Abstract: A paging receiver to which various extra functions may be selectively added. A receiver body of the paging receiver has a miniature and thin configuration and is provided with only a sound type alerting function. Minimum necessary degrees of receiving function, antenna function, speaker function and power psupply function are furnished with in the receiver body. A holder adapted to hold the receiver body is provided with advanced functions a well as a vibrator function and other extra functions. Only when the holder is combined with the receiver body, it allows the receiver to exhibit the advanced functions or the extra functions as desired. In order that the receiver body and the holder may be fixed to each other when combined, a housing of the receiver body and the holder are individually provided with mating portions and electrical connecting terminals.

Abstract: For simplifying a pager housing (14) containing a light sensing and a light emitting element (36 and 38), the housing has a common translucent portion (30). The light sensing and the light emitting elements are disposed adjacent to the translucent portion. The light emitting element is for indicating reception of a call. The light sensing element is useful to control operation of a display element (42) which is displaying a message and other. Preferably, the housing comprises holding arrangements for holding a protecting plate (24) for the display element. The holding arrangements are engaged with both ends of the protecting plate.

Abstract: A neckstrap with a flat body section and having connectors secured to each end for attachment to a portable object such as a camera or binoculars. A speaker assembly is attached to the top side of the neckstrap and connects to an audio signal source housed in the neckstrap. A pouch is contained in the neckstrap for housing earphones for private listening of the audio signal source.

Abstract: A combined hat and earphones device comprises a flexible hat positionable over the head and ears of a person, and a pair of earphones integrally and inconspicuously connected to lower portions of the hat such that the earphones would be held adjacent the person's ears when the hat is being worn. The hat has an eyelet defined in an inner surface thereof, while electrical wires extending from the earphones extend downwardly out of the hat through the eyelet and have terminal ends thereof connected to a common plug member adapted to be received in the earphones jack of a portable radio or cassette player.

Abstract: An electronic device having a display is disclosed which comprises contacts for electrically coupling the display to the circuitry of the electronic device, and a mounting arrangement for removable attachment of the display to the electronic device, such that the display may be removed from the electronic device to be read. The electronic device may be a radio transceiver, and the display may be adapted to display a paging message from a paging receiver associated therewith.

Abstract: The ear covering and eye covering assembly comprises an elongate curved band, first and second ear coverings mounted, respectively, to each end of the band, a molded plastic piece on the band, and an eye covering mounted to the plastic piece. If desired, a removable visor may be pivotably mounted on the plastic piece and radio speakers may be mounted within the ear coverings.

Abstract: Radio glasses having an electronic radio receiver integrally mounted in eyeglasses. Earphones are connected to the receiver and removably mounted to the temple of the glasses, said earphones being stored when mounted and adapted for insertion into the wearer's ears for radio use when removed from the temples. Batteries, external switches and tuning and volume controls are all integral with the temples of the glasses.

Abstract: An air inflatable member for use with water related activities. A waterproof container is attached to the inflatable member for housing an audio signal source, such as a radio, a cassette tape player or a compact disc player. The waterproof container has a conducting wire opening with a waterproof seal to receive a conducting wire that interconnects the waterproof speakers and an audio signal source that are attached to the inflatable member.

Abstract: An audio equipment enclosure and methods for stacking audio equipment enclosures. One enclosure according to this invention has a compartment for enclosing and supporting an audio amplifier, a compartment for enclosing and supporting one or more audio effects devices, and a compartment for enclosing one or more speakers. A wheeled tray can be releasably secured to the bottom of the enclosure. An extending pedestal member projecting from the bottom of an enclosure can be received in a recess in the top of another enclosure or a recess in a wheeled tray. Front and rear lids or doors on an enclosure can provide access to various items in an enclosure and openings in the enclosures can provide a flow-through air path to enhance air circulation. A fan can be provided in an enclosure to further enhance air circulation and a remotely senseable microphone can be provided near each speaker.

