next CIR value of the next reception time slot from the CIR value. The next CIR value is converted into a DRC with using a CIR-DRC conversion table. The CPU processes reception data internally or supplies those data to an externally connected PC via an external IF unit. The CPU determines, on the basis of the CIR value, a communication quality index of which to inform a user, and causes a display unit to display the index by an antenna mark. The index is supplied to the external PC via the external IF unit. Therefore, the user can recognize the communication quality by referencing to the index which indicates variation of the radio environment.

Abstract: A wireless device determines signal quality for a wireless signal according to both the received signal strength of the received wireless signal and the signal to interference ratio of the received wireless signal. The wireless device provides a signal quality indication corresponding to the determined signal quality to a user of the wireless device, e.g., on a display of the wireless device.

Abstract: Systems and techniques for digital processing of FM stereo signals are described. A carrier signal such as a 38 kHz carrier may be recovered and used to process a difference signal such as a left minus right signal. The left minus right signal and a left plus right signal may be used to generate separate left plus right signals.

Abstract: In the diversity receiver, the RF switcher switches the received signals to supply them to the RSSI power detector equipped with diversity function. Subsequently, the RSSI power detector with diversity function feeds the RF switcher with an antenna switching signal. According to the determination of antennas at this instance, an IQ start-up signal for starting up the I/Q subsection is produced to make the I/Q subsection operate assuredly in response to a signal intended to receive, without operating the I/Q subsection in response to an erroneous detection of noise during processing therein, thereby eliminating useless operation.

Abstract: A system and method of validating signals and detecting signal leakage in a cable communications includes the steps of a) tuning a radio frequency receiver to a carrier frequency of a selected RF channel, b) measuring a signal level of the carrier frequency, c) off-tuning the receiver by a predetermined offset, d) measuring a signal level of the off-tuned carrier frequency, e) obtaining a signal level difference between the signal level of the carrier frequency and the signal level of the off-tuned carrier frequency to determine if interference exists, f) declaring an interference condition if the signal level difference is less than a predetermined difference amount, and g) providing an indication of the signal level of the carrier frequency to permit a determination of whether a signal leakage condition exists.

Abstract: A method for communicating with automatic meter reading (AMR) endpoints in adjacent cells, when the endpoints are arranged in a cell pattern similar to a cellular telephone system, is disclosed that substantially reduces the likelihood of signal interference. A Frame ID is identified as corresponding to a particular receive frequency that a system reader (receiver/collector) uses when listening for endpoint responses. In this example embodiment of the AMR network model, all endpoints in the network listen on the same control frequency to receive commands sent out from the readers. To allow for a relatively fast network read cycle, cells that are spaced far enough away from each other as to not interfere with each other are allowed to transmit at the same time. Cells with the same Frame ID are configured to be spaced a safe distance from each other so as not to interfere with each other's endpoint population.

Abstract: A method for reducing a delay in a wireless communications system resulting from a handoff while mitigating a risk of premature termination of wireless communications, the method includes comparing data indicative of actual use of the wireless communications systems to at least one predetermined criteria. If the comparing determines a sector pairing in the wireless communications system to be statistically significant for purposes of recommending at least one search window setting, at least one value related with a distance associated with the sector pairing may be used to automatically determine a corresponding signal delay. If the corresponding signal delay exceeds a prior determined signal delay, a recommended search window setting may be determined using the corresponding signal delay.

Abstract: A function of displaying a clock visually varying according to state information which can be provided by a mobile communication terminal is implemented. In particular, an analog clock designed to move three-dimensionally, which is formed by adding a graphical factor to state information, such as remaining power of battery and reception sensitivity, of a mobile communication terminal, is displayed. Accordingly, since an analog clock on which specific state information is reflected can be displayed, various personalities of users can be reflected with simultaneously increasing visibility in information delivery.

Abstract: An activity display for multiple data channels over a period of time for a communication link provides a quasi-three-dimensional presentation having time periods and data channels as orthogonal axes and shading within each time period/data channel rectangle representing ones density for the channel during that time period. One or more frames of the communication link corresponding to one time period are captured, and then each frame is processed in sequence one data channel at a time to build up a line of the display for the time period. Over multiple time periods the display is built up line by line, with the oldest line being dropped as a new line is added when the maximum number of lines for the display is achieved. In this way an operator has a high level all-in-one glance at the operation of the communication link.

