Abstract: A land mobile radio communication system has a plurality of cell cites, each of which includes a plurality of repeaters. The mobil radios in the cell transmit and receive both data and audio. The date component of the signal is carred as low-frequency subaudible information. In operation the system determines the number of repeaters that are available. When the system has determined that more than a predetermined number of the repeaters are available, all of the repeaters are set to repeat audio and to transmit and to receive data. However, when the system determines that only the predetermined number of repeaters are available, all of the repeaters, except for the ones of the repeaters in the predetermined number, are set to repeat audio and to transmit and receive data. The ones of the repeaters in the predetermined number are set to only transmit and receive data.

Abstract: A communication protocol for a two way transmission system having at least one first transmitter/receiver device, at least one second transmitter/receiver device and at least one repeater for relaying signals between the first and second devices. The protocol includes the steps of transmitting a first signal comprising a command from the first device, repeating the first signal with each repeater in a respective repeater time slot, receiving the first signal at the second device, transmitting status information from each second device in a respective status time slot, forming a status bit map comprising all status information in the at least one repeater, and transmitting the status bit map with the repeater so that the at least one first device has received the status bit map. Preferably, the transmission system comprises an R.F. communication system. If a plurality of repeaters are employed, the repeaters repeat the transmitted signals in a defined repeater sequence.

Abstract: An oscillation detecting apparatus for detecting an oscillation of a wireless repeater intervening between a base station and a mobile station brought in communication with each other through a TDMA system. The wireless repeater produces an input signal based on a radio wave transmitted from one of the base station and the mobile stations, and amplifies the input signal to produce an output signal. The output signal is transmitted from the wireless repeater to the other of the base station and the mobile station. The oscillation detecting apparatus comprises producing apparatus for producing a power level signal varied in proportion with an amplitude of the output signal. The power level signal is formed by, for example, an envelope of the output signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating a communications signal transmitter and apparatus for carrying out the method. The method includes the steps of receiving a communications signal; sensing a signal strength of the received communications signal, the signal strength being indicative of the current user demand; adjusting an output of a power supply that supplies operating power to a communications signal transmitter amplifier in accordance with the sensed signal strength so as to increase the output of the power supply when the sensed signal strength increases and to decrease the output of the power supply when the sensed signal strength decreases; and amplifying the received communications signal with the communications signal transmitter amplifier. The step of sensing may include a step of subtracting a noise component from the received communications signal.

Abstract: A communication network comprises a transceiver arranged for passing on signals, coming in via an incoming signal path, to an outgoing signal path. The transceiver is coupled by the incoming signal path to a first neighboring transceiver and by the outgoing signal path to another neighboring transceiver. The transceiver comprises an amplifier for amplifying the signals to be passed on. The transceiver is also coupled to a local power supply. The communication network is arranged for supplying remote supply power via the incoming signal path to the transceiver. The transceiver further comprises a coupling device which under normal circumstances is arranged for supplying local supply power from the local power supply to the amplifier and, when the local power supply fails, is arranged for supplying the remote supply power to the amplifier. As a result, the communication between the two neighboring transceivers is not deteriorated by a failure of the local power supply of the transceiver.

Abstract: A system for monitoring and adapting radio signals at a cellsite to enable improved call management for mobiles active therein. Matrix switches, advantageously separate ones for the receive side and the transmit side of the cellsite's radios, have extra ports to which other devices are connected. These devices include signal modifiers such as amplifiers, filters, attenuators or interference cancelers, through which the radio signals may be routed within the switches to enable modification of the signals on a per-channel basis. These devices further include signal generators which may inject signals such as tones or noise to ports in the switches to create pretextual radio conditions that may trigger desired call management results. An air interface controller, advantageously in combination with a cell neighborhood host controller, governs operation of the system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of maintaining calls subsequent to a site controller failure. A site controller broadcasts call information to a plurality of standby repeaters. The standby repeaters receive the call information, build a call table including the call information, and utilize the call information to maintain calls in the event of a site controller failure.