Abstract: A helmet with two-way radio communication faculty including a cap-like outer shell made of hard and electrically insulating plastic material, a cap-like shock absorbing member arranged within the outer shell, an ear-pad member secured to one side edge of the outer shell, a transmitter unit arranged in a top recess formed in an outer surface of the shock absorbing member at its top portion, a receiver unit arranged on an inner surface of the ear-pad member, a battery unit arranged in a side recess formed in the outer surface of the shock absorbing member at its side which is opposite to a side on which the ear-pad member is secured to the outer shell, a transmitting dipole antenna made of a metal foil secured on an inner surface of the outer shell at its one side with the aid of an electrically insulating adhesive tape, and a receiving dipole antenna made of a metal foil secured on the inner surface of the outer shell at its other side with the aid of an electrically insulating adhesive tape.

Abstract: A car electronic device removably mounted in position of a car includes a pivotable handle which is used to mount the device in the car or transport outside the car. The handle may be held to a sitting position aligned with the front face of the device to show it as a continuous part of a fixed member of the device so as to not only improve the appearance of the front face of the device but also establish a psychological antitheft effect.

Abstract: An improved radio and cooler incorporates a radio receiver unit into an indentation in the front wall of a four-walled, portable insulated cooler or ice chest. A separate recharageable battery pack, connected by wires to the radio receiver unit, is integrated into the rear side of the lid of the cooler, on the opposite side of the cooler's center of gravity from the radio receiver unit, and thus acts as a counterbalance to the radio and improves the overall balance of the cooler. In addition, the radio's antenna is similarly positioned opposite the center of gravity from the radio receiver unit, on the upper rear side of the cooler lid, further enhancing the counterbalancing effect.

Abstract: A display case for receiving a transmitter module and retaining the module in place is used in a security system which detects and monitors fire, burglary, emergencies, appliance failure and the like. Transmitter modules, which are placed at each of the sensors, transmit information to a central monitor. The display case for receiving the transmitter module is designed to present the module in open view so that the user can readily discern that the transmitter is in place. The display case cover includes provision to expose the transmitter while engaging the transmitter body to hold it in place in the display case.

Abstract: An antenna has a main vertical planar part which is connected at its one end to the ground, and a main horizontal planar part which are both arranged in an L-shape. It has a secondary vertical linear part which is arranged in parallel with the main vertical planar part and connected at its one end to the feeding point. It also has a conductive secondary horizontal linear part which is connected between the main horizontal planar part and the secondary vertical linear part and is arranged in parallel with the main horizontal planar part, while being separated from the main horizontal planar part by a definite distance. This makes it possible to incorporate the antenna in the circuit board of wireless communication equipment, and the antenna is particularly suitable for miniaturizing the equipment.

Abstract: A unique housing (104) of a portable radio transceiver (100) is described that takes advantage of the heat sinking, electrical shielding and structural characteristics of a battery. The unique electronic circuitry housing (104) includes a battery as a structural element thereof. In one illustrated housing (104), a stick battery (210) is attached to the side of a transmitter printed circuit panel (213). A logic printed circuit panel (212) and a receiver printed circuit panel (214) are positioned above and below the transmitter printed circuit panel (213), respectively, and are held together by interlocking side rails (206,207). The electronic circuitry housing of the present invention may be advantageously utilized in a variety of applications where electronic circuitry is operated from a battery.

Abstract: A combined apparatus (10) comprising a standard thermos member (11) and a radio member (12), wherein the thermos member (11) includes a thermos body (13) having a base element (15), and wherein the top portion of the housing element (20) of the radio member (12) is operatively connected to the base element (15) of the thermos member (11).

Abstract: A unique housing (104 and 600) of a portable radio transceiver (100) is described that takes advantage of the heat sinking, electrical shielding and structural characteristics of a battery. The unique electronic circuitry housing (104 and 600) includes a battery as a structural element thereof. In one illustrated housing (104), a stick battery (210) is attached to the side of a transmitter printed circuit panel (213). A logic printed circuit panel (212) and a receiver printed circuit panel (214) are positioned above and below the transmitter printed circuit panel (213), respectively, and are held together by interlocking side rails (206,207). In a second illustrated housing (600), a flat battery (602) is attached to the sides of a first U-shaped printed circuit panel (604). A second U-shaped printed circuit panel (606) is positioned between the battery and the first panel (604). Heat dissipated by the electrical components on the second panel (606) is conducted away by the flat battery (602).

