Abstract: A data collection method uses a receiver having data collection sensitivity to signals originating from objects dispersed in a field that is subject to distortion. The sensitivity of the receiver is swept along a first arc. For each of the objects detected during the sweeping step, two of the signals are collected at two different points in time. A difference between the two signals is compared to a threshold. When the difference exceeds the threshold, the sensitivity of the receiver is re-swept along a second arc that is angularly less than the first arc. When the difference is less than the threshold, the signals are captured.

Abstract: A system and a method for detecting a simulated Emergency Alert Signal (EAS) are disclosed. The method includes detecting, by a first detector, one or more tones in a plurality of audio frames. Further, the method includes detecting, by a second detector, one or more beeps in the plurality of audio frames. Thereafter, the method includes detecting, by a third detector, at least one emergency word in the plurality of audio frames based at least on the detected one or more tones or the detected one or more beeps, and thereby detecting the simulated EAS.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sampling clock alignment and time offset signaling are disclosed herein. A transmitter broadcasting symbol-aligned frames at multiple baseband sampling rates can benefit from generating the frames to have durations that can be represented by an integer number of samples at two or more of the baseband sampling rates. In some embodiments, a transmitter adds samples to a frame to ensure that its duration meets such a criteria. Furthermore, the problem of signaling network time in symbol-aligned frames is simplified by sampling clock alignment. Approaches for signaling time offset of a transmission to the nearest millisecond boundary are also presented.

Abstract: A method is presented for providing information associated with a geographical area to users of broadcast communication receivers. The information, as well as an indication of the geographical area associated with the information, are transmitted to, and received by, each of the broadcast communication receivers. In each of the receivers, the indication of the geographical area is compared with a geographic code associated with, and stored within, the receiver. Each of the receivers transfers the information in a video format to the user of the receiver if the geographic code indicates that the receiver is located within the geographical area.

Abstract: A system to provide a warning to a person in a vehicle when the vehicle is proximal or in a danger area to an emergency services vehicle or a hazard area, the system comprising an emitter on the emergency services vehicle or in or adjacent the hazard area, a radio associated with the vehicle, the radio having a receiver to receive the signal from the emitter, a speaker, a decoder to send a warning signal to the speaker when the receiver receives a signal from the emitter.

Abstract: A system and method to be used with first and second devices where the first and second devices are capable of communicating using a subset of different modulation schemes wherein the subset includes at least first and second different modulation schemes, the method for optimizing transmission of data from the first device to the second device, the method comprising the acts of at the first device, when data is to be transmitted from the first device to the second device, receiving at least a portion of a trigger signal from the second device wherein the transmitted trigger signal includes data transmitted using a sequence of at least two of the modulation schemes from the subset, the portion of the trigger signal received being a received trigger signal, analyzing the received trigger signal to identify one of the modulation schemes from the subset as a function of the received trigger signal as an initial modulation scheme to be used to transmit data to the second device and transmitting the data from the f

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding a high frequency signal by using a low frequency signal. The high frequency signal can be encoded by extracting a coefficient by linear predicting a high frequency signal, and encoding the coefficient, generating a signal by using the extracted coefficient and a low frequency signal, and encoding the high frequency signal by calculating a ratio between the high frequency signal and an energy value of the generated signal. Also, the high frequency signal can be decoded by decoding a coefficient, which is extracted by linear predicting a high frequency signal, and a low frequency signal, and generating a signal by using the decoded coefficient and the decoded low frequency signal, and adjusting the generated signal by decoding a ratio between the generated signal and an energy value of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus is disclosed which includes: a detection section configured such that based on a result of the error correction of a signal generated by a single carrier system, the detection section detects the presence or absence of spectrum inversion in the signal; and a selection section configured such that if the detection section detects the spectrum inversion, the selection section selects the spectrally inverted signal as the signal subject to the error correction, and that if the detection section does not detect the spectrum inversion, then the selection selects the spectrally uninverted signal as the signal subject to the error correction.