Abstract: In a satellite transponder architecture employing digital signal processing, a power monitor samples the data stream of carrier frequency samples on board the transponder and computes a power level for each of the carriers. This provides accurate and high frequency resolution power measurements within the communications link. These measurements are useful for computing critical transponder characteristics such as the effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), receiver sensitivity, uplink sensitivity, operating points and, in a system using a phased array antenna, the total and component powers for each beam. The power monitor eliminates problems associated with external measurement methods, and improves the overall accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: A method for securing the operation of a base station having a radio coverage area divided into at least two sectors, and a base station having antennas, with combiners and branching units, and at least one channel unit for each sector, which allow the base station to establish a radio connection with active radio transceivers currently located in the base station sectors. In the method, the base station is provided with an additional channel unit the traffic capacity of which is selectably switchable to one of the base station sectors. To secure the operation of the base station when one of the channel units fails, the operation of the channel units of the base station is monitored. When one of the channel units fails, the additional channel unit is connected to the antenna of the sector of the failed channel unit by a switch, which connects the antenna attachments of the additional channel unit to the antenna of one sector at a time.

Abstract: In a circuit for controlling an RF output voltage level and identifying the continuity of an IFL cable using a low frequency signal, the low frequency signal is transmitted to an outdoor unit after being level-controlled in an indoor unit. The level of an intermediate frequency transmission (IF TX) signal input to a transmit block up-converter (TBU) is controlled using the low frequency signal so that the RF output voltage level output from a solid state power amplifier (SSPA) is finally controlled. The low frequency signal is transmitted back from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit, and the indoor equipment detects the signal, thereby identifying the presence or absence of an abnormal connection of an IFL cable. An EIRP adjustment circuit is simplified without a microcomputer and its pheripheral circuits, by using a low-frequency signal which is not damaged by a communication cable. Also, the attenuation of the IF TX signal due to the communication cable is automatically compensated.

Abstract: A logging recorder system for trunking radio includes a device which monitors a plurality of channels of the trunking radio system and outputs analog signals representative thereof. A digitizer is then provided for digitizing the analog signals, and a controller breaks the digitized signals into segments and stores the segments on a storage device. The controller also generates an index of locations of the segments on the storage device. The controller may then be used to selectively play back a desired conversation by automatically combining segments from the storage device based on the index.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a method of reconfiguring a distributed communication system (100). A typical distributed communication system (100) includes a plurality of repeaters (102-106) connected via a LAN (108, 110). When a repeater that is acting as an active master (104) receives a Trunking Status Pulse (118), the active master (104) will compare the status information in the received TSP (118) with the present status information to determine which active master is the favorable active master. The active master with the favorable present resource allocation loading level will continue to operate as the active master, while the active with the least favorable present resource allocation loading level will relinquish control as an active master.

Abstract: A method for significantly more effective use of regional processor devices connected to a central processor (e.g., a node in GSM/CME2O1) in a cellular radio communications system by introducing load sharing between regional processor devices, thereby redressing the problems of too high a regional processor device load and too low a regional processor device load.

Abstract: An SMR repeater is made agile by adding a microprocessor controlled frequency selection circuit to enable the repeater to operate on any one of several available frequencies in a band. For dispatch service, the output of the repeater is switched to a power amplifier feeding an omni-directional antenna. The repeater scans several frequencies sequentially. If a signal is detected, scanning is halted to provide repeater service, after which scanning is resumed. The frequency agile repeater is coupled to an antenna system having a narrow beam which can be steered electronically. A control computer scans the azimuth of the beam. The computer divides a service area into a plurality of cells extending radially from the antenna system and assigns channels as needed to service a subscriber. More than one cell can be on the same frequency without interference.

Abstract: Base stations located at physically separate, remote locations are operated as a single site to permit trunked radio communications between portable radios located at those split sites. A first trunked RF communication site located at a first split site location includes plural first base stations, each first base station including a transceiver corresponding to an RF communications channel. The first site also includes a first site controller, connected to each of the first base stations, for assigning base station transceivers to radios requesting an RF communications channel. A second trunked RF communications site is located at a second split site location remote from the first split site location and includes plural second base stations along with a second site controller.