Abstract: A microphone mount and plug mount for attaching to the side of a motorcyclist's helmet, said microphone mount adapted to secure a microphone boom positioning a microphone proximate the motorcyclist's mouth, the motorcycle mount characterized by a clamp portion adapted to forcefully engage the bottom edge of the helmet with minimum structure below the edge of the helmet, and a boom seat to receive the boom base and passage of electrical wires from the microphone mount. The plug mount defines a clamp portion similarly adapted to surround the lower edge of the helmet, and a plug seat defining a cavity adapted to receive a electrical plug and an opening to said plug seat cavity to receive electrical wires from said microphone mount and from a headset mounted interiorly to said helmet, the electrical plug receiving a mating electrical plug attached to wires connecting with audio accessories located on said motorcycle.

Abstract: A carrying case for a portable radio is provided which includes an attachment structure for attaching the case to the radio user. The carrying case includes a two position sound deflector which, at the option of the user, is situated in a first position to deflect sound upward toward the user's ears or which is situated in a second position for protecting the controls of the radio from the environment.

Abstract: An antenna for a wrist transmitter or receiver carried in a wrist instrument is made of a wire mesh enclosed in an elastic fabric sleeve. The antenna wire is composed of a tubular mesh of individual copper conductors which are loosely woven, twisted, or braided in such a way as to permit lateral expansion and also to assume a flat configuration. In a preferred form of the invention, the wire is woven in a manner similar to that of a coaxial cable outer shield conductor. The method of making the expansion band antenna consists of inserting an unexpanded wire mesh within a stretchable elastic fabric sleeve, expanding the mesh within the sleeve, and then flattening the sleeve and wire mesh. The wire mesh may be expanded within the sleeve by allowing a stretched sleeve to relax while holding the unexpanded mesh within it, or it may be expanded laterally within the sleeve by a mechanical or pneumatic tool.

Abstract: Airline headsets are packaged in a reusable container. The container is affixed to the cord of the headset near the connection which inserts into the plug in the passenger seat arm. The reusable container provides for advertising which underwrites the cost of the head set and the container to an extent that it is less costly to give the passengers the headsets on a complimentary basis than to handle them in the familiar manner.

Abstract: A mounting bracket for a radar detecting unit comprised of a fixed or angularly adjustable V-shaped mount defined by two leg units, the first leg being secured to the radar detecting unit and the second leg having secured thereto at least one male electrical connector, this male connector and second leg being adapted to be inserted into a female receptacle mounted on the windshield of the vehicle, the female receptacle being in electrical communication with the power source for operation of the radar detecting unit, the V-shaped mount permitting the slidable engagement of the radar detecting unit and mount into frictional engagement and electrical contact with the female receptacle mounted on the windshield.

Abstract: A locking apparatus secures a portable hand held object such as a tape measure to a support strip such as the belt of a wearer, some other portion of a wearer's clothing, or a wearer's tool pouch. The apparatus is constructed to provide full encirclement of the belt or other support, eliminating the danger of inadvertent dislodgement while permitting one-hand release. The apparatus consists of a plate bent over at one end to form a lip and at the other to form an angled extension, and mounted in a spring-biased manner to the lateral face of the object such that the lip abuts the lateral face while the angled extension extends over the top, leaving the gap between the plate and the lateral face to receive the belt and a further gap between the angled extension and the top surface of the object to permit manipulation by compressing with the heel of one's hand while one's fingers grip the bottom surface of the object.

Abstract: The present invention provides an elastomeric headband containing an amplifier device such as stereophonic radio or a recording amplifier. The headband includes earphones which overlie the user's ears. The elastomeric band is suitably sized to be readily mounted and dismounted from the user's head. The headband may be floatable in water.

Abstract: A transmitter-receiver system comprises one single transmitter (1) and numerous receivers (6) mounted in a housing (9) having vertically stacked compartments (10) for the receivers (6) and an upper compartment (11) for the transmitter (1) so that the latter can permanently support the whole system on a user's body.

Abstract: An expandable chassis includes a four sided frame with a central opening to receive a plate or "shield" which is allowed to move within the frame between two predetermined positions. Protuberances on the shield contact the frame and limit its inward movement while outward movement is limited by a spring clip on the shield that snaps into an aperture in the frame. Tabs on the frame support integrally formed spring fingers on the shield which tend to force the shield outward. A membrane switch contact assembly and a speaker are respectively attached to the inside and outside surfaces of the shield. By compressing the shield partially into the frame, the chassis assembly slides into a molded plastic housing. A rubber key actuator pad on the outside of the housing has a plurality of keys each having a protrusion or "actuator" that extends partially into an actuator hole in the housing. When the key is depressed, the actuator depresses and activates one of the switches in the membrane switch contact assembly.