Abstract: Broadcast emergency alert messages are selectively processed in accordance with various aspects of the alerted event, the alert message, and/or user preferences. In an example configuration, a mobile device is preconfigured with instructions defining how to process various types of emergency alert messages. A received broadcast emergency alert message is analyzed to determine various characteristics pertaining to the message, such as alert type, alert subtype, likelihood of alert occurrence, alert severity, receipt time, geographic extent of the alert area, originator of the alert message, a time when the alert message was originated. The message is processed in accordance with the preconfigured instructions and the characteristics pertaining to the message. A user of the mobile device can tailor the type of EAS alerts to be received, the time period, or periods, during which EAS alerts can be received, and actions to be taken with respect to received alerts.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and radio receiver system for canceling multi-user interference in a single-carrier radio communication system. A front-end receiver such as a RAKE receiver receives a radio signal formatted in a sequence of frames, and outputs a plurality of user signals. A processing selector selects on a frame-by-frame basis, either a first signal processing chain that serially decodes and removes the interference contributions of the user signals, or a second signal processing chain that simultaneously decodes and removes the interference contributions of the user signals in parallel. The processing selector may select the first signal processing chain when the number of user signals is greater than or equal to a threshold value, and may select the second signal processing chain when the number of user signals is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: A method (200) for detecting a periodic signal (141) in a noisy signal (101) is provided. The method can include applying (210) correntropy to the noisy signal to generate a non-linear mapping, and applying (220) a sub-space projection to the non-linear mapping to produce principal components. A correntropy kernel can be applied to the noisy signal to generate a Gram matrix that is used in a Temporal Principal Component Analysis (TPCA). The correntropy kernel projects nonlinearly the input data to a reproducing kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) preserving the input time structure and attenuating impulsive noise. The correntropy kernel is data dependent, and the RKHS correlation matrix has the same dimension as the input data correlation matrix. A principal component having a majority of signal energy can be chosen (230) to detect the periodic signal.

Abstract: A cell-based vehicle driving control system includes a local server for obtaining road environment information on roads within a cell and target vehicle information on a target vehicle within the cell and generating local waypoints based on the road environment information and the target vehicle information; a global server for monitoring the target vehicle information, the road environment information and local server information on the local server received from the local server; and a vehicle control terminal, mounted in the target vehicle, for receiving the local waypoints from the local server and controlling the target vehicle based on the local waypoints. The road environment information is obtained by using at least one sensor installed on the roads.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding a high frequency signal by using a low frequency signal. The high frequency signal can be encoded by extracting a coefficient by linear predicting a high frequency signal, and encoding the coefficient, generating a signal by using the extracted coefficient and a low frequency signal, and encoding the high frequency signal by calculating a ratio between the high frequency signal and an energy value of the generated signal. Also, the high frequency signal can be decoded by decoding a coefficient, which is extracted by linear predicting a high frequency signal, and a low frequency signal, and generating a signal by using the decoded coefficient and the decoded low frequency signal, and adjusting the generated signal by decoding a ratio between the generated signal and an energy value of the high frequency signal.

Abstract: A radio opaque container for communication devices upon a vehicle has a bottom joined to four walls, a pivoting lid sealing upon the walls, a connector from the container to a vehicle, a locking mechanism keeping the lid closed, and circuitry between the locking mechanism and the vehicle that engages the locking mechanism only when the vehicle's electrical system is on. In an emergency, the contents within the container remain available to a vehicle operator but the container opens only when vehicle's electrical power has been turned off. The container forms at least one faraday cage around the contents and prevents equipment placed therein from activating and distracting a vehicle operator. In an alternate embodiment, the container includes a shelf therein.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel and improved method for providing broadcast short message services (SMS) in a communication network. It is an objective of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus that insures the successful transmission of the broadcast message while minimizing the impact of providing the short messaging service on overall system capacity. It is further the objective of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for receiving broadcast messages without depriving the receiver of the benefits of slotted paging, that being the savings in power consumption.