Abstract: A wireless remote data sensor for use in the cable television industry. It senses the status of equipment in the field, such as battery backup power equipment, amplifiers, pilot and signal level monitors, and voltage level for powering active equipment, and transmits the status information using a low data rate cellular data service known as Cellemetry. It also allows the cable system operator to switch each power supply to a backup power source and back remotely for conditioning and battery capacity measurement. Cellemetry uses the forward and reverse control channels of the AMPS cellular network to communicate 32 bit data packets.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved RF converting system. The RF converting system is comprised of a plurality of RF converter modules which are configured for redundant system operation using distributed protection switching in an active "daisy chain" configuration. The "daisy chain" configuration distributes the converter protection switching functions to each individual RF converter module through a switching module coupled to each of the RF converter modules. The "daisy chain" terminates in a backup RF converter which assumes the frequency and attenuation of a faulted RF converter module. A high speed bus provides communication interface between each of the online RF converter modules and the backup RF converter module so that the backup RF converter module can detect faults and reconfigure the system to replace a failed RF converter module.

Abstract: A method and system for accurately accounting for an amount of satellite communications system resources that are allotted to and utilized by a user terminal on a per call or connection basis. The method accumulates data at periodic intervals during a connection, the data indicating what portion of the overall system resources are utilized on both a forward link (gateway to satellite(s) to user terminal) and on a reverse link (user terminal to satellite(s) to gateway). The usage data can include power levels, data rates, user terminal location, and user terminal type. A Gateway (18) that is assigned to handling the call for the user terminal (13) accumulates the data and subsequently transfers the data over a terrestrial data network (39) to a Ground Operations Control Center (38). The center uses the data to determine an amount to be billed to a service provider associated with a service area that includes the gateway.

Abstract: A logging recorder system for trunking radio includes a device which monitors a plurality of channels of the trunking radio system and outputs analog signals representative thereof. A digitizer is then provided for digitizing the analog signals, and a controller breaks the digitized signals into segments and stores the segments on a mass storage device. The controller also generates an index of locations of the segments on the mass storage device. The controller may then be used to selectively play back a desired conversation by automatically combining segments from the mass storage device based on the index.

Abstract: A calibration system utilizing existing location techniques for a global radio telecommunication system 10 autonomously calibrates the communication system's location system by routing precision location data through system 10. Calibration reduces system errors by allowing time slots to remain narrow. The precision data is carried by existing commands throughout the system to measure location errors inserted by satellites 12. A gateway 16 compiles and evaluates received calibration data and determines when to update all gateways 16 with new satellite variance data tables 435. The calibration system provides early warning of degradation of system components and long-term analysis of system performance.

Abstract: Information regarding available services from a RF communication system (101) is transmitted by the RF communication system on an RF communication resource(109). The information is received by at least one communication unit (108). The at least one communication unit (108) determines, from the information, the available services. The at least one communication unit (108) displays an indication of the available services on a display (206) for a user.

Abstract: In a radio blind zone system, a master unit and a slave unit are respectively situated at an existing station and a radio blind zone and connected together by a coaxial transmission path. The master unit feeds a load current to the slave unit which includes a relay amplifying device or a tower-top amplifying device. The master unit is capable of detecting an error occurred in the slave unit by detecting a change in the load current applied to the slave unit.

Abstract: A method for securing the operation of a telecommunications network in a cellular radio system, in which telecommunications network base stations are connected in series in such a way that at least one base station serves as a repeater for telecommunication signals of preceding base stations. For securing the operation of the telecommunications network, the base station is provided with a control unit monitoring its operation and with a repeater connected in parallel with the base station, the repeater having a power source independent of the base station. When the control unit detects a failure at the base station, the signals to be transmitted in the telecommunications network are directed to the repeater which transmits them further in the telecommunications network.

Abstract: A member communication system which includes a radio base station connected to an exchange for establishing a communication interface with a mobile terminal such as a car telephone set where the number of output carriers of a modulation apparatus to be inputted to an amplification apparatus is controlled so as to be decreased in response to failure of an amplification circuit or circuits so that an increase in intermodulation distortion is eliminated and the necessity for each amplification circuit to have a superfluous saturation output is eliminated, thereby reducing power consumption.

Abstract: An overload control for a central processor in the switching network of a mobile radio system. The central processor may be part of a Mobile services Switching Center (MSC). Congestion reports, based on the delay experienced by messages awaiting processing at the central processor, are broadcast to peripheral processors. The peripheral processors may be located in the MSC at interfaces of the MSC to other network elements such as base stations, the PSTN, other MSCs. Peripheral processors maintain variable message origination thresholds responsive to the congestion reports.