Abstract: A phase detection apparatus and method, a PLL circuit and a control method thereof, and a signal reproducing apparatus and method which can provide anti-noise and anti-ISI characteristics while reducing the scale of hardware used in an optical disc reproducing system having high-ISI conditions include a pulse forming unit to detect binary data of an input signal, an ideal input signal generating unit to generate an ideal input signal based on the detected binary data, and a phase error signal generating unit to generate a phase error signal based on the input signal and the ideal input signal.

Abstract: An entire radio transceiver can be completely integrated into one IC chip. In order to integrate the IF filters on the chip, a heterodyne architecture with a low IF is used. A single, directly modulated VCO is used for both up-conversion during transmission, and down-conversion during reception. Bond-wires are used as resonators in the oscillator tank for the VCO. A TDD scheme is used in the air interface to eliminate cross-talk or leakage. A Gaussian-shaped binary FSK modulation scheme is used to provide a number of other implementation advantages.

Abstract: A receiver for eliminating D.C. noise from a signal received from a communication channel includes an input circuit configured to receive an input signal. The receiver includes an error circuit configured to generate an error signal in accordance with the input signal from the input circuit. The receiver includes a first noise canceler responsive to the error circuit. The first noise canceler is configured to generate a first noise cancellation signal in response to the error signal from the error circuit. The receiver includes a second noise canceler responsive to the error circuit and the first noise canceler. The second noise canceler is configured to generate a second noise cancellation signal from the error signal from the error circuit and the first noise cancellation signal from the first noise canceler. The input circuit is responsive to the second noise cancellation signal from the second noise canceler.

Abstract: An on-chip receiver sensitivity test mechanism for use in an integrated RF transmitter wherein the transmitter and the receiver share the same oscillator. The mechanism obviates the need to use expensive RF signal generator test equipment with built-in modulation capability and instead permits the use of very low cost external RF test equipment. The invention utilizes circuitry already existing in the transceiver, namely the modulation circuitry and local oscillator, to perform sensitivity testing. The on-chip LO is used to generate the modulated test signal that otherwise would need to be provided by expensive external RF test equipment with modulation capability. The modulated LO signal is mixed with an externally generated unmodulated CW RF signal to generate a modulated signal at IF which is subsequently processed by the remainder of the receiver chain. The recovered data bits are compared using an on-chip BER meter or counter and a BER reading is generated.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, location information of own apparatus of a personal computer, location information of a serer capable of making communications with the personal computer, and bearing information are received, a direction of the own apparatus to the server is discriminated by using the received location information of own apparatus, location information of the serer, and bearing information, and the discriminated direction is displayed if sensitivity of a radio wave received by a 3G communication unit is the sensitivity which allows the own apparatus to make communications with the server.

Abstract: A mobile station includes a degradation detecting section for detecting a degraded communication quality, an electric field measurement section for measuring an intensity of an electric field, and a display unit for representing a field level among a plurality of field levels. The display unit represents, upon generation of the degraded communication quality, a fixed field level instead of the field level corresponding to the intensity of the electric field measured by the electric field measurement section.

Abstract: A frequency modulating device includes a frequency generator for generating a frequency-modulated, first carrier and an input terminal to which a non-modulated second carrier is input. An amplifier amplifies the second carrier. A frequency converter receives the first and second carriers for producing an intermediate frequency signal and feeds the intermediate frequency signal to an output terminal. A band-pass filter limits the frequency band of the intermediate frequency signal to output a band-limited signal. A calculator calculates the spectrum distribution of the band-limited signal. The frequency generator, input terminal, amplifier, frequency converter and output terminal are included in a semiconductor device constructed on a semiconductor wafer in the form of integrated circuit.

Abstract: System and method for elimination of close-in interferers through feedback. A preferred embodiment comprises an interferer predictor (for example, interferer predictor 840) coupled to a digital output of a direct RF radio receiver (for example, radio receiver 800). The interferer predictor predicts the presence of interferers and feeds the information back to a sampling unit (for example, sampling unit 805) through a feedback circuit (for example, feedback unit 845) through the use of charge sharing. The interferers are then eliminated in the sampling unit. Additionally, the number and placement of zeroes in a filter in the sampling unit is increased and changed through the implementation of arbitrary-coefficient finite impulse response filters.