Abstract: Power control methods and apparatus taught herein advantageously provide quick convergence to the signal quality target needed to achieve a given data error rate target, when changes in transport format use by a given transport channel require such convergence. Specifically, the methods and apparatus maintain a “baseline” signal quality target that stays current with changing signal propagation conditions because it is common to all transport formats used by the transport channel. The methods and apparatus then bias this baseline signal quality target with a target offset particularized for the transport format in use. This offset may be selected from memory or dynamically calculated, and, regardless, can often be applied after a single transmission time interval.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sensing the presence of a transmission signal type within a wireless channel in a wireless communication system, such as those including the use of wireless microphones, are described. Sensing the transmission signal type includes calculating a spectral density estimate of a signal on the wireless channel. A first test value, derived from the calculated spectral density estimate, is compared to a first threshold. A preliminary determination of the presence of the transmission signal type is made if the first test value exceeds the first threshold. Sensing the presence of the signal type after preliminary determination of the presence of the signal type is made by determining that an observed spectral density of a prescribed signal added to the signal on the wireless channel matches a model estimate of the spectral density of the prescribed signal to a sufficient degree.

Abstract: A wireless network device includes a correlation module, an automatic gain control module, and a control module. The correlation module correlates a predetermined portion of a radio frequency (RF) signal and generates a correlation signal based thereon. The automatic gain control (AGC) module generates a gain control signal based on said RF signal. The control module selectively determines whether said RF signal is a radar signal based on said correlation signal and said gain control signal.

Abstract: An electronic device that can receive an AM radio broadcast signal and has a switching power supply circuit, wherein a switching frequency of the switching power supply circuit is detected and a reception frequency of the AM radio broadcast signal is detected, and when a frequency as an integral multiple of the switching frequency falls within a reception frequency range of the AM radio broadcast signal, a load is added to the switching power supply circuit, whereby the switching frequency is changed.

Abstract: A communication system utilizing an adjustable link has at least a first data transmission circuit including at least a first communication link circuit. The first communication link circuit has a baseband circuit and at least a passband circuit. The baseband circuit corresponds to a baseband sub-channel and the passband circuit corresponds to a passband sub-channel. The first communication link circuit also includes a circuit that distributes a first subset of a data stream having a first symbol rate to the baseband circuit and a second subset of the data stream having a second symbol rate to the passband circuit. The baseband sub-channel and the passband sub-channel are separated by an adjacent guardband of frequencies. The passband carrier frequency is adjusted to define the guardband and the guardband corresponds to a first notch in a channel response of a first communications channel.

Abstract: In a dual-channel HD radio receiver, when the broadband filter channel is compromised, the broadband channel is inactivated and the narrowband channel is activated. By mixing the signals of the two channels during the change, undesirable audio artifacts can be minimized.

Abstract: A transmitter of a mobile communication terminal including a transmission signal processor for receiving a data signal to be transmitted, modulating the data signal into a radio signal, and outputting the radio signal. A local oscillator device provides the transmission signal processor with a local oscillator signal and a modem for outputs a control signal to power on the transmission signal processor and the local oscillator device when a voice signal is input through a microphone. A delay device for delays the control signal from the modem and provides the transmission signal processor with the delayed control signal.

Abstract: A communication system utilizing an adjustable link has at least a first data transmission circuit including at least a first communication link circuit. The first communication link circuit has a baseband circuit and at least a passband circuit. The baseband circuit corresponds to a baseband sub-channel and the passband circuit corresponds to a passband sub-channel. The first communication link circuit also includes a circuit that distributes a first subset of a data stream having a first symbol rate to the baseband circuit and a second subset of the data stream having a second symbol rate to the passband circuit. The baseband sub-channel and the passband sub-channel are separated by an adjacent guardband of frequencies. The passband carrier frequency is adjusted to define the guardband and the guardband corresponds to a first notch in a channel response of a first communications channel.

Abstract: Methods and systems consistent with the present invention provide broadband subscribers with dynamic, automatic routing information for accessing services offered by a service provider network (35) and/or content provider networks (40, 45). Client software on the subscriber's computer (10) retrieves a file such as an HyperText Markup Language (HTML) document from a predetermined server containing connection-oriented routing information for gaining access to various network services. The client software parses the HTML document and extracts the routing information. The client software then uses this routing information to populate and manipulate the subscriber computer (10) routing table.

Abstract: An optimized method for the transmission of multimedia contents between a multimedia content transmitter and a multimedia content receiver in a mobile radio network transmitting a multimedia content description vector from the transmitter to the receiver, calculating a pertinence score of the content from the description vector and as a function of a user profile associated with a user of the receiver, and recovering, at the explicit request of the receiver, a block or blocks of the content not received by the receiver, with a priority depending on the pertinence score associated with the content to which the missing block(s) belong(s).