Abstract: An improved portable two-way radio comprises a systems module and a removably connected, shielded RF module. Split universal device connector apparatus is provided having an RF connector portion associated entirely with the shielded RF module and a control connector portion associated entirely with the control module, the RF and control connector portions being located physically proximate to each other so that a single multi-pronged universal device connector can be electrically and mechanically connected to both the RF connector circuitry through the control systems module.

Abstract: A controller module includes a cast module base having a central recess with a peripheral ledge. A cover plate is positioned in the recess and supported by the ledge. A flexible circuit is attached to the inside surface of the cover plate and includes two integral flexible circuit connectors. One connector protrudes through an opening in the side of the module base while the second connector wraps around an edge of the cover plate and is adhesively bonded to the outside surface of the cover plate. The flexible circuit includes a polyimide substrate with electrical circuit patterns disposed on opposite sides of the substrate. A polyimide cover layer is adhesively bonded over one electrical circuit pattern and the cover layer is then adhesively bonded to the inside surface of the cover plate. A solder resist layer is applied over portions of the other electrical circuit pattern leaving exposed areas for soldering and electrical contact.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display module with self contained display decoder circuitry is attached to a radio frame with a minimum of electrical interconnections. Module assembly and attachment are both accomplished without the use of tools. Attaching the module to the frame interlocks the module to prevent accidental disassembly and places a preload force on the electrical interconnections to insure good electrical continuity. Ambient light reflection provides primary display illumination while lamps, controlled by an integral switch, provide secondary illumination.

Abstract: A wireless communicating device comprises a receiving circuit for wirelessly receiving message serial number information and a display for displaying the message serial number information. Preferably and additionally, the device may comprise a transmission circuit for wirelessly transmitting the message serial number, preferably, repetitively.

Abstract: A compact portable radio is provided, comprising a disk-like body. The radio has the usual circuitry for detecting and amplifying a radio (AM or FM) signal, an earphone assembly comprising a speaker adapted to be received by the ear of the listener and secured to a head band adapted to partially encompass the head of the listener and a wire for conveying the amplified radio signal to the speaker, and volume control. The disk-like body is provided with storage space for storing the wire and also the head band and at least a portion of the speaker. Such storage space provides a facile way of keeping the wire and earphone assembly from becoming tangled when the radio is not in use.

Abstract: An externally connectable control unit for a portable radio includes an array of contacts matching a similar array of contacts on a portable radio. At lest one control switch is electrically connected with such connector contacts and disposed internally of a switch housing structure. The internal switch is located in association with a recess formed in the housing and a removable plug is friction-fitted within the recess so as to establish a first electrical condition of the control switch--but which is also capable of being manually pulled out of the recess to establish a second electrical condition of the control switch. The meaning to be associated with the switch is determined by a programming device in the control unit which interfaces with the portable radio circuits and is utilized to perform predetermined radio functions. One or more additional switches may also be located on the switch housing (e.g.

Abstract: An amphibious personal audio system is provided. The system includes a band for encircling a person's end. An audio device is secured to the band for generating an audio signal. The audio device is hermetically sealed. Speakers are electrically coupled to the audio device for converting the audio signal to an audio sound. The speakers and the electrical coupling are hermetically sealed. Earpiece assemblies are acoustically coupled to the speakers for transmitting the sound to a person's ears. The earpiece assemblies have an opening for transmission of sound to the user's ear canal, the earpiece assembly being adapted to substantially hermetically seal the user's ear canal around the opening.

Abstract: An FM-TV adapter in combination with a personalized mini-FM-stereo radio having a stereo headphone whereby RF (TV) signals are transmitted into the mini-FM-stereo radio by means of the FM-TV adapter, the FM-stereo radio being adjusted to select a given RF signal and transmit only the audio portion thereof back through the adapter to the headphones for personalized listening.