Abstract: In a trunked communication system with a number of repeaters (101, 103, 105, 107), allocation of communication resources within each coverage area is controlled by one of the repeaters, which acts as an active resource controller. Communication resource control information is distributed between the repeaters via a data network (109). When a break (113) is detected (403) in the data network (109), a secondary communication unit (117) sends a notice of the break (405) to the plurality of repeaters located on each side of the break. The active resource controller determines which side of the break provides desired usage of the communication resources, and communications are maintained by that side (505, 509).

Abstract: A remote control unit for controlling a plurality of automatic devices for opening and closing a plurality of garage doors, parking garage gates, private residence fences, and the like is located on the ceiling of a vehicle at the sun visor. The remote control unit has switches for activating each of the plurality of automatic opening and closing devices. The remote control unit may be accommodated in a recess formed in the vehicle ceiling or in a recess formed in the visor connected to the vehicle ceiling when the visor is in its non-use position. Alternatively, the remote control unit may be shaped so as to correspond to a shape of a portion of the visor and be attached to the vehicle ceiling so that the remote control unit surrounds a periphery of the visor portion. In addition, the remote control unit may be formed integrally with or adapted to receive a visor support bracket which is attached to the vehicle ceiling. The remote control unit may be powered by the vehicle electric system or by a battery.

Abstract: A dispatch radio communication system (100) employs a method (200) and apparatus (101) for assigning one of a console station's control modules (113-115) to a communication resource. The assignment is initiated by associating (203) each control module (113-115) with a group of supported resource features and associating (205) each communication resource with a group of employed resource features. The latter association is then used to establish (211 ) a minimum set and an extended set of resource feature requirements for a particular communication resource that is to be added to a console station (109). The former association is used to identify (217) a group of candidate control modules (113-115) at the console station (109) that can support at least the minimum set of resource feature requirements. Upon identification of the candidate group (113-115), the candidate control module (e.g.

Abstract: In a monitor system in a digital communication apparatus including communication processing blocks on transmission paths of digital data, test data inserting units and data monitor units are arranged such that a monitor interval for the monitor operation in a block overlaps with a monitor period for the monitor operation between adjacent blocks in each processing block. As a result, there is no unmonitored interval in each processing block, thereby achieving a complete monitor operation.

Abstract: A radio communication system (100) includes a terminal/controller (110, 112) for transmitting an enable signal, data associated with the enable signal, and a disable signal following the data. A normally operating transmitter (105, 107) coupled to the terminal/controller (110, 112) receives, when operating normally, the enable signal and transmits the data associated therewith as a radio frequency (RF) signal. The normally operating transmitter (105, 107) further generates status information for indicating that the normally operating transmitter (105, 107) is functioning, wherein the status information includes at least the enable signal and the disable signal. The radio communication system (100) further includes a redundant transmitter (115) coupled to the normally operating transmitter (105, 107) and the terminal/controller (110, 112) for receiving the status information and determining therefrom whether the normally operating transmitter (105, 107) is functioning.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a device for conversion of an optical data signal from a multimode fibre (1), which except for normal data signals may contain interruptions and an overmodulated low frequency signal, to a corresponding signal which is transmitted further into a single mode fibre (8) by a laser (7). An electric signal from an optical receiver (2) partly directly and partly through a low pass filter (4) is coupled to a comparator (5) the output of which modulates the laser (7). Upon detection of an optical interruption the low pass filter (4) is influenced such that its output signal is stored in a memory device, and the laser is influenced by diversion of the laser current, simultaneously as an analogue value in the control loop of the laser is stored. When the interruption ends both the laser transmitter (7) and the low pass filter (4) continue to operate as before on the basis of their stored analogue values.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, unauthorized access may be prevented upon detecting the particular type of identification code. When the identification code is of a default enabled type, the central controller (101) transmits a default enabled message to the system manager (110). The system manager interprets this message and provides a response to the central controller (101). The response may indicate that this particular identification code should be activated or deactivated.