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, radio program content or other audio communications and music are transmitted as digital information through the Internet to an Internet radio receiver/transmitter device. The device converts received digital information to analog information and broadcasts the information in the radio frequency band at low power in a localized area for reception by ordinary FM or AM radios. The device is capable of receiving multiple streams of different digital information, and broadcasting each of these on separate radio frequencies, so that each person in a household may hear its own selected programming on its own preselected radio frequency. It is programmable as to at least broadcast commence time, frequency and end time, if desired. Moreover, it may store received information to play at a preprogrammed time, or on demand.

Abstract: There is described an air freshener dispenser, in particular of the type fittable to vehicle air inlets, which has an indicator circuit for indicating an incoming call on a cellular telephone in the vicinity of the air freshener dispenser.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a receiver for demodulating a modulation symbol in a communication system without knowledge of the modulation constellation employed in a transmitter to modulate this symbol before transmission. According to the method, the invention comprises the steps of interpreting the modulation symbol as a symbol of one of a family of hierarchical modulation constellations, decoding the demodulated symbol using a forward error correction (FEC) technique and demodulating the symbol according to the assumed modulation constellation. Finally, the demodulated symbol is checked for correctness. The receiver comprises of a corresponding interpretation unit, a demodulator and an FEC decoder as well as means for checking the correctness of the demodulated symbol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for outputting traffic information in a motor vehicle. In order to present the driver with traffic information in such a way that he can adapt his driving behaviour and/or his selection of a route for his journey to the respective current traffic situation in time, there is a provision that traffic messages are stored together with the respective position of the route section to which they relate. The positions of the traffic messages are then compared with the respective position of a motor vehicle in which the traffic information is to be output in order to detect the distances between the respective position of the traffic messages and the position of this motor vehicle. The traffic messages are then output sorted according to distances, starting with the smallest distance.

Abstract: A personal massaging method and apparatus constructed from a wireless cellular telephone, preferably provisioned for extended ring/vibrate, having either an attachable/removable, fixed, or integral stimulator on a surface of the telephone. When the telephone is called, the wearer or user receives a desirable level of stimulation when the stimulators are applied to a sensitive portion of the user's body. A variety of shapes, sizes and materials may be used for the stimulators to provide a wide array of stimulation or massage.

Abstract: Apparatus is directed to a personal, portable alarm system that interfaces with an individual's portable radio and remote speaker/microphone to provide the individual with an audible indication that a radio signal has been received from a remote sensor that is indicative of an event being detected adjacent to the location of the remote sensor.

Abstract: A police radar detector detects police radar signals in the X, K and wide Ka police radar bands and rejects interfering Ka band signals that are a higher harmonic of a nuisance source having a fundamental frequency adjacent to the X police radar bands. Each of the three police radar bands is separately swept in a first mixer stage with the resulting IF signal concurrently demodulated in two IF circuits. The first IF circuit detects signals that were received in the X, K and outer portions of the wide Ka band during respective sweeps. The second IF circuit detects nuisance signals adjacent to the X and K bands, and the inner portion of the wide Ka band during respective sweeps.

Abstract: An illustrative embodiment of the present invention supports the transmission of data to a user on an as-needed basis over multiple allocated data channels. Data packets are transmitted in time-slots of the allocated data channels to corresponding target receivers without the need for explicitly assigning particular time-slots to a target user well in advance of transmitting any data packets in the time-slots. Instead, each data packet transmitted in a time-slot includes a header label or preamble indicating to which of multiple possible receivers a data packet is directed. The preamble also preferably includes decoding information indicating how a corresponding data payload of the data packet is to be processed for recapturing transmitted raw data.

Abstract: A weather alert system to warn a user when an emergency signal has been broadcast and to simultaneously activate a television or other visual information source and to select a predetermined informational channel. The weather alert system includes a signal detector for detecting a broadcast alarm signal and for generating an activation signal upon detection of the alarm signal. A remote controller is operatively connected to the signal detector for producing a remote control signal in response to said activation signal. The remote control signal is utilized to trigger the activation of a visual information source such as a television or a computer to provide visual information relating to the hazardous condition.