Abstract: A portable case for audio-visual apparatus has a first case portion including a bottom portion and three side walls connected to the bottom to form a substantial portion of a generally rectangular box. There is a second case portion having a front cover and a top cover, and the second case portion covers the remaining space. There is a partition piece formed in the interior or the case which divides the case into two sections. One section contains a TV monitor and the other contains an audio means for developing the signal displayed on the TV monitor. A power source means is mounted in the case near the audio developing means to receive power from an external source, convert the AC power to DC power, and supply DC power to both the TV monitor and audio developing means.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flat pack or housing for a radio apparatus having a rectangular cross-section comprising an opening at the front side and an opening at the back side which are respectively closable with a cover and also relates to a support mount for the radio apparatus. Such a radio apparatus provides the user with the possibility of versatile use at various use locations and is securable in a receptacle. To this end, the housing is divided into two tub-shaped main chambers by a bottom plate oriented parallel to the plane of the openings. The individual assemblies of the radio apparatus are disposed RF-shielded in the main chambers and the main chambers being closed by the covers by means of a central screw. Outside guide rails for acceptance into the support mount are disposed at opposite lateral faces of the housing. The support mount is composed of a sheet metal panel bent at three sides.

Abstract: A combination portable magnetic tape cassette player and multiband radio receiver in which the sensitive elements of the radio receiver are arranged within a hinged, plastic cover of the combined apparatus and the circuitry of the radio receiver is formed on a printed circuit board having an AM band antenna mounted thereto, whereby the AM receiver antenna is electro-magnetically unshielded by the plastic cover and the combined tape player and radio receiver is of a size substantially equal to that of the tape player alone.

Abstract: A unique housing (104 and 600) of a portable radio transceiver (100) is described that takes advantage of the heat sinking, electrical shielding and structural characteristics of a battery. The unique electronic circuitry housing (104 and 600) includes a battery as an integral structural element thereof. In one illustrated housing (104), a stick battery (210) is attached to the side of a transmitter printed circuit panel (213). A logic printed circuit panel (212) and a receiver printed circuit panel (214) are positioned above and below the transmitter printed circuit panel (213), respectively, and are held together by interlocking side rails (206,207). In a second illustrated housing (600), a flat battery (602) is attached to the sides of a first U-shaped printed circuit panel (604). A second U-shaped printed circuit panel (606) is positioned between the battery and the first panel (604). Heat dissipated by the electrical components on the second panel (606) is conducted away by the flat battery (602).

Abstract: A fabric headband which incorporates a replaceable thermal cartridge and is integrated with a miniature radio set whereby when the band is worn about the head as a crown, it then provides beneficial thermal effects as the wearer listens to the radio through a pair of earphones which depend from the crown. The headband is constituted by a central pouch adapted to receive both the cartridge and a flexible card in front thereof having a metallized face, and a pair of hollow fabric wings extending from opposite ends of the pouch. When the band is encircled about the head and the wings are joined to define the crown, the cartridge in the pouch then lies in heat-exchange relationship with the brow of the wearer.

Abstract: A housing structure for a portable radio is composed of a hollow housing section with an open bottom, a base section dimensioned to mate with and close the bottom of the housing section and a printed circuit board mounted on the base section through a locking mechanism. The base section also includes a section for receiving a battery. A removable cover, releaseably locked to the housing section, covers the battery receiving section. Contacts electrically interconnect the battery in the battery receiving section with the printed circuit board, making the radio operable without mating the base section with the housing section. The base section may be provided with a bottom casing portion for storing optional elements such as a vibrator or antenna. A holder structure with a notch for a battery may be either removably or integrally attached to the housing section. The removable holder structure is configured to permit insertion and removal of a battery while the holder structure is engaging the housing section.

Abstract: A hand-held hair dryer includes an elongated tubular barrel containing an electric heating element and extending from a hollow volute portion provided with a rotatable impeller producing a flow of air through the barrel. A tubular handle is secured to the volute portion by an elongated rectangular cross-section base portion extending generally transversely to the longitudinal axis of the barrel and having parallel opposed base-sides provided with mirror image C-shaped indentations. A conventional portable radio receiver provided with a speaker and controls is stably seated and cradled within the opposed indentations of the base-sides with the speaker and controls positioned in registry with windows formed in the base-sides to enable the user of the dryer to relieve the tedium of hair drying by listening to music or other entertainment from the housed radio receiver.