Abstract: A test procedure control unit outputs control information including time setting information along a procedure for carrying out a transition test of a connection state of a mobile communication terminal (UE) of a cellular system. A transmitting/receiving unit transmits test signals corresponding to cells toward the UE in accordance with the control information, and receives a response signal from the UE. A reception measurement unit measures a transition time of the connection state among the cells of the UE, in accordance with the response signal. A deciding unit receives a measured result of the transition time, and decides whether or not the connection state of the UE is transiting in accordance with the scheduled time-passage. The indicating unit causes the display unit to indicate, the decided result transition among the cells in accordance with the time-passage, so as to be visually recognizable on a single coordinate.

Abstract: A system for selectively illuminates a light source that illuminates a power indicator of a video apparatus when the indicator distracts a viewer. The power button illumination is selectively set to be extinguished or illuminated when the video apparatus is powered on by means of an on-screen menu as an example. Extinguishing the power button light source does not affect the ability of the indicator to become illuminated to provide information to a viewer regarding the operating status of the video apparatus such as when a TV projection lamp has failed.

Abstract: A signal strength indicator circuit including a set of rectifiers. The set of rectifiers include an asymmetric switching pair of rectifiers that may be configured to provide an output signal that is inversely proportional to an input signal obtained from a device in a telecommunications system. The pair may be connected directly on one side thereof to a power supply and may be connected on another side thereof to the power supply through a resistor. Also, a method of processing a signal received by a signal strength indicator circuit.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus of a mobile communication terminal using electrostatic detection includes an electrostatic detector for sensing an instantaneous voltage generated at higher than a reference level and applying it to a controller in order to recognize occurrence of a malfunction due to static electricity. Static electricity generated while a mobile terminal is in use is sensed by the controller to remove a no-sensing phenomenon of the display unit. Thus, a reliability of the mobile terminal can be enhanced and the user's convenience can be increased.

Abstract: A wireless communication medium includes an antenna, an analog signal processor, a digital signal processor, and a central processing unit & logic module. The antenna transmits and receives a signal to and from an external apparatus. The analog signal processor converts an analog signal to a digital signal, and converts a digital signal to an analog signal. The digital signal processor demodulates the digital signal, detects the start and end of data, and generates a first control signal for determining whether data is transmitted to the external apparatus and a second control signal for perceiving the end of data, blocking the reception of data, modulating data, and determining whether modulated data is transmitted to the external apparatus. The central processing unit & logic module processes data received from and transmitted to the external apparatus. Accordingly, an efficiency of processing a RF signal can be improved.

Abstract: A method for estimating quality of communications between a transmitter and a receiver over a communications link operable to carry data in at least one of a plurality of different compressed forms, the method comprising: detecting an error rate of the communications as received; receiving at a quality estimation unit an indication of the detected error rate and an indication of the at least one of the plurality of compressed forms in use over the link; and the quality estimation unit estimating the quality of the communications by means of both the indication of the detected error rate and the indication of the at least one of the plurality of compressed forms.

Abstract: An AM receiver circuit comprises an IF intensity detection section which detects intensity of a carrier wave of an IF signal and outputs an IF signal carrier wave intensity signal in accordance with the detected intensity. The IF intensity detection section extracts the carrier wave frequency component of the IF signal using a BPF, and converts the extracted intensity of the IF signal carrier wave intensity into a direct current signal using an integrator, to thereby obtain the IF signal carrier wave intensity signal. A sound compensation section, which serves to compensate sound quality of an audio signal output from an AM detection section, performs sound quality compensation based on the IF signal carrier wave intensity signal when the received field intensity is low. In this manner, appropriate sound quality compensation can be performed even when the received broadcast wave field intensity is low.

Abstract: A portable telephone radio unit is disclosed which allows a user to recognize an incomplete state of data communication which occurs with a terminal equipment because of deterioration of the communication state by radio wave interference upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. A signal processing section performs information analysis of a signal selected by a control circuit section from among reception signals of an antenna whose levels are measured by a radio circuit section upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. The control circuit section detects loss of frame synchronization, deterioration in bit error rate, unfavorable reception of broadcast information or interruption of radio waves which is a condition of radio wave interference.