Abstract: The present invention is a novel and improved method for providing broadcast short message services (SMS) in a communication network. It is an objective of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus that insures the successful transmission of the broadcast message while minimizing the impact of providing the short messaging service on overall system capacity. It is further the objective of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for receiving broadcast messages without depriving the receiver of the benefits of slotted paging, that being the savings in power consumption.

Abstract: A radio selective calling receiver which can prevent reliably a radio section from being affected by a noise generated in a boosting circuit during an infrared-ray communication, whereby a reception sensitivity in the radio section can be prevented from being degraded. The radio selective calling receiver has a memory 14 for storing reception information received by the radio section 2 and an infrared-ray data communication section 24 for outputting the reception information stored in the memory 14 to an external terminal by means of an infrared ray and for receiving infrared-ray data from the external data terminal so as to cause a first control means 4 to control the infrared-ray data communication of the infrared-ray data communication section 24 if telecommunication dispatching is inputted and to cause a second control means 10 to inhibit the infrared-ray data communication during an operation of the radio section 2 even if the telecommunication dispatching is inputted.

Abstract: A method of communicating emergency warnings to persons within a selected in a region served by a cellular communication system that comprises a plurality of transmission stations, includes providing persons in the area with warning devices that generate an emergency warning in response to a predetermined signal; identifying at least one transmission station in the communication system to transmit the predetermined signal to warning devices in the selected area; and transmitting the predetermined signal from the identified transmission station to cause warning devices in the selected area to generate emergency warnings.

Abstract: A traffic light control apparatus for emergency vehicles for enabling control of a plurality of traffic signal lights disposed at a controlled intersection by an operator of an emergency vehicle and for disabling a conventional traffic signal light controller used for controlling the operation of the traffic signal lights.

Abstract: The present invention provides a broad band, multi-band radar detector which may be configured so as to have two or three down conversion stages. There are three mixers in the circuit, the second of which has a frequency synthesized local oscillator which is governed by a phase lock loop feedback circuit under the control of a microprocessor, so that the output frequency of the second local oscillator may be varied by an amount equal to .+-.f.sub.adj. The first local oscillator is also under the control of the microprocessor, so that a specific intermediate frequency signal from the first mixer may be derived. By varying the frequency of the second frequency synthesized local oscillator, the tuning range of the radar detector may be increased in each frequency band of interest by an amount equal to .+-.f.sub.adj for all frequency values in each respective frequency band of interest.

Abstract: A non-linear junction detector designed for counter surveillance measures achieves superior performance by using a single circularly polarized antenna to transmit a signal and to receive harmonics of the transmitted signal that are re-radiated by a non-linear junction such as would be found in a eavesdropping device containing a semiconductor. The antenna is mounted on a telescoping antenna extension assembly. A single electrically conductive cable is contained inside the antenna and connects the antenna to the transceiver case which houses the non-linear junction detector electronics. A cable winder is built into the antenna and is employed to provide automatic dispensing and retraction of the cable when the antenna extension assembly is extended or retracted. A display is built into the antenna head assembly to provide signal strength indications and operational information concerning the functioning of the non-linear junction detector to the user of the device.

Abstract: An SCR (122) that receives personal messages and corresponding advertisement messages, includes a receiver (304), memory (310), presentation circuit (313) and processor (308). The processor is adapted to cause the receiver to receive a personal message (402), to determine whether a corresponding advertisement message has been previously stored in the memory (404), and in the event the corresponding advertisement message is not found, cause (406, 410) the presentation circuit to present the personal message to a user of the SCR. Additionally, the processor causes the presentation circuit to present a warning (412) to the user that the SCR must receive the corresponding advertisement message within a predetermined time.

Abstract: A wireless unit of a selectively called wireless receiver receives a wireless signal so as to decode the received wireless signal containing a selectively calling signal having a calling number, a vector signal containing vector type information used to define a sort of a message, and a message signal containing the message. A storage unit has a plurality of storage areas, each of the storage areas is constituted by a plurality of sectors and sector sizes of the storage areas is different from each other. When the signal decoded by the wireless unit involves an own calling number, if a control unit judges that the received message is a free statement message by referring to the vector type information, then this control unit stores this message into the storage area constituted by the large size of the sector.