Abstract: An antenna having an antenna aperture area and an antenna reactance comprises a first antenna element (31) defining a first aperture area and a first reactance and a second antenna element (32) connected in parallel to the first antenna element to put a miniature radio receiver into operation in a desired frequency band. The second antenna element has a second aperture area and a second reactance greater than the first aperture area and reactance, respectively, so that the antenna aperture area and reactance are substantially determined by the second aperture area and the first reactance, respectively. The first and the second aperture areas may be coplanar. Alternatively, the aperture areas may be orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: A control surface is positioned on the top horizontal surface of the case of a personal radio. A flexible printed circuit connects the control surface to the internal electronic circuits of the personal radio. A printed circuit board is connected to the flexible printed circuit by a connector soldered to both the flexible printed circuit and the printed circuit board. Some of a plurality of electrical pathways disposed on the printed circuit board are grouped into conductive pairs, while other pathways connect the conductive pairs to the connector. A keypad formed of a sheet of resilient material encases a surface of the printed circuit board. Molded into the keypad are resilient hollow keys, the hollow of each of which contains a conductive pad. When a key of the keypad is depressed, the conductive pad associated with that key makes contact with predetermined ones of the conductive pairs of the printed circuit board, completing an electrical circuit.

Abstract: A compact police radar warning receiver is provided having an antenna in which all of the mixer and oscillator components are mounted to one side of the antenna enabling the exterior wall of the side opposite thereto to be constructed substantially flat and thereby function as one of the exterior walls of the housing. The antenna is further provided with an improved microwave oscillator, an impedance transformer and non-adjustably positioned tuning pins.

Abstract: A dipole antenna for a portable radio is contained completely within the insulated housing (10) of the transceiver. The dipole antenna is formed as two conductive surfaces (12, 13) electrically isolated from each other but disposed on the same printed circuit board (11) of the transceiver circuit which supports the circuit modules (14, 15). The two dipole halves are connected to each other by means of a dipole tuning circuit (29). The conductive tracks (23, 26, 27) of the transceiver circuit are interrupted at a location which divides as few tracks as possible. The interrupted tracks are bridged together by high-impedance resistors (22).

Abstract: An information system is disclosed built up of at least two modules (14, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67), which modules can be joined with each other by way of a band (16) attachable to a user wherein at least two mutually insulated electric connecting wires (18) are embedded. In at least one of the modules (14, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67) a bushing (28) for the band (16) is provided, associated with a plurality of connecting pins electrically connected to the module, these pins being insertable in the insulating material (20) of the band (16) for electrical contacting.

Abstract: An adaptable homotropic antenna system for use with a portable communication transceiver is described. The antenna system can be used for reception or transmission and can be completely enclosed within the portable transceiver housing. The homotropic antenna system evaluates the quality of a received signal and if the signal is below a predetermined threshold level, an alternate antenna will be selected. The antenna system will continue to sample the available antennas until an antenna produces a signal of acceptable quality.

Abstract: A waterproof enclosure for a portable radio, tape recorder/player, or the like includes a flexible membrane with a finger control pocket adjacent the control knobs of the radio, an opening for inserting and removing the radio from the enclosure with a waterproof sealed cover to close the opening, and a waterproof seal around the earphone plug connector that extends through the flexible membrane. A waterproof earphone speaker is also provided, which has a conical waterproof boot fitted snugly over the speaker. Annular collars on the conical boot anchor the speaker in a person's ear and seal water out of the ear and conical boot.

Abstract: An assembly for a pager having a main housing that is generic to a family of papers having different outputs. A subassembly housing contains the output circuitry for each member of the family of pagers. A generic circuit is mounted on a circuit board that is slideable within the main housing between a first and second position. The circuit board, in a first position, allows the subassembly housing to mate with the main housing. The subassembly housing is locked into mated engagement with the main housing when the circuit board is slid from its first position to its second position. The locking engagement is provided by a tongue-like projection mounted on the circuit board which is received by a cavity in the subassembly housing when the circuit board slides to its second position. In conjunction with this flange mounted on the subassembly housing engages a first end of the circuit board.

Abstract: The miniaturized mobile radio receiver has a straight dipole antenna whose wires run along the edge of the printed-circuit board(s) of the radio receiver and are connected at their outer ends to conductive areas. The conductive strips on the circuit board(s) which run parallel to the antenna constitute a resistive-capacitive shunt and are, therefore, open in the vicinity of the antenna base to block the flow of RF signals.