Abstract: In a radio communication system, during radio connection between a base station 100 and a terminal 200, the base station 100 transmits a reception status notification request to the terminal 200. The terminal 200 receives the reception status notification request from the base station 100, then measures reception electric field intensity and error rate in the communication with the base station 100 and transmits these values as reception status information to the base station 100. The base station 100 stores the reception status information notified from the terminal 200, with linkage to a terminal number. When call origination to all the terminals has been completed, the base station 100 displays all the reception status information stored in a storage device 104, with linkage with terminal numbers, on an external display device.

Abstract: A signal strength indicator circuit that includes a first amplifier configured to receive a first input signal from a first mixer and a second input signal from a second mixer;. The circuit also includes a second amplifier configured to receive a first set of differential inputs from the first amplifier. The circuit further includes a third amplifier configured to receive a second set of differential inputs from the second amplifier stage. Even further, the circuit includes an output port for emitting an output signal that is a rectified combination of the first input signal and the second input signal. Also, a method of processing signals input into a signal strength indicator circuit.

Abstract: A method for indicating performance enhancements in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a user in a wireless communication system begins with operating a radio link to the WTRU with a performance enhancement active. The operating results with the performance enhancement active are measured. The radio link to the WTRU is operated with the performance enhancement inactive and the operating results with the performance enhancement inactive are measured. The measurements with the performance enhancement active and the performance enhancement inactive are compared, and a display indicator on the WTRU is prepared and displayed, showing the performance difference of the WTRU when the performance enhancement is active and inactive.

Abstract: A radio wave detection device including an electric wave receiving/amplifying circuit, a rectifying circuit, a peak-to-peak amplifier, a central processor, a power supply, a reference resistance circuit and a sound/light output unit. The electric wave receiving/amplifying circuit includes an antenna for receiving radio signal in the environment. The radio wave with a specific frequency filters through a wave filter and then is amplified. The rectifying circuit converts the radio signal into analog level voltage which is output to the central processor and peak-to-peak amplifier. In a preset condition, the peak-to-peak amplifier converts the level voltage into a controlling signal which is output to the central processor. The central processor also receives various comparison level voltages generated by the reference resistance circuit and compares the reference level voltage with the level voltage (and the controlling signal).

Abstract: An entire radio transceiver can be completely integrated into one IC chip. In order to integrate the IF filters on the chip, a heterodyne architecture with a low IF is used. A single, directly modulated VCO is used for both up-conversion during transmission, and down-conversion during reception. Bond-wires are used as resonators in the oscillator tank for the VCO. A TDD scheme is used in the air interface to eliminate cross-talk or leakage. A Gaussian-shaped binary FSK modulation scheme is used to provide a number of other implementation advantages.

Abstract: A method for estimating wireless broadcast service quality on a broadcast channel including the steps of: receiving (310) a service parameter message with a service identifier associated with a broadcast channel, determining (320) a quality indicator threshold from the service parameter message, measuring (340) a quality indicator to form a calculated (350) quality indicator, comparing (360, 370) the calculated quality indicator to the quality indicator threshold. The quality indicator threshold can be embedded in the service parameter message or obtained indirectly such as through a table mapping a service identifier to a quality indicator. Various quality indicators are available, including various signal-to-noise ratios (e.g., Eb/Nt) and pilot signal-to-noise ratio (C/IPICH).

Abstract: A method for measuring a power level of a radio frequency signal in a radio frequency transmitter includes routing a portion of the radio frequency signal to a detector, detecting a signal envelope of the radio frequency signal with the detector, routing the detected signal to a digital signal processor, and talking at least one sample from the detected signal envelope using the digital signal processor and determining a detected power level of the radio frequency signal from the at least one sample, wherein the at least one sample lies in a portion of the detected signal envelope having a known non-random sequence.