Abstract: A combination electronic pager, organizer and radio (10) supplied with power by at least one of an external and an internal power supply (56) and connectable to a telephone line (50). The combination electronic pager, organizer and radio (10) includes a housing including a base unit (12) and a face unit (14). Positioned within the base unit (12) is a radio (64) for receiving an external radio transmission and including a tuning dial (36) for tuning the received transmission and a speaker (30) for producing an audio representation of the received signal. The radio (64) is connected to receive power from the at least one of the external and internal power sources (56). A microprocessor (54) including a memory (58) for storing data for use thereby and a clock (62) for indicating a present time of day, date, month and year is also positioned within the base unit (12) and is connected to receive power from the at least one of the external and internal power supplies (56).

Abstract: In methods and apparatus for generating an LPC-encoded noise signal from an LPC-encoded speech signal, excitation parameters of the LPC-encoded speech signal for a current frame are randomized upon detection of speech in the current frame. For frames in which no speech is detected, LPC coefficients and frame energy for the current frame may be replaced with respective averages calculated over the current frame and a plurality of preceding frames. For frames in which speech is detected, LPC coefficients for the current frame may be replaced with respective averages of LPC coefficients used to replace LPC coefficients of an immediately previous frame. The comfort noise generation technique is particularly suitable for use in echo suppressors for digital cellular radio systems.

Abstract: An automatic emergency alarm reception apparatus for a broadcasting receiver which has a radio frequency part and a low frequency part, comprising an ON/OFF switch connected between the radio frequency part and the low frequency part, for turning on the broadcasting receiver when a specific frequency signal indicative of a state of emergency is received at an antenna of the broadcasting receiver, and an emergency alarm signal detection circuit for detecting the specific frequency signal from the radio frequency part to control the ON/OFF switch. The emergency alarm signal detection circuit includes an air defense alarm signal detection part and an air-raid alarm signal detection part. The air defense alarm signal detection part is provided with a band pass filter, a level comparator, an inverter, a pulse generator and a counter. The air-raid alarm signal detection part is provided with first to third band pass filters, first to third level comparators and a sequential detector.

Abstract: A method of selecting one of broadcast waves, which are received by a receiving system for receiving the broadcast waves in each of which a sub signal including input sorting information to indicate a sort of broadcast for each of the broadcast waves is multiplexed a main signal, includes the steps of: setting a set sorting information to specify a desired sort of broadcast to be received; judging whether or not the input sorting information of each of the received broadcast waves is coincident with the set sorting information; storing the input sorting information if the input sorting information is not judged to be coincident by the judging step; firstly selecting one of the broadcast waves having the input sorting information, which is judged to be coincident by the judging step, if at least one of the input sorting information is judged to be coincident by the judging step; and secondly selecting one of the broadcast waves having the input sorting information, which is not judged to be coincident by the j

Abstract: A portable wireless voice message transmitter over packet switched network for transmitting a voice message is provided. The transmitter is capable of transmitting a voice message and text-based information when a user makes an emergency call to a special address with which the text-based information is associated. The transmitter includes text-based information setting circuit for setting text-based information, a first memory for storing the text-based information, a special address setting circuit for setting a special address which is associated with the text-based information and a second memory for storing the special address.

Abstract: A circuit for discriminating the modulation type of a received signal capable of discriminating the modulation type at high speed.

Abstract: A drive through wireless order taking system includes a base station, and a slave station being connectable with the base station by radio and being movable into and out of a talk lock state. The base station includes a device for transmitting a talk lock release signal to the slave station. The slave station includes a device for moving the slave station out of the talk lock state in response to the talk lock release signal transmitted from the base station.

Abstract: A program type code (PTY) burst signal detection method for a radio data system (RDS) receiver, which can automatically receive an arbitrary information program from another network from the beginning of the program. This detection method detects a PTY burst signal in RDS data, which is indicative of switching of broadcasting of an information program from another network. The PTY burst signal is defined as a signal obtained by transmitting RDS data of a group type 14A comprising an information classification code (Usage Code)=(13) in a second block several times in a short period of time. This detection method respectively compares data of three blocks at least in the 14A group, excluding the first block thereof, with data of the three blocks received earlier, and detects the PTY burst signal when every compared data matches with associated data by a predetermined number of times.