Abstract: A radio calling system includes a central control station simultaneously broadcasting a calling signal of an arbitrary pager terminal, and a plurality of radio transmitting stations coupled to the central control station. The plurality of radio transmitting stations simultaneously transmit the calling signal received from the central control station at the same radio frequency. The calling signal transmitted from the radio transmitting stations reach the arbitrary pager terminal and at least a neighboring one of the radio transmitting stations.

Abstract: In a communication system, an operator station provides dispatch services to communication groups and multi-communication groups. When a request is received by the operator station to provide a particular dispatch service, which requires at least one multi-communication group to be modified, a temporary multi-communication group is created based on the request and predetermined communication system limitations. After the particular dispatch service has been performed for the temporary multi-communication group, the temporary multi-communication group is discarded, returning the temporary multi-communication group to the at least one multi-communication group.

Abstract: In a secure trunked communication system that includes a central controller, communication between a distribution panel and a limited number of console interface units may be achieved in the following manner. At power up or upon a reset condition, the distribution panel transmits a status check message to each console interface unit in the system. Console interface units that are active respond by transmitting an acknowledgement. Upon receiving the acknowledgement, the distribution panel transmits the addresses of the active console interface units to the central controller. When the distribution panel receives secure information from the central controller, it interprets the information to identify a target console interface unit and transmits the received secure information to the target console interface unit.

Abstract: In a radio communications system having at least one base station, the base station including a plurality of transceivers, a control method and apparatus includes the steps of comparing the number of transceivers in a call state to a first predefined number. If the number of call state transceivers is greater than the first predefined number, then all of the idle transceivers except at least one are switched off. If the number of call state transceivers is less than the first predefined number, then all excess idle transceivers are switched off. Also, after switching off the first subset of the plurality of transceivers, a second subset may be switched off after waiting a predetermined time period. The number of operational transceivers in the second subset is less than in the first subset.

Abstract: A repeater device in a communication network within a transmission line segment receives a distorted signal from the transmission line and retransmits a modified signal. The repeater includes a detector for activating the device in response to the input of the signal and a logic control in order for directing the signal to the modifying portion of the device. To minimize bit error which may occur as the signal is being transmitted over the network or as the signal is being received by the modifying portion of the repeater, the repeater replaces the leading bit of the signal prior to being retransmitted back to the network.

Abstract: In a trunked communication system using intelligent repeaters (101), each intelligent repeater performs a series of tests (602, 606, 610, 614, and 618) on its own functionality. The results of these tests are transmitted (622) to a resource manager, which is one of the intelligent repeaters at a communications site. Using the results of these tests, the resource manager then selects one or more of the intelligent repeaters to perform the functions of authorization, resource allocation (708), and logging of communications (713).

Abstract: An RF repeater for interfacing with a base station for exchanging transmit and receive signals in a time division duplex cordless telephone system comprises a multicarrier amplifier having an input and an output and a transfer switch connected to the amplifier output and the amplifier input and having first and second switch states. The switch means connects receive signals from the handset to the amplifier input and the amplifier output to the base station in the first switch state, and connects the base station to the amplifier input and transmit signals from the amplifier output to be broadcast to the handset in the second switch state. The operation of the switch is controlled so that the transmit and receive signals are alternately amplified by the amplifier. Thus, only a single amplifier is required.

Abstract: A test device (101) for use in a trunked radio system (102) employs a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) detector (120) to analyze transmission parameters. The test device (101 ) includes a transceiver (118) for transmitting and receiving radio signals, and a channel controller (116). The test device further includes memory (117) for storing (403) data, and test control means (116) for causing the transceiver to receive (303, 406) outbound signals on active communication channels. The test device (101) then processes (303-305, 402-404) the power levels for the outbound signals, and either re-transmits (305, 307) the results, or stores (407) them in memory.

Abstract: A radio relay system which comprising an external conductor, a first antenna installed on the externals conductor for transmitting and receiving a first radio carrier wave, a second antenna installed on the external conductor for transmitting and receiving a second radio carrier wave, a skirt provided around the second antenna, the skirt having a length equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the second radio carrier signal, and a relay device which includes a branching filter for extracting a part of the second radio carrier wave as a carrier wave, an adjusting unit for adjusting the amplitude and phase of the carrier wave extracted by the branching filter, and a combining unit for combining the carrier wave extracted by the branching filter with the second radio carrier wave received through the first antenna, and the relay device transmitting as the second radio carrier through the second antenna the first radio carrier wave received through the first antenna.