Abstract: A communication system (10) for providing call quality indication includes a plurality of communication devices (75) and a system controller (40). The plurality of communication devices (75) includes a first communication device (62) for communicating using a first radio frequency channel having a first radio frequency channel quality, and a second communication device (62) for communicating using a second radio frequency channel having a second radio frequency channel quality. The system controller (40) communicates the first radio frequency channel quality and the second radio frequency-channel quality to the first communication device (62) and the second communication device (64).

Abstract: Techniques for measuring signal quality in a communications link supporting OFDM symbol transfer across plural sub-carriers are disclosed. These techniques employ a link interface receiving OFDM symbol(s) from the link, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation unit generating an estimate of a geometric SNR (SNRgeo) for the received symbols based on an average of the logrithmic difference between soft decision and hard decisions for the received symbol. SNRgeo here defines a scalar measure of the link signal quality, which results in a computationally efficient yet accurate link signal quality assessment, and thereby permit selective link characteristic alteration. Only sub-carrier subsets need be used to derive a relatively an accurate SNRgeo estimate. Sharing calculation resources between SNR estimation and soft decision units further reduce implementation complexity.

Abstract: A test procedure control unit outputs control information for carrying out a transition test of a mobile communication terminal (UE) of a cellular system for a predetermined number of times. A transmitting/receiving unit transmits test signals corresponding to cells toward the UE, and receives a response signal from the UE. A reception measurement unit measures a transition time of the UE. A deciding unit whether a transition of the UE is a success or a failure within a predetermine time. A statistical processing unit classifies the measured results in the predetermined number of times into time zones, and carries out a totalization of the number of times of the measured results of the respective transition times corresponding to the respective time zones.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and a method for determining the frequency of a radio frequency signal. The coherency of a received signal is determined and only the frequency of a coherent signal is determined. Zero amplitude transitions of coherent signals are counted in respective time periods. If the counts in each time period agree within a quantization error, the accumulated counts for a fixed time period are employed to determine a frequency. The frequency determining apparatus and method are particularly useful with a frequency agile radio receiver for detecting the presence of radio frequency signals from nearby mobile and stationary transmitters. Upon determination of the frequency of the nearby transmitter, the channel of transmission can be determined from a memory within the receiver and the receiver can be tuned to monitor the transmission. Additional tests to verify the frequency determination may be applied using squelch and window detector circuits of the radio receiver.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and device for determining the sideband ratio of a superconducting mixer using a comb generator. The method includes the steps of: (a) tentatively adjusting the sideband ratio of a mixer for calibration of an output of the comb generator; (b) determining the signal intensity of a pseudo-celestial signal oscillator for calibration of the output of the comb generator; (c) repeating the steps (a) and (b) to derive the relation between the sideband radio of the mixer for the comb-generator output calibration and the intensity of a pseudo-celestial signal; (d) calibrating the output of the comb generator; and (e) obtaining the sideband ratio of the mixer to be measured.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for implementing a heuristic user interface for a mobile device that assists a user with the management and utilization of contact identifiers (e.g. phone numbers, facsimile numbers, email addresses and uniform resource identifiers (URIs)). Content stored on or being processed by a mobile device is analyzed for the presence of predetermined classes of contact identifiers. When a contact identifier belonging to one of the predetermined classes is encountered, it is presented to the user of the mobile device on the display screen and the user interface of the mobile device is provisioned (e.g., softkey assignments and screen displays) for the particular class of contact identifier encountered. The encountered contact identifiers may be used as direct contact identifiers or indirect contact identifiers. Direct contact identifiers are used to initialize the appropriate application for the class of identifier encountered (e.g.

Abstract: A display terminal and display method for a radio LAN system for receiving image data from an apparatus by radio communication and displaying an image based on the received image data on a display are disclosed. The terminal includes a bit error calculator for calculating a bit error rate per unit time of digital data received from the apparatus and a movement determination section for determining from a pattern of variation of the calculated bit error rate whether or not said display terminal is moving. Also provided is a reception quality display controller for displaying a quality level of the received data at the display terminal on the display section when it is determined that the display terminal is moving.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel and improved method for monitoring the real time loading condition in a CDMA wireless communication system. The level of the power control signal is obtained by monitoring, in real time, at the base station the forward link CDMA channel, comparing this measurement to the previously obtained level, and displaying the level of the power control signal as a line which can consist of two parts. The first part can be a solid line the length of which represents the level of the power control signal in real time and the second part can be a dotted line whose length increases slowly and decreases rapidly to indicate that the level of the power control signal is rising. Conversely, a rapid increase and a slow decrease of the length of the dotted line indicates that the level of the power control signal is falling. Color coding can be used to indicate that the level of the power control signal is at or outside an optimum operating range.

Abstract: A method for frequency calibration of attesting apparatus for testing or mobile terminals, such as mobile or cellular telephones, provided for operation in a mobile communication net includes testing apparatus that listens to an established communication based on a data communication between the mobile terminal and the mobile telecommunication net. Information signals underlying the communication are at least partially sampled and evaluated by the testing device. Based on this evaluation, a reference frequency unit incorporated in the testing device is calibrated. Preferably, bursts of the mobile terminal establishing the data communication are analyzed by testing apparatus as the information signals.

Abstract: A portable telephone radio unit is disclosed which allows a user to recognize an incomplete state of data communication which occurs with a terminal equipment because of deterioration of the communication state by radio wave interference upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. A signal processing section performs information analysis of a signal selected by a control circuit section from among reception signals of an antenna whose levels are measured by a radio circuit section upon channel changing over in the course of a standby channel selection operation or during communication. The control circuit section detects loss of frame synchronization, deterioration in bit error rate, unfavorable reception of broadcast information or interruption of radio waves which is a condition of radio wave interference.

Abstract: A method of remotely estimating the functionality of a preamplifier mounted adjacent an antenna at the top of a mast or tower and coupled to a base station via a transmission medium, such as a coaxial cable, includes taking noise and/or signal power measurements at the base station via the coaxial cable for the amplifier when both powered and unpowered. The ratio of the respective noise and/or signal powers, after the receiver noise figure at the base station and the cable loss (estimated or measured) including any connection device loss are accounted for, provides an estimate of the functionality of the amplifier.

Abstract: An IR transmitting and receiving device with a signal communicator has an RF transmitter unit connected to an IR receiver and an RF receiver communicating with the RF transmitter unit. The RF receiver is able to get the status of the signal at the IR receiver through the RF transmitter unit and then show the status on a display device. Therefore when a user sets the IR transmitting and receiving device, the user easily adjusts one position of the IR transmitter and the IR receiver, until the IR receiver received the max light strength from the IR transmitter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically controlling a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) to provide a plurality of gain steps thereby providing automatic gain control (AGC) in a receiver intermediate frequency (IF) stage comprising a succession of operational amplifiers wherein at least one is for providing fine gain control and wherein the gain of each fine gain amplifier is controlled by the resistance ratios of a plurality of selectively biased MOSFETs. In one embodiment of the invention, three coarse amplifiers are provided, each having a gain of either 0 dB or 12 dB based on the value of a two-state signal provided to each amplifier gain control input. A single fine gain amplifier has a gain of 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 dB or 9 dB based on the binary value of the two-bit signal provided to the amplifier. The combination of three coarse gain amplifiers and one fine gain amplifier provides for a total gain of 45 dB in 3 dB steps in the described embodiment of the invention.

Abstract: A circuit employing dual adaptive D.C. noise cancellation loops to eliminate D.C. noise from a signal received from a communication channel. The circuit employing the two adaptive D.C. noise cancellation loops is constructed such that the two adaptive D.C. noise cancellation loops are decoupled to insured stability of the circuit while eliminating the D.C. noise components from a signal received from a communication channel. A first D.C. noise canceler generates a first D.C. noise cancellation signal that is a product of an error signal that is an estimate of noise within the signal and a first D.C. gain constant. The first D.C. Noise is connected within the receiver to an input of a decision circuit that subtractively combines the first D.C. noise cancellation signal with the signal to remove a first portion of the D.C. noise components. A second D.C. noise canceler additively restores the first D.C. noise cancellation signal to the error signal and multiplies the restored error signal with the first D.C.

Abstract: The output power of a signal generated by a mobile communications device is measured over a short period of time (e.g. one signal burst), and the data modulation carried by the signal is also determined. The measured power value is adjusted to compensate for variations due to the content of the data modulation. This enables the long-term average power output by the device to be determined more quickly than by averaging the power measured over many successive signal bursts.