Abstract: A master repeater controls a trunked communication system having a number of communication resources. The master repeater determines (201) how many communication resources are available to the master repeater. When one control resource and one message resource are among the available communication resources (203), the master repeater suspends (211) trunked communication system operation when the number of available communication resources are less than a minimum number of resources (205), and the available communication resources fail to include all control resources (207) from the trunked communication system.

Abstract: A communication device (16) comprises first and second transceivers and apparatus for determining when the communication device (16) is in an on-site area (11) and when the communication device (16) is in an off-site area. The first transceiver transmits and receives signals on a first communication medium (17), when the communication device (16) is in a first area (11); whereas, second transceiver transmits and receives signals on a second communication medium (28), when the communication device (16) is in a second area.

Abstract: A digital FM base station radio having a dedicated digital signal processing (DSP) board operates on audio signals from RF links and land lines. The DSP board detects, filters and generates tones and communicates information regarding these tones to a controller microprocessor on the central control board for the radio.

Abstract: A site architecture for a trunked radio frequency communications system provides better fault tolerance capabilities than are available from architectures including redundant hardware. During normal system operations, a primary site controller performs most or all system control functions while signal processing functions are performed in a distributed manner by trunking cards associated with individual repeater channel receivers and transmitters. In the event the site controller fails, the trunking cards also begin performing trunking and other control functions. The trunking cards cease attempting to communicate with the failed site controller, and begin communicating directly with one another via a high speed backup serial link.

Abstract: A communication system (10) comprises a portable radio (20) and a plurality of mobile repeaters (12), a mobile repeater system 200 comprising a portable signal receiver (224) for receiving portable radio signals; a mobile transmitter (218) for transmitting the portable radio signals received by the portable receiver; a mobile receiver (226) for monitoring mobile transmissions; a delay state counter (202) for delaying the transmission of the portable radio signals received; and a received signal strength indicator (204) for determining the strength of received mobile radio signals, the received signal strength indicator being coupled to the delay state counter, via a controller (206), for decrementing the delay state counter when the mobile receiver does not detect a mobile transmission having at least a predetermined received signal strength level.

Abstract: In a communication system that comprises a plurality of communication groups, a plurality of transceivers, and a plurality of consoles which monitor selected communication groups, a console may quickly monitor an unmonitored communication in the following manner. When the console detects activity in a particular unmonitored communication group, that communication group is placed into a receive queue. Once the communication group is in the receive queue, a dispatcher of the console may select the communication group and place it into a monitoring queue. Once in the monitoring queue, the dispatcher has full monitoring capabilities over that communication group. Once the dispatcher is done with the communication group, or call activity ends in the communication group, the communication group is placed back into a system group list.

Abstract: A portable anti-theft system and method for sounding an alarm which is a speech synthesizer when a first portable unit and a second portable unit become separated by a predetermined distance is disclosed herein. The system comprises transmitter means in the first portable unit for transmitting a signal, receiver means in said second portable unit for receiving the signal transmitted by the transmitter means, signal strength determination means in communication with the receiver means for comparing the strength of the received signal with a predetermined signal comprising speech synthesizing means for making an announcement when the signal strength determination means has determined that the strength of the received signal is less that the predetermined signal strength value.

Abstract: A site architecture for a trunked radio frequency communications system provides better fault tolerance capabilities than are available from architectures including redundant hardware. During normal system operations, a primary site controller performs most or all system control functions while signal processing functions are performed in a distributed manner by trunking cards associated with individual repeater channel receivers and transmitters. In the event the site controller fails, the trunking cards also begin performing trunking and other control functions. The trunking cards cease attempting to communicate with the failed site controller, and begin communicating directly with one another via a high speed backup serial link.

Abstract: A diversity receiving apparatus includes first and second antennas and circuitry for selecting one antenna or the other. Control circuitry analyzes signal strength received from the selected antenna and determines when the antennas should be switched. The antennas are switched when the received signal strength falls below a running average thereof; the received signal strength falls below a threshold value; or a predetermined time has elapsed since the antennas have been switched. The antennas are switched when the received signal strength falls below a running average thereof; the received signal strength falls below a threshold value; or a predetermined time has elapsed since the antennas have been